module_mp_ncloud3.F

References to this file elsewhere.
1 MODULE module_mp_ncloud3
2 
3    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: dtcldcr     = 240.
4    INTEGER, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: mstepmax = 100
5 
6    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: n0r = 8.e6
7    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: avtr = 841.9
8    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: bvtr = 0.8
9    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: r0 = .8e-5 ! 8 microm  in contrast to 10 micro m
10    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: peaut = .55   ! collection efficiency
11    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: xncr = 3.e8   ! maritime cloud in contrast to 3.e8 in tc80
12    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: xmyu = 1.718e-5 ! the dynamic viscosity kgm-1s-1
13 
14    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: avts = 16.2
15    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: bvts = .527
16    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: xncmax =  1.e8
17    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: n0smax =  1.e9
18    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: betai = .6
19    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: xn0 = 1.e-2
20    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: dicon = 16.3
21    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: di0 = 12.9e-6*.8
22    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: dimax = 400.e-6
23    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: n0s = 2.e6             ! temperature dependent n0s
24    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: alpha = 1./8.18        ! .122 exponen factor for n0s
25 !  REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: lamdarmax = 1.e15  
26    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: lamdarmax = 1.e5  
27    REAL, PARAMETER, PRIVATE :: qcrmin = 1.e-6  
28 
29    REAL, SAVE ::                                     &
30              qc0, qck1,bvtr1,bvtr2,bvtr3,bvtr4,g1pbr,&
31              g3pbr,g4pbr,g5pbro2,pvtr,eacrr,pacrr,   &
32              precr1,precr2,xm0,xmmax,bvts1,          &
33              bvts2,bvts3,bvts4,g1pbs,g3pbs,g4pbs,    &
34              g5pbso2,pvts,pacrs,precs1,precs2,pidn0r,&
35                    pidn0s,xlv1
36 
37 CONTAINS
38 
39 !===================================================================
40 !
41   SUBROUTINE ncloud3(th, q, qci, qrs                               &
42                    , w, den, pii, p, delz                          &
43                    , delt,g, cpd, cpv, rd, rv, t0c                 &
44                    , ep1, ep2, qmin                                &
45                    , XLS, XLV0, XLF0, den0, denr                   &
46                    , cliq,cice,psat                                &
47                    , rain, rainncv                                 &
48                    , ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde                     &
49                    , ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme                     &
50                    , its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte                     &
51                                                                    )
52                    
53 !-------------------------------------------------------------------
54   IMPLICIT NONE
55 !-------------------------------------------------------------------
56 !
57 !Coded by Song-You Hong (NCEP) and implemented by Shuhua Chen (NCAR)
58 !
59   INTEGER,      INTENT(IN   )    ::   ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde , &
60                                       ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme , &
61                                       its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte
62 
63   REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , kms:kme , jms:jme ),                 &
64         INTENT(INOUT) ::                                          &
65                                                              th,  &
66                                                               q,  &
67                                                              qci, &
68                                                              qrs
69 
70   REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , kms:kme , jms:jme ),                 &
71         INTENT(IN   ) ::                                       w, &
72                                                              den, &
73                                                              pii, &
74                                                                p, &
75                                                             delz
76 
77   REAL, INTENT(IN   ) ::                                    delt, &
78                                                                g, &
79                                                               rd, &
80                                                               rv, &
81                                                              T0c, &
82                                                             den0, &
83                                                              cpd, &
84                                                              cpv, &
85                                                              ep1, &
86                                                              ep2, &
87                                                             qmin, &
88                                                              XLS, &
89                                                             XLV0, &
90                                                             XLF0, &
91                                                             cliq, &
92                                                             cice, &
93                                                             psat, &
94                                                             denr
95   REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , jms:jme ),                           &
96         INTENT(INOUT) ::                                    rain, &
97                                                          rainncv
98 
99 ! LOCAL VAR
100 
101   REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ) ::   t
102   INTEGER ::               i,j,k
103 
104 !-------------------------------------------------------------------
105       DO J=jts,jte
106 
107          DO K=kts,kte
108          DO I=its,ite
109             t(i,k)=th(i,k,j)*pii(i,k,j)
110          ENDDO
111          ENDDO
112 
113          CALL ncloud32D(t, q(ims,kms,j), qci(ims,kms,j)            &
114                     ,qrs(ims,kms,j),w(ims,kms,j), den(ims,kms,j)   &
115                     ,p(ims,kms,j), delz(ims,kms,j)                 &
116                     , delt,g, cpd, cpv, rd, rv, t0c                &
117                     ,ep1, ep2, qmin                                &
118                     ,XLS, XLV0, XLF0, den0, denr                   &
119                     ,cliq,cice,psat                                &
120                     ,J                                             &
121                     ,rain(ims,j), rainncv(ims,j)                   &
122                     ,ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde                     &
123                     ,ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme                     &
124                     ,its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte                     &
125                                                                    )
126 
127          DO K=kts,kte
128          DO I=its,ite
129             th(i,k,j)=t(i,k)/pii(i,k,j)
130          ENDDO
131          ENDDO
132 
133       ENDDO
134 
135   END SUBROUTINE ncloud3
136 
137 !===================================================================
138 !
139   SUBROUTINE ncloud32D(t, q, qci, qrs,w, den, p, delz              &
140                     ,delt,g, cpd, cpv, rd, rv, t0c                 &
141                     ,ep1, ep2, qmin                                &
142                     ,XLS, XLV0, XLF0, den0, denr                   &
143                     ,cliq,cice,psat                                &
144                     ,lat                                           &
145                     ,rain, rainncv                                 &
146                     ,ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde                     &
147                     ,ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme                     &
148                     ,its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte                     &
149                                                                    )
150 !-------------------------------------------------------------------
151   IMPLICIT NONE
152 !-------------------------------------------------------------------
153   INTEGER,      INTENT(IN   )    ::   ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde , &
154                                       ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme , &
155                                       its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte,  &
156                                       lat
157 
158   REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ),                           &
159         INTENT(INOUT) ::                                          &
160                                                               t
161 
162   REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , kms:kme ),                           &
163         INTENT(INOUT) ::                                          &
164                                                               q,  &
165                                                              qci, &
166                                                              qrs
167 
168   REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime , kms:kme ),                           &
169         INTENT(IN   ) ::                                       w, &
170                                                              den, &
171                                                                p, &
172                                                             delz
173 
174   REAL, INTENT(IN   ) ::                                    delt, &
175                                                                g, &
176                                                              cpd, &
177                                                              cpv, &
178                                                              T0c, &
179                                                             den0, &
180                                                               rd, &
181                                                               rv, &
182                                                              ep1, &
183                                                              ep2, &
184                                                             qmin, &
185                                                              XLS, &
186                                                             XLV0, &
187                                                             XLF0, &
188                                                             cliq, &
189                                                             cice, &
190                                                             psat, &
191                                                             denr
192   REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime ),                                     &
193         INTENT(INOUT) ::                                    rain, &
194                                                          rainncv
195 
196 ! LOCAL VAR
197 
198   INTEGER, PARAMETER :: iun      = 84
199 
200   REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ) ::                         &
201         rh, qs, denfac, slope, slope2, slopeb,                    &
202         pgen, paut, pacr, pisd, pres, pcon, fall, falk,           &
203         xl, cpm, work1, work2, q1, t1,                            &
204         pgens, pauts, pacrss, pisds, press, pcons
205 
206   REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite , kts:kte ) ::                         &
207               falkc, work1c, work2c, fallc
208 
209   INTEGER, DIMENSION( its:ite ) :: mstep
210   LOGICAL, DIMENSION( its:ite ) :: flgcld
211 
212   REAL  ::  n0sfac, pi,                                         &
213             cpmcal, xlcal, tvcal, lamdar, lamdas, diffus,       &
214             viscos, xka, venfac, conden, diffac,                &
215             x, y, z, a, b, c, d, e,                             &
216             qdt, pvt, qik, delq, facq, qrsci, frzmlt,           &
217             snomlt, hold, holdrs, facqci, supcol, coeres,       &
218             supsat, dtcld, xmi, qciik, delqci, eacrs, satdt, xnc
219 
220   INTEGER :: i,j,k,                                             &
221             iprt, latd, lond, loop, loops, ifsat, kk, n, numdt
222 
223 !
224 !=================================================================
225 !   compute internal functions
226 !
227       cpmcal(x) = cpd*(1.-max(x,qmin))+max(x,qmin)*cpv
228       xlcal(x) = xlv0-xlv1*(x-t0c)
229       tvcal(x,y) = x+x*ep1*max(y,qmin)
230 !----------------------------------------------------------------
231 !     size distributions: (x=mixing ratio, y=air density):
232 !     valid for mixing ratio > 1.e-30 kg/kg.
233 !     otherwise use uniform distribution value (1.e15)
234 !
235       lamdar(x,y)=(pidn0r/(x*y))**.25
236       lamdas(x,y,z)=(pidn0s*z/(x*y))**.25
237 !
238 !----------------------------------------------------------------
239 !     diffus: diffusion coefficient of the water vapor
240 !     viscos: kinematic viscosity(m2s-1)
241 !
242       diffus(x,y) = 8.794e-5*x**1.81/y
243       viscos(x,y) = 1.496e-6*x**1.5/(x+120.)/y
244       xka(x,y) = 1.414e3*viscos(x,y)*y
245       diffac(a,b,c,d,e) = d*a*a/(xka(c,d)*rv*c*c)+1./(e*diffus(c,b))
246       venfac(a,b,c) = (viscos(b,c)/diffus(b,a))**(.3333333)       &
247              /viscos(b,c)**(.5)*(den0/c)**0.25
248       conden(a,b,c,d,e) = (max(b,qmin)-c)/(1.+d*d/(rv*e)*c/(a*a))
249 !
250       pi = 4. * atan(1.)
251 !
252 !=================================================================
253 !     set iprt = 0 for no unit fort.84 output
254 ! 
255 !     iprt = 0
256 !     if(iprt.eq.1) then
257 !       qdt = delt * 1000.
258 !       latd = jts
259 !       lond = its
260 !     else
261 !       latd = 0
262 !       lond = 0
263 !     endif
264 !
265 !----------------------------------------------------------------
266 !     paddint 0 for negative values generated by dynamics
267 !
268       do k = kts, kte
269         do i = its, ite
270           qci(i,k) = max(qci(i,k),0.0)
271           qrs(i,k) = max(qrs(i,k),0.0)
272         enddo
273       enddo
274 !
275 !----------------------------------------------------------------
276 !     latent heat for phase changes and heat capacity. neglect the
277 !     changes during microphysical process calculation
278 !     emanuel(1994)
279 !
280       do k = kts, kte
281         do i = its, ite
282           cpm(i,k) = cpmcal(q(i,k))
283           xl(i,k) = xlcal(t(i,k))
284         enddo
285       enddo
286 !
287 !----------------------------------------------------------------
288 !     compute the minor time steps.
289 !
290       loops = max(nint(delt/dtcldcr),1)
291       dtcld = delt/loops
292       if(delt.le.dtcldcr) dtcld = delt
293 !
294       do loop = 1,loops
295 !
296 !----------------------------------------------------------------
297 !     initialize the large scale variables
298 !
299       do i = its, ite
300         mstep(i) = 1
301         flgcld(i) = .true.
302       enddo
303 !
304       do k = kts, kte
305         do i = its, ite
306           work1(i,k) = tvcal(t(i,k),q(i,k))
307           denfac(i,k) = sqrt(den0/den(i,k))
308         enddo
309       enddo
310 !
311       do k = kts, kte
312         do i = its, ite
313           qs(i,k) = fpvs(t(i,k),1,rd,rv,cpv,cliq,cice,xlv0,xls,psat,t0c)
314           qs(i,k) = ep2 * qs(i,k) / (p(i,k) - qs(i,k))
315           qs(i,k) = max(qs(i,k),qmin)
316           rh(i,k) = max(q(i,k) / qs(i,k),qmin)
317         enddo
318       enddo
319 !
320 !----------------------------------------------------------------
321 !     initialize the variables for microphysical physics
322 !
323 !     if(lat.eq.latd) then
324 !       i = lond
325 !       print*,'lat',latd,lat,i
326 
327 !       do k = kts, kte
328 !         press(i,k) = 0.
329 !         pauts(i,k) = 0.
330 !         pacrss(i,k)= 0.
331 !         pgens(i,k) = 0.
332 !         pisds(i,k) = 0.
333 !         pcons(i,k) = 0.
334 !         t1(i,k) = t(i,k)
335 !         q1(i,k) = q(i,k)
336 !       enddo
337 !     endif
338 !
339       do k = kts, kte
340         do i = its, ite
341           pres(i,k) = 0.
342           paut(i,k) = 0.
343           pacr(i,k) = 0.
344           pgen(i,k) = 0.
345           pisd(i,k) = 0.
346           pcon(i,k) = 0.
347           fall(i,k) = 0.
348           falk(i,k) = 0.
349           fallc(i,k) = 0.
350           falkc(i,k) = 0.
351         enddo
352       enddo
353 !
354 !----------------------------------------------------------------
355 !     sloper: the slope parameter of the rain(m-1)
356 !     xka:    thermal conductivity of air(jm-1s-1k-1)
357 !     work1:  the thermodynamic term in the denominator associated with
358 !             heat conduction and vapor diffusion
359 !             (ry88, y93, h85)
360 !     work2: parameter associated with the ventilation effects(y93)
361 !
362       do k = kts, kte
363         do i = its, ite
364           if(qrs(i,k).le.qcrmin)then
365             slope(i,k) = lamdarmax
366             slopeb(i,k) = slope(i,k)**bvtr
367           else
368             if(t(i,k).ge.t0c) then
369               slope(i,k) = lamdar(qrs(i,k),den(i,k))
370               slopeb(i,k) = slope(i,k)**bvtr
371             else
372               supcol = t0c-t(i,k)
373               n0sfac = min(exp(alpha*supcol),n0smax)
374               slope(i,k) = lamdas(qrs(i,k),den(i,k),n0sfac)
375               slopeb(i,k) = slope(i,k)**bvts
376             endif
377           endif
378           slope2(i,k) = slope(i,k)*slope(i,k)
379         enddo
380       enddo
381 !
382       do k = kts, kte
383         do i = its, ite
384           if(t(i,k).ge.t0c) then
385             work1(i,k) = diffac(xl(i,k),p(i,k),t(i,k),den(i,k),qs(i,k))
386           else
387             work1(i,k) = diffac(xls,p(i,k),t(i,k),den(i,k),qs(i,k))
388           endif
389           work2(i,k) = venfac(p(i,k),t(i,k),den(i,k))
390         enddo
391       enddo
392 !
393       do k = kts, kte
394         do i = its, ite
395           supsat = max(q(i,k),qmin)-qs(i,k)
396           satdt = supsat/dtcld
397           if(t(i,k).ge.t0c) then
398 !
399 !----------------------------------------------------------------
400 !     warm rain process
401 !     paut: auto conversion rate from cloud to rain (kgkg-1s-1)(kessler)
402 !     pacr: accretion rate of rain by cloud(lin83)
403 !     pres: evaporation/condensation rate of rain(rh83)
404 !
405             if(qci(i,k).gt.qc0) then
406               paut(i,k) = qck1*qci(i,k)**(7./3.)
407               paut(i,k) = min(paut(i,k),qci(i,k)/dtcld)
408             endif
409 !
410             if(qrs(i,k).gt.qcrmin) then
411               if(qci(i,k).gt.qcrmin)                                     &
412                 pacr(i,k) = min(pacrr/slope2(i,k)/slope(i,k)/slopeb(i,k) &
413                      *qci(i,k)*denfac(i,k),qci(i,k)/dtcld)
414               coeres = slope2(i,k)*sqrt(slope(i,k)*slopeb(i,k))
415               pres(i,k) = (rh(i,k)-1.)*(precr1/slope2(i,k)               &
416                        +precr2*work2(i,k)/coeres)/work1(i,k)
417               if(pres(i,k).lt.0.) then
418                 pres(i,k) = max(pres(i,k),-qrs(i,k)/dtcld)
419                 pres(i,k) = max(pres(i,k),satdt/2)
420               else
421                 pres(i,k) = min(pres(i,k),qrs(i,k)/dtcld)
422                 pres(i,k) = min(pres(i,k),satdt/2)
423               endif
424             endif
425           else
426 !
427 !----------------------------------------------------------------
428 !     cold rain process
429 !     paut: conversion(aggregation) of ice to snow(kgkg-1s-1)(rh83)
430 !     pgen: generation(nucleation) of ice from vapor(kgkg-1s-1)(rh83)
431 !     pacr: accretion rate of snow by ice(lin83)
432 !     pisd: deposition/sublimation rate of ice(rh83)
433 !     pres: deposition/sublimation rate of snow(lin83)
434 !
435             supcol = t0c-t(i,k)
436             ifsat = 0
437             n0sfac = min(exp(alpha*supcol),n0smax)
438             xnc = min(xn0 * exp(betai*supcol)/den(i,k),xncmax)
439 !
440             if(qrs(i,k).gt.qcrmin.and.qci(i,k).gt.qcrmin) then
441               eacrs = exp(0.025*(-supcol))
442               pacr(i,k) = pacrs*n0sfac*eacrs/slope2(i,k)/slope(i,k)     &
443                       /slopeb(i,k)*qci(i,k)*denfac(i,k)
444             endif
445 !
446             if(qci(i,k).gt.qcrmin) then
447               xmi = qci(i,k)*xnc
448               pisd(i,k) = 4.*dicon*sqrt(xmi)*den(i,k)*(rh(i,k)-1.)      &
449                         /work1(i,k)
450               if(pisd(i,k).lt.0.) then
451                 pisd(i,k) = max(pisd(i,k),satdt/2)
452                 pisd(i,k) = max(pisd(i,k),-qci(i,k)/dtcld)
453               else
454                 pisd(i,k) = min(pisd(i,k),satdt/2)
455               endif
456               if(abs(pisd(i,k)).ge.abs(satdt)) ifsat = 1
457             endif
458 !
459             if(qrs(i,k).gt.qcrmin.and.ifsat.ne.1) then
460               coeres = slope2(i,k)*sqrt(slope(i,k)*slopeb(i,k))
461               pres(i,k) = (rh(i,k)-1.)*n0sfac*(precs1/slope2(i,k)       &
462                         +precs2*work2(i,k)/coeres)/work1(i,k)
463               if(pres(i,k).lt.0.) then
464                 pres(i,k) = max(pres(i,k),-qrs(i,k)/dtcld)
465                 pres(i,k) = max(pres(i,k),satdt/2)
466               else
467                 pres(i,k) = min(pres(i,k),satdt/2)
468                 pres(i,k) = min(pres(i,k),qrs(i,k)/dtcld)
469               endif
470               if(abs(pisd(i,k)+pres(i,k)).ge.abs(satdt)) ifsat = 1
471             endif
472 !
473             if(supsat.gt.0.and.ifsat.ne.1) then
474               pgen(i,k) = max(0.,(xm0*xnc-max(qci(i,k),0.))/dtcld)
475               pgen(i,k) = min(pgen(i,k),satdt)
476             endif
477 !
478             if(qci(i,k).gt.qcrmin) paut(i,k)                           &
479                 = max(0.,(qci(i,k)-xmmax*xnc)/dtcld)
480           endif
481         enddo
482       enddo
483 !
484 !----------------------------------------------------------------
485 !     check mass conservation of generation terms and feedback to the
486 !     large scale
487 !
488       do k = kts, kte
489         do i = its, ite
490           qciik = max(qcrmin,qci(i,k))
491           delqci = (paut(i,k)+pacr(i,k)-pgen(i,k)-pisd(i,k))*dtcld
492           if(delqci.ge.qciik) then
493             facqci = qciik/delqci
494             paut(i,k) = paut(i,k)*facqci
495             pacr(i,k) = pacr(i,k)*facqci
496             pgen(i,k) = pgen(i,k)*facqci
497             pisd(i,k) = pisd(i,k)*facqci
498           endif
499           qik = max(qcrmin,q(i,k))
500           delq = (pres(i,k)+pgen(i,k)+pisd(i,k))*dtcld
501           if(delq.ge.qik) then
502             facq = qik/delq
503             pres(i,k) = pres(i,k)*facq
504             pgen(i,k) = pgen(i,k)*facq
505             pisd(i,k) = pisd(i,k)*facq
506           endif
507           work2(i,k) = -pres(i,k)-pgen(i,k)-pisd(i,k)
508           q(i,k) = q(i,k)+work2(i,k)*dtcld
509           qci(i,k) = max(qci(i,k)-(paut(i,k)+pacr(i,k)-pgen(i,k)     &
510                    -pisd(i,k))*dtcld,0.)
511           qrs(i,k) = max(qrs(i,k)+(paut(i,k)+pacr(i,k)               &
512                    +pres(i,k))*dtcld,0.)
513           if(t(i,k).lt.t0c) then
514             t(i,k) = t(i,k)-xls*work2(i,k)/cpm(i,k)*dtcld
515           else
516             t(i,k) = t(i,k)-xl(i,k)*work2(i,k)/cpm(i,k)*dtcld
517           endif
518         enddo
519       enddo
520 !
521       do k = kts, kte
522         do i = its, ite
523           qs(i,k) = fpvs(t(i,k),0,rd,rv,cpv,cliq,cice,xlv0,xls,psat,t0c)
524           qs(i,k) = ep2 * qs(i,k) / (p(i,k) - qs(i,k))
525           qs(i,k) = max(qs(i,k),qmin)
526           denfac(i,k) = sqrt(den0/den(i,k))
527         enddo
528       enddo
529 !
530 !----------------------------------------------------------------
531 !     condensational/evaporational rate of cloud water if there exists
532 !     additional water vapor condensated/if evaporation of cloud water
533 !     is not enough to remove subsaturation.
534 !     use fall bariable for this process(pcon)
535 !
536 !     if(lat.eq.latd) write(iun,603)
537       do k = kts, kte
538         do i = its, ite
539           work1(i,k) = conden(t(i,k),q(i,k),qs(i,k),xl(i,k),cpm(i,k))
540           work2(i,k) = qci(i,k)+work1(i,k)
541           pcon(i,k) = min(max(work1(i,k),0.),max(q(i,k),0.))/dtcld
542           if(qci(i,k).gt.qcrmin.and.work1(i,k).lt.0.and.t(i,k).gt.t0c)   &
543             pcon(i,k) = max(work1(i,k),-qci(i,k))/dtcld
544           q(i,k) = q(i,k)-pcon(i,k)*dtcld
545           qci(i,k) = max(qci(i,k)+pcon(i,k)*dtcld,0.)
546           t(i,k) = t(i,k)+pcon(i,k)*xl(i,k)/cpm(i,k)*dtcld
547 
548 !
549 !         if(lat.eq.latd.and.i.eq.lond) then
550 !           pgens(i,k) = pgens(i,k)+pgen(i,k)
551 !           pcons(i,k) = pcons(i,k)+pcon(i,k)
552 !           pisds(i,k) = pisds(i,k)+pisd(i,k)
553 !           pacrss(i,k) = pacrss(i,k)+pacr(i,k)
554 !           press(i,k) = press(i,k)+pres(i,k)
555 !           pauts(i,k) = pauts(i,k)+paut(i,k)
556 !           write(iun,604) k,p(i,k)/100.,                                   &
557 !             t(i,k)-t0c,t(i,k)-t1(i,k),q(i,k)*1000.,                       &
558 !             (q(i,k)-q1(i,k))*1000.,rh(i,k)*100.,pgens(i,k)*qdt,           &
559 !             pcons(i,k)*qdt,pisds(i,k)*qdt,pauts(i,k)*qdt,pacrss(i,k)*qdt, &
560 !             press(i,k)*qdt,qci(i,k)*1000.,qrs(i,k)*1000.
561 !         endif
562 
563         enddo
564       enddo
565 603   format(1x,'  k','     p',                                          &
566            '    t',' delt','    q',' delq','   rh',                      &
567            ' pgen',' pcon',' pisd',' paut',' pacr',' pres',              &
568            '  qci','  qrs')
569 604   format(1x,i3,f6.0,4f5.1,f5.0,8f5.2)
570 !
571 !----------------------------------------------------------------
572 !     compute the fallout term:
573 !     first, vertical terminal velosity for minor loops
574 !
575       do k = kts, kte
576         do i = its, ite
577           denfac(i,k) = sqrt(den0/den(i,k))
578         enddo
579       enddo
580 !
581       do k = kts, kte
582         do i = its, ite
583           if(qrs(i,k).le.qcrmin)then
584             slope(i,k) = lamdarmax
585             slopeb(i,k) = slope(i,k)**bvtr
586           else
587             if(t(i,k).ge.t0c) then
588               slope(i,k) = lamdar(qrs(i,k),den(i,k))
589               slopeb(i,k) = slope(i,k)**bvtr
590             else
591               supcol = t0c-t(i,k)
592               n0sfac = min(exp(alpha*supcol),n0smax)
593               slope(i,k) = lamdas(qrs(i,k),den(i,k),n0sfac)
594               slopeb(i,k) = slope(i,k)**bvts
595             endif
596           endif
597           slope2(i,k) = slope(i,k)*slope(i,k)
598         enddo
599       enddo
600 !
601       do i = its, ite
602         do k = kte, kts, -1
603           if(t(i,k).lt.t0c) then
604             pvt = pvts
605           else
606             pvt = pvtr
607           endif
608           work1(i,k) = pvt/slopeb(i,k)*denfac(i,k)
609           work2(i,k) = work1(i,k)/delz(i,k)
610           if(qrs(i,k).le.qcrmin) work2(i,k) = 0.
611           numdt = max(nint(work2(i,k)*dtcld+.5),1)
612           if(t(i,k).lt.t0c.and.qci(i,k).gt.qmin) then
613             work1c(i,k) = 3.29*(den(i,k)*qci(i,k))**0.16
614           else
615             work1c(i,k) = 0.
616           endif
617           if(qci(i,k).le.qmin) then
618             work2c(i,k) = 0.
619           else
620             work2c(i,k) = work1c(i,k)/delz(i,k)
621           endif
622           numdt = max(nint(work2c(i,k)*dtcld+.5),numdt)
623           if(numdt.ge.mstep(i)) mstep(i) = numdt
624         enddo
625         mstep(i) = min(mstep(i),mstepmax)
626       enddo
627 !
628 !     if(lat.eq.latd) write(iun,605)
629       do n = 1,mstepmax
630         k = kte
631           do i = its, ite
632             if(n.le.mstep(i)) then
633               falk(i,k) = den(i,k)*qrs(i,k)*work2(i,k)/mstep(i)
634               hold = falk(i,k)
635               fall(i,k) = fall(i,k)+falk(i,k)
636               holdrs = qrs(i,k)
637               qrs(i,k) = max(qrs(i,k)-falk(i,k)*dtcld/den(i,k),0.)
638               falkc(i,k) = den(i,k)*qci(i,k)*work2c(i,k)/mstep(i)
639               fallc(i,k) = fallc(i,k)+falkc(i,k)
640               qci(i,k) = max(qci(i,k)-falkc(i,k)*dtcld/den(i,k),0.)
641             endif
642           enddo
643         do k = kte-1, kts, -1
644           do i = its, ite
645             if(n.le.mstep(i)) then
646               falk(i,k) = den(i,k)*qrs(i,k)*work2(i,k)/mstep(i)
647               hold = falk(i,k)
648               fall(i,k) = fall(i,k)+falk(i,k)
649               holdrs = qrs(i,k)
650               qrs(i,k) = max(qrs(i,k)-(falk(i,k)                        &
651                         -falk(i,k+1)*delz(i,k+1)/delz(i,k))*dtcld/den(i,k),0.)
652               falkc(i,k) = den(i,k)*qci(i,k)*work2c(i,k)/mstep(i)
653               fallc(i,k) = fallc(i,k)+falkc(i,k)
654               qci(i,k) = max(qci(i,k)-(falkc(i,k)                       &
655                         -falkc(i,k+1)*delz(i,k+1)/delz(i,k))*dtcld/den(i,k),0.)
656             endif
657           enddo
658         enddo
659       enddo
660 605   format(1x,'  k','     p','    t','    q','   rh','     w',        &
661             '    vt','  falk','  falt','  qrsi','  qrsf',' mstep')
662 606   format(1x,i3,f6.0,2f5.1,f5.0,f6.2,5f6.2,i5)
663 !
664 !----------------------------------------------------------------
665 !     compute the freezing/melting term.
666 !     freezing occurs one layer above the melting level
667 !
668       do i = its, ite
669         mstep(i) = 0
670       enddo
671       do k = kts, kte
672 !
673         do i = its, ite
674           if(t(i,k).ge.t0c) then
675             mstep(i) = k
676           endif
677         enddo
678       enddo
679 !
680       do i = its, ite
681         if(mstep(i).ne.0.and.w(i,mstep(i)).gt.0.) then
682           work1(i,1) = float(mstep(i) + 1)
683           work1(i,2) = float(mstep(i))
684         else
685           work1(i,1) = float(mstep(i))
686           work1(i,2) = float(mstep(i))
687         endif
688       enddo
689 !
690       do i = its, ite
691         k  = nint(work1(i,1))
692         kk = nint(work1(i,2))
693         if(k*kk.ge.1) then
694           qrsci = qrs(i,k) + qci(i,k)
695           if(qrsci.gt.qcrmin.or.fall(i,kk).gt.0.) then
696             frzmlt = min(max(-w(i,k)*qrsci/delz(i,k),-qrsci/dtcld),    &
697                      qrsci/dtcld)
698             snomlt = min(max(fall(i,kk)/den(i,kk),-qrs(i,k)/dtcld),qrs(i,k)/dtcld)
699             if(k.eq.kk) then
700               t(i,k) = t(i,k) - xlf0/cpm(i,k)*(frzmlt+snomlt)*dtcld
701             else
702               t(i,k) = t(i,k) - xlf0/cpm(i,k)*frzmlt*dtcld
703               t(i,kk) = t(i,kk) - xlf0/cpm(i,kk)*snomlt*dtcld
704             endif
705  
706 !           if(lat.eq.latd.and.i.eq.lond) write(iun,608) k,t(i,k)-t0c, &
707 !             w(i,k),frzmlt*qdt,snomlt*qdt
708 
709           endif
710         endif
711       enddo
712  608  format(1x,'k = ',i3,' t = ',f5.1,' w = ',f6.2,' frz/mlt = ',f5.1, &
713                  ' snomlt = ',f5.1)
714 !
715 !----------------------------------------------------------------
716 !      rain (unit is mm/sec;kgm-2s-1: /1000*delt ===> m)==> mm for wrf
717 !
718       do i = its, ite
719         if(fall(i,1).gt.0.) then
720           rainncv(i) = fall(i,1)*delz(i,1)/denr*dtcld*1000.
721           rain(i) = fall(i,1)*delz(i,1)/denr*dtcld*1000.       &
722                   + rain(i)
723         endif
724       enddo
725 !
726 !     if(lat.eq.latd) write(iun,601) latd,lond,loop,rain(lond)
727  601  format(1x,' ncloud3 lat lon loop : rain(mm) ',3i6,f20.2)
728 !
729       enddo                  ! big loops
730 
731   END SUBROUTINE ncloud32D
732 ! ...................................................................
733       real function rgmma(x)
734 !-------------------------------------------------------------------
735   IMPLICIT NONE
736 !-------------------------------------------------------------------
737 !     rgmma function:  use infinite product form
738       REAL :: euler
739       parameter (euler=0.577215664901532)
740       REAL :: x, y
741       INTEGER :: i
742 
743       if(x.eq.1.)then
744         rgmma=0.
745           else
746         rgmma=x*exp(euler*x)
747         do i=1,10000
748           y=float(i)
749           rgmma=rgmma*(1.000+x/y)*exp(-x/y)
750         enddo
751         rgmma=1./rgmma
752       endif
753       END FUNCTION rgmma
754 !
755 !--------------------------------------------------------------------------
756       real function fpvs(t,ice,rd,rv,cvap,cliq,cice,hvap,hsub,psat,t0c)
757 !--------------------------------------------------------------------------
758       IMPLICIT NONE
759 !--------------------------------------------------------------------------
760       real t,rd,rv,cvap,cliq,cice,hvap,hsub,psat,t0c,dldt,xa,xb,dldti, &
761            xai,xbi,ttp,tr
762       INTEGER ice
763 ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
764       ttp=t0c+0.01
765       dldt=cvap-cliq
766       xa=-dldt/rv
767       xb=xa+hvap/(rv*ttp)
768       dldti=cvap-cice
769       xai=-dldti/rv
770       xbi=xai+hsub/(rv*ttp)
771       tr=ttp/t
772       if(t.lt.ttp.and.ice.eq.1) then
773         fpvs=psat*(tr**xai)*exp(xbi*(1.-tr))
774       else
775         fpvs=psat*(tr**xa)*exp(xb*(1.-tr))
776       endif
777 ! - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
778       END FUNCTION fpvs
779 
780 !-------------------------------------------------------------------
781   SUBROUTINE ncloud3init(den0,denr,dens,cl,cpv,allowed_to_read)
782 !-------------------------------------------------------------------
783   IMPLICIT NONE
784 !-------------------------------------------------------------------
785 !.... constants which may not be tunable
786 
787    REAL, INTENT(IN) :: den0,denr,dens,cl,cpv
788    LOGICAL,INTENT(IN) :: allowed_to_read
789    REAL :: pi
790 
791    pi = 4.*atan(1.)
792    xlv1 = cl-cpv
793 
794    qc0  = 4./3.*pi*denr*r0**3*xncr/den0  ! 0.419e-3 -- .61e-3
795    qck1 = .104*9.8*peaut/(xncr*denr)**(1./3.)/xmyu ! 7.03
796    bvtr1 = 1.+bvtr
797    bvtr2 = 2.5+.5*bvtr
798    bvtr3 = 3.+bvtr
799    bvtr4 = 4.+bvtr
800    g1pbr = rgmma(bvtr1)
801    g3pbr = rgmma(bvtr3)
802    g4pbr = rgmma(bvtr4)            ! 17.837825
803    g5pbro2 = rgmma(bvtr2)          ! 1.8273
804    pvtr = avtr*g4pbr/6.
805    eacrr = 1.0
806    pacrr = pi*n0r*avtr*g3pbr*.25*eacrr
807    precr1 = 2.*pi*n0r*.78
808    precr2 = 2.*pi*n0r*.31*avtr**.5*g5pbro2
809    xm0  = (di0/dicon)**2
810    xmmax = (dimax/dicon)**2
811 !
812    bvts1 = 1.+bvts
813    bvts2 = 2.5+.5*bvts
814    bvts3 = 3.+bvts
815    bvts4 = 4.+bvts
816    g1pbs = rgmma(bvts1)    !.8875
817    g3pbs = rgmma(bvts3)
818    g4pbs = rgmma(bvts4)    ! 12.0786
819    g5pbso2 = rgmma(bvts2)
820    pvts = avts*g4pbs/6.
821    pacrs = pi*n0s*avts*g3pbs*.25
822    precs1 = 4.*n0s*.65
823    precs2 = 4.*n0s*.44*avts**.5*g5pbso2
824    pidn0r =  pi*denr*n0r
825    pidn0s =  pi*dens*n0s
826 !
827   END SUBROUTINE ncloud3init
828 
829 END MODULE module_mp_ncloud3
830