:orphan: Version Updates for WRF Version 3 ================================= | .. _WRFV3.9.1.1: WRFV3.9.1.1 ----------- Bug Fixes +++++++++ **Dynamics** * Diffusion option (*diff_opt=2*) * Fixed file dyn_em/module_diffusion_em.F where some undefined k indices were used outside k loops, instead of kts. This affects the v-wind component computation in the y-direction at the surface over sloped terrain. | | | .. _WRFV3.9.1: WRFV3.9.1 --------- Improvements and Bug Fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Atmospheric Radiation* * swint_opt: This option interpolates solar radiation between radiation steps. At sunrise the method did not use cosine zenith angle information because it only used that when it had two times to interpolate from. This results in a flat shortwave value until the second radiation time after sunrise. The new method can use zenith angle with one time, so it improves the gradient at sunrise. * Fixed a bug to allow Ferrier microphysics to work with GFDL radiation in WRF ARW.. * Fixed a bug in radiation driver so that KF-CuP (cu_physics=10) clouds impact radiation. *Microphysics* * Thompson (mp_physics = 8,28): Fixed uninitialized snow moment arrays, fixed rate_max calculation for frozen categories where density is missing, possible mass conservation voilation. (*Thanks to Greg Thompson of NCAR*) * P3 (mp_physics = 50,51): Fixed table calculation that results in bad values, and prevented overdepletion of supersaturation during condensation calculation if long time steps are used (~ 1 min). If you're using this scheme in V3.9, get a new table from V3.9.1 (p3_lookup_table_1.dat). Also, P3 is recommended to use ONLY with RRTMG radiation. (*Thanks to Hugh Morrisoni*) *Cumulus* * Grell-Freitas: Fixed a bug that double counts convective ice cloud when cu_rad_feedback is on. (*Thanks to Laura Fowler of NCAR*) * G3: Fixed a compile problem due to incorrect calling of 'random_seed when using some versions of gfortran. *Land Surface and surface layer physics* * NoahMP (sf_surface_physics=4): Fixed two sign errors in the initialization code for psisat. Also removes two unused arrays from the registry and initialization code and fixed FANGLE parameter calculation. (*Thanks to Mike Barlage of NCAR and Gonzalo Miguez-Macho of U. Santiago de Compostela, Spain*) * RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3): Improved a problem with initializing this option with GFS/NAM soil data. Before this fix, surface and boundary layer could be significant cooler and wetter when RUC LSM is initialized with GFS/NAM data. This fix improves, but does not remove the biases completely. Use with caution. (*Thanks to Tanya Smirnova of NOAA*) * PX surface layer: Changed T* calculation to use virtual potential temp at all time steps instead just the first (*Thanks to Jon Pleim and Robert Gilliams of EPA*). * Revised MM5 surface layer: Fixed calculation of PSIT and PSIQ when COARE formula is used in this scheme to be consistent with the general revision made for this scheme. Water surface only. | **Dynamics** *Diffusion option (diff_opt = 2)* * Fixed two mapscale factors in horizontal diffusion for scalars, which affects lat-lon projection (*Thanks to Katie Lundquist of LLNL*). * Fixed the slope term that should be outside the vertical derivative (*Thanks to Pedro Jimenez of NCAR/RAL*). | **Initialization/Ndown** * Program real: Fixed map scale factor assignmeent at the northern and southern edges of a regional rotated lat/lon domain. * Program real: When using surface_input_source option other than 1, set urban parameters properly if they are generated from geogrid. * Program ndown: Fixed the bug when physics suite is used in the coarse domain run. | **Software** * Fixed a dependency bug on a removed file (module_diag_afwa_hail.F) | | | .. _WRFV3.9: WRFV3.9 ------- .. note:: V3.9 WRF can use wrfinput and wrfbdy files from V3.6 to 3.8 versions. If you are interested in trying the new hybrid vertical coordinate option, then you must rerun program real.exe. | New in Version 3.9 ++++++++++++++++++ **Hybrid sigma-pressure vertical coordinate** |br| A hybrid sigma-pressure vertical coordinate is added to WRF as an option. This coordinate is terrain-following near the surface, and gradually transitions to constant pressure at higher levels. In V3.9, this is an option that requires special compile ('configure -hyb') and namelist option to activate (hybrid_opt=2). See README.hybrid_vert_coord for details. | **Physics** * Physics Suites: Introduced a new way to set physics options by using 'physics_suite' namelist. The physics options covered by the suite specification are mp_physics, cu_physics, bl_pbl_physics, sf_sfclay_physics, sf_surface_physics, ra_sw_physics and ra_lw_physics. Instead of setting these six separate options, a single suite namelist (physics_suite) sets them all. Two well-tested suites are provided in this release: "CONUS" and "TROPICAL". Any option can be overwritten by directly including the particular physics option in the namelist. * P3 microphysics: Predicted Particle Property scheme (Morrison and Milbrandt, 2015, JAS). This scheme represents ice-phase microphysics by several physical properties in space and time. The four prognostic variables are mixing ratios of total mass, rimed ice mass, rimed ice volume, and number. The liquid phase is double moment rain and ice. The scheme is coupled to RRTMG radiation. 10 cm radar reflectivity diagnosed. Uses data file, p3_lookup_table_1.dat, provided in run/. mp_physics = 50: basic scheme, mp_physics = 51: As in 50 but adds supersaturation dependent activation and double-moment cloud water. * Noah-MP: [*Thanks to Mike Barlage (NCAR), Francisco Salamanca (Arizona State), Yizhou Zhang (IUM), Xing Liu (Purdue), Gonzalo Miguez-Macho (Santiago de Compostela)*] * Urban physics added to NoahMP. * Making groundwater input data available via geogrid to NoahMP converts what was an auxiliary input dataset that had to be created by the groundwater module developer (Gonzalo Miguez-Macho) to datasets created in WPS. Allows for general use with global applications to activate groundwater model. * Added crop-related input data in the existing Noah-MP module. Adds four additional variables: croptype (% of corn,soybean,wheat,cotton coverage), planting (seed planting date), harvest (harvest date), and season_gdd (climatological growing degree days over crop season). croptype is used in the subroutine noahmp_init to determine crop species on the grid cell. The crop module was added in V3.8; these mods allow for an increased functionality: ability to run specific crops (users can modify crop specifics in MPTABLE) and to run non-crop on non-crop grids. * Stochastic Parameterization Schemes: (*Thanks to Judith Berner of NCAR*) * Stochastically perturbed physics tendencies (SPPT) (sppt=1): A random pattern is used to perturb the accumulated physics tendencies (except those from micro-physics) of potential temperature, wind and humidity (Berner et al., 2015 MWR). * Stochastically perturbed parameter scheme (SPP) (spp=1): A random pattern is used to perturb parameters in selected physics packages, currently the GF convection scheme, the MYNN boundary layer scheme and the RUC LSM. Parameter perturbations to a single physics package can be achieved by setting spp_conv=1, spp_pbl=1 or spp_lsm=1 (Jankov et al. 2016, MWR). | **Others** * Added new 30 arc second global, 16 soil category datasets (based on Beijing Normal University's). (*Thanks to Mike Barlage of NCAR*) | | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** * RAP/HRRR Physics: (Thanks to Joe Olson, Tanya Smirnova, Georg Grell and others at GSD/NOAA)* * MYNN PBL (bl_pbl_physics=5,6) and MYNN surface layer (sf_sfclay_physics=5): * Modification to the mass-flux scheme to improve match to LES and improve HRRR. The multi-plume mass-flux scheme was using 10 plumes at all times, but now, the number is dependent on the grid spacing (only using the smaller plumes at high-resolution - sub 1.3 km) and PBL (only using the larger plumes as the PBL has been develops) structure. The subgrid clouds for the mass-flux scheme were also improved by switching to the exact form of Chaboureau & Bechtold (2005) as opposed to an approximate form. The stratus component of the subgrid clouds (Chaboureau and Bechtold 2002) was also modified to improve areal coverage and reduce the excessive liquid water content in subgrid-scale ice clouds. * Added the use of the stochastic parameterization perturbation (from Judith Berner). The method has option to perturb the subgrid clouds, mixing lengths, mass-flux, and the thermal roughness lengths. This is ongoing research. * Modified mixing length to improve surface wind under stable conditions (bl_mynn_mixlength = 2). * RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics = 3): * Added option for stochastic perturbation of soil moisture. * Make the transpiration function now includes dependence on solar angle to reduce overestimated transpiration at sunset, moist bias in 2-m dewpoint. * More accurate treatment of water dripping from the canopy in case of mixed-phase precipitation: frozen portion of drip is added to snow accumulated on the ground, and the liquid portion is added to water infiltrating into soil. * Apply "mosaic" snow not only during the melting season, but also with cold temperatures when snow fraction is less than 0.75 to reduce cold/dry bias over thin snow under conditions of night-time radiative cooling. * Modifications in 2-m T diagnostics: reduced threshold value of exchange coefficient when 2-m T is set equal to the first atm. level. The old threshold could cause a warm bias in 2-m T during the night hours. * Added new variable - accumulated surface runoff - ACRUNOFF. * Grell-Freitas (cu_physics=3): * This is a rework and clean-up of the GF parameterization. The original module is now broken into three pieces to be able to keep the routine for deep and shallow convection identical between different models (used in various regional and global models). The driver is wrf specific. Many unused arrays were removed in the resulting three modules. Some options were refined. Additionally, the following are added. * Momentum transport (as in ECMWF). * Different cloud water detrainment options (c1 constant). * A Beta PDF to approximate normalized vertical mass flux. * If perturbation patterns can be supplied (temporal and special correlations), 6 different stochastic options (4 for closure assumptions, one for vertical mass flux, one for momentum transport) The scale awareness has not changed, but in general this version will produce different results. (Publication is under preparation). *Cumulus* * NSAS scheme (cu_physics = 14): fixed a bug for non-zero cudt that makes the time step used in the schemes (deep and shallow) and for tendency calculation consistent. Small fix in indexing when height field was used. [*Thanks to Sebastien Masson (LOCEAN - IPSL, Univ. Pierre et Marie Curie, France), Jihyeon Jang (NCAR), and Kun Liu (CMA, China)*]. * New Tiedtke (cu_physics = 16): Making the non-equilibrium convection the default, and minor update to reduce light rain. (*Thanks to Chunxi Zhang of U. of Hawaii*) *Microphysics* * NSSL scheme: (*Thanks to Ted Mansell of NSSL*) * The 2-moment schemes (mp_physics = 17, 18, or 22) now create number concentration tendencies from cumulus scheme mass mixing ratio rates, when active (similar to Morrison scheme). * Restored older settings that allow snow aggregation starting at T > -25C (instead of T > -12, resulting in slightly higher reflectivity in stratiform regions). * Adjusted Meyers number of activated nuclei by the local air density to compensate for using data at surface. * Minor updates to rain-ice crystal and hail-rain collection efficiencies. * Thompson aerosol scheme (mp_physics = 28): * There is an adjustment with the aerosol-aware scheme to account for number concentration of dust to alter from physical air temperature to the 'effective temperature' that gets used as part of the probability of freezing water drops into either cloud ice or graupel. The bug could create a negative number for something that should remain always positive. The total overall effect of the bug is quite limited due to the small temperature range of about zero to 3 degrees C and for specific range of the incoming ice nuclei variable (QNIFA). * The change is in subroutine freezeH2O, which creates a static look-up table, freezeH2O.dat, also placed in the run directory. For WRF version 3.7 or later, a user should remove existing freezeH2O.dat file in the run directory, and let the model re-create it after making code change. For 3.6 and 3.6.1, contact wrfhelp. *Planetary boundary layer and surface layer physics* * topo_wind=1 option: Improvement of wind simulation during day-time by considering stability effect [*Thanks to Raquel Lorente (formerly RAL) and Pedro Jimenez (RAL)*] * topo_wind: check to see if VAR_SSO field is available to use topo_wind option. * Replacing rovcp with rcp (from module_model_constants.F, minor difference) for a few surface layer and LSM options: SCM, TEMF surface layer, RUC LSM, and ideal SCM surface layer options. (*Thanks to the report by Tanya Smirnova*) * sf_sfclay_physics = 1, 91: Set a limit for ZNT over water under high wind conditions, the same way as in ISFTCFLX option. * Fixed a bug to allow the revised MM5-surface layer scheme (now sf_sfclay_physics = 1) to work with seaice. * The pressure used by these physics options are changed to hydrostatic pressure from dry hydrostatic pressure: YSU PBL, Shin-Hong PBL, and gravity wave drag. *Land Surface physics* * NoahMP: Fixed a problem with strange, unstable soil moisture performance in special cases of high precipitation (*Thanks to National Water Model team and Mike Barlage of RAL/NCAR*). Fixed an uninitialized variable FH2 for case SFC_DIF=2. * Noah: Fixed a minor bug in snow melting when the amount is small (snow cover fraction < 0.01); Increased CHS lower limit to 1.E-2 from 1.E-4 for urban areas to maintain stability and make Noah consistent with Noah-MP. * Urban physics (1): Fixed a minor bug in the green-roof option to allow for surface-energy closure condition. The problem occurs in very dry conditions, and when time step is small. (*Thanks to Jiachun Yang, Princeton Univ.*) *Ocean* * Fixed a bug to accommodate surface current from a coupled ocean model (with YSU PBL) (*Thanks to Sebastien Masson of France*). * sf_ocean_physics = 1: Allow simple mixed layer ocean model to use just the climatological mixed layer depth data by setting oml_hml0 = 0 (Need to provide the climatological data). *Radiation* * Fixed a minor bug for 3-domain restart with RRTMG plus CAM ozone input (o3input = 2). This may affect restart results after V3.7 when o3input = 2 became default. * Fixed a major bug with Ferrier-Hi-Res microphysics for ARW and its use with CAM radiation option. * Fixed a major bug for cloud fraction calculation when using WSM3 and Kessler schemes: cloud was ignored when these MP schemes are used. Error introduced in V3.8. * FLG: Fixed a minor bug that should check if the temperature is greater than 345 K rather than 320 K. (*Thanks to Gu of UCLA*) *Others* * All physics tendencies (RTHCUTEN, RTHCUTEN, RTHRATEN, etc.) are now output without coupling to column pressure. * HAILCAST model updated and controlled by new option hailcast_opt (*Thanks to Becky Adams-Selin AER*) * Trajectory diagnostics: The original "trajectory" code in routine module_em.F only computed the trajectory spatial coordinates per trajectory, per time step. The new code, in share/module_trajectory.F, linearly interpolates in x,y, and z to get the value of up 100 variables per trajectory per time step. (*Thanks to ACOM team of NCAR*) * icloud = 3: Further tuning with CONUS 10 and 3.3 km grid over a one-year (2015) period (52 simulations). (*Thanks to Greg Thompson, Mei Xu and Pedro Jimenez of NCAR/RAL*) * RASM diagnostics: time averaging and diurnal averaging of many surface variables and radiative fluxes at model top. (*Thanks to the RASM team at CU)*. * Gravity wave drag (gwd_opt=1): If the map projection has a large rotation angle anywhere within the domain ("rotation" is directly from the sina variable in the WRF input and output, and "large" means greater than a default value of 22.5 degrees), notify the user and stop. The original GWD data has information at four directions, each separated by 45o angles. Therefore anything larger than a 22.5o projection rotation (usually only violated in parts of the coarsest domain) means that the wind components are using the wrong topographic directional information. For the determined user, the namelist variable max_rot_angle_gwd = 100 (really, anything greater than 90o) will always permit GWD to be used, regardless of the projection. * Bug fixes for grid_sfdda = 2 (or FASDAS option). (*Thanks to Tim Glotfelty and Kiran Alapaty of EPA*) * Fixed a dimension error in lightning option iccg_pr93 (iccg_method=3) (*Thanks to Josh Laughner UC Berkeley*) * sst_update: if turned on, io_form_auxinput4 and auxinput4_interval are checked to warn user if they are not set. * Fixed a minor bug with diag_print option: for small time steps, it can fail. * Diagnostic arrays reset after DFI. (*Thanks to Tanya Smirnova of NOAA*) * Adaptive time stepping: improvement for small time steps (sub-second) (*Thanks to Brian Reen of ARL*); Made it work with regional rotated lat/lon grid. * Fixed a bug for restart when tmn_update is used. Variable TLAG was left out of restart file (*Thanks to Heimo Truhetz of Univ of Graz, Austria*) | **Initialization (real) and nesting** * Added capability to interpolate a dataset with different vertical dimension (e.g. QNWFA, QNIFA) than the primary meteorological dataset. This changes the way this data can be used for aerosol input for Thompson scheme. Click here for the updates. * Added mixing ratio as a possible input field (previous only RH and specific humidity are ok), and this allows WRF take IC/BC from MPAS. * real.exe: collect multiple error checks before abort; improved error message to assist debuging. * real and wrf: checks added for mixed layer ocean and input, gwd and input, urban and input. Changing these options require rerun of real.exe. * Fixed a bug for interpolated nest that is located over dateline. (Reported by Milan Curcic of U Miami). | **Namelist Change** The options in several namelist templates have been changed or updated. | **Dynamics** * Speedup pd-limiter advection (default), WENO, and WENOPD by rearranging some loops in the code (*Thanks to Negin Sobhani of U of Iowa and Davide Del Vento of NCAR*) * WENO advection options: added potential temperature. Also fixed a bug for backward integration in DFI. * Fixed a minor bug in using TKE option in periodic BC in order to get bit-for-bit results when comparing MPI and serial results. (Reported by Bill Gustafson of PNNL and Pedro Jimenez of RAL). * Fixed a minor bug in diagnostic surface sensible heat flux calculation for idealized cases (isfflx=0 or 2). The constant used should be cpm, not cp. * Fixed a bug in diffusion calculation (diff_opt = 2, introduced in 3.8.1) for lat/lon grid. | **Software** * Changed default netCDF file support for large files. To turn large file support off, set environment variable WRFIO_NCD_NO_LARGE_FILE_SUPPORT instead. * Corrected a bug for computing the total number of tiles. (Thaks to Samuel Elliot of CU) * Fixed a bug for io_quilting: add missing argument. No effect. * Tools added to compare registry and README.namelist to catch mis-stated dimensions. (*Thanks initially to a script provided by Sebastien Masson of France*). * Ocean coupler: mechanism added to accommodate users who may not want to couple all variables. (*Thanks to Sebastien Masson of France*) | | | .. _WRFV3.8.1: WRFV3.8.1 --------- Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Atmospheric Radiation* * RRTMG longwave option (ra_lw_physics = 4,24): Redefine top of atmosphere to be at 0 mb for ACLW* diagnostics. * Goddard radiation (ra_sw_physics=5): Reduces clear-sky high bias in surface shortwave flux by using an improved water vapor table (*Thanks to Xiaohui Zhong of UCSD*). * icloud=3: further update to improve the scheme (*Thanks to Greg Thompson of NCAR*) *Microphysics* * Thompson (mp_physics = 8,28) (*Thanks to Greg Thompson of NCAR*) * Change in RSLF and RSIF function for super low pressure (5-10mb) at high altitude to prevent negative sat. vapor pressure (thanks to Laura Fowler at NCAR). * A series of changes related to rain number concentration to get better rain mean size as compared to radar (Zdr) and disdrometer data in convective and tropical cyclone studies (*thanks to Bonnie Brown of U of Hawaii*) * Improvement to diagnostic graupel Y-intercept parameter to avoid large graupel in typical wintertime ice pellet conditions (*thanks to Glen Romine of NCAR*). * A set of changes to ice initiation, particularly removal of Phillips parameterization and return to DeMott (2010) dust scheme tryi ng to improve near-tropopause ice clouds for RAP/HRRR (*thanks to Jared Lee of NCAR*). * Fix uninitialized snow arrays (*thanks to Tanya Smirnova of NOAA*). * WSM, WDM schemes: (mp_physics = 3,4,6,14,16): Make snow ratio calculation (SR) more exact. * HUJI SBM schemes (mp_physics = 30, 32): Add time-step rainnc from these schemes for use in land models. Fix occasional blowup in full SBM (*thanks to Jin-Fang Yin*) * Morrison scheme (mp_physics = 10): Gas constant changed from 8.3187 to 8.3145 (but not used) (Thanks to Hugh Morrison) *Cumulus* * Zhang-McFarlane schems (cu_physics=7): Fix a bug in calculation of time-step rainc passed to land model from Zhang-McFarlane if cudt isn't set to 0. (Thanks to Bill Gustafson of PNNL) * New Tiedtke (cu_physics=16): (Thanks to Chunxi Zhang of U of Hawaii). * Added an option isequil to control the closure. The default option removes all CAPE during a convective adjustment time. The alternative is a non-equilibrium option that dependent on boundary layer forcing; (An updated version that uses the non-equilibrium assumption can be downloaded here) * The entrainment rate for the testing parcel for shallow convection is increased, which may slightly reduce shallow convective grid points; * The estimate for the model levels for the lowest 60hPa and 350hPa is replaced by an accurate method; * The occasional negative humidities at the downdraft top and cloud top are improved. *Planetary boundary layer* * MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics = 5,6): (Thanks to Joe Olson of NOAA). * Bug fix with icloud_bl = 1 (default): not to add subgrid clouds to grid boxes that have already resolved clouds; * mass-flux scheme from TEMF is more stable now; * reduce the mass-flux in JPL's scheme; * fix an array out-of-bound error (Thanks to Brian Reen of ARL) *Land Surface physics* * NoahMP (sf_surface_physics=4): (Thanks to Mike Barlage of RAL/NCAR) * Default run_off option is changed from 1 (SIMGM) to 3 (Schaake96) to avoid accumulation errors in long simulations. It will change model results. * Crop model can be activated now with an updated MPTABLE.TBL. * Prevent over flow in calculation of wood carbon pool fraction (only affects when dynamic vegetation on) * Prevent divide by zero when soil moisture goes to zero (affects all options) * Prevent divide by zero (and negative values) in exchange coefficient calculation (only affects opt_sfc = 2, not default) * Fix incorrect assumption on units of CH (only affects when coupled with MYJ-like WRF sfcdif options) * RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3): (Thanks to Tanya Smirnova of NOAA) * Min/max for snow density are changed to 76.9 and 500 everywhere for consistency. * Use of logical parameter myj=.false. or .true. in flux diagnostics to make QFX and LH consistent with each other for surface layer schemes other than MYJ. * Bug fix in sub-surface runoff. * Reduced water interception by the canopy. | **Dynamics** * Diffusion option (diff_opt = 2): allow diffusion to conserve scalars (at least over flat terrain). (Thanks to Stefen Tulich of NOAA) | **Initialization/Others** * DFI: fixes a problem with using MYNN PBL. Added surface pressure calculation during DFI. * Add max map-scale factor print in standard model output | **Software** * Improves compile time on Fujitsu * fixes an compiler error on Fujitsh (Thanks to C.G. Li of Fujitsu). * fixes a real*8 compilation error for RRTMG. | | | .. _WRFV3.8: WRFV3.8 ------- .. note:: V3.8 WRF can use wrfinput and wrfbdy files from V3.6 and 3.7 versions. Please note that the VEGPARM.TBL and URBPARM.TBL in run/ are updated in V3.8, and must be used with 3.8 code. | New in Version 3.8 ++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** * Kain-Fritsch cumulus potential scheme (cu_physics=10): This scheme modifies the Kain-Fritsch ad-hoc trigger function with one linked to boundary layer turbulence via probability density function using the cumulus potential scheme of Berg and Stull (2005) (Berg et al. 2013 MWR). (Thanks to Jerome Fast and Balwinder Singh of PNNL) (details) * A new option for climatological aerosol and RRTMG radiation interaction (aer_opt = 3): This option makes use of climatological water- and ice-friendly aerosol already used by Thompson (mp_physics=28) option as input to RRTMG. It currently only works with mp_physics = 28. (Thanks to Greg Thompson and Trude Eidhammer of NCAR/RAL) | **Others** * Added a new flux-adjusting surface data nudging scheme (Alapaty et al. (2008, JAMC). Note that a special version of OBSGRID is required for this option. Read more. (Thanks to Kiran Alapaty and Jian He of EPA) * Added a new 30 arc second topography data that replaces the old 30 sec TOPO. | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Microphysics* * Thompson: (Thanks to Greg Thompson of NCAR/RAL) * Fix non-aerosol-aware value of cloud droplet number concentration units of per kg, not per cubic meter. * Updated snow terminal velocity while melting making it slower because it too rapidly fell at typical rain velocities. * Remedy a mis-match for recently coupled cloud physics water/ice sizes computed explicitly in microphysics with lower minimum values similar to default a priori table values. * WSM, WDM schemes: bug fix in melting term with a density factor. WDM6 also was fixed for a bug that will increase graupel and decreases rain a bit above melting layer (Thanks to Sooya Bae of KIAPS, S. Korea) * NSSL 2-moment scheme: Updated (Thanks to Ted Mansell of NSSL) * Fixed issue with reflectivity conservation for graupel melting into rain. Rain number concentrations were too low, resulting in excessive reflectivity of a couple dBZ. * Turned off diagnostic meltwater on graupel for reflectivity (more realistic results). * Changed vapor ice nucleation back to Meyers-Ferrier method (original scheme). * Reduced snow aggregration efficiency and restricted aggregation to higher temperatures (assuming dendrites and mechanical aggregation). * Helped performance in sedimentation with flag "do_accurate_sedimentation" to control recalculation of fall speeds when more than one sub-time step is needed (often happens with large time steps and small dz near the ground):. * Increased maximum mean droplet radius from 40 to 60 microns, which alleviates spurious number concentration increases at low CCN concentration. * Updates for compatibility with WRF-NMM. * Fixed snow fall speeds. * Fixed a duplicate factor from hail reflectivity that was causing a loss of about 6 dBZ. * SBM: Fixed CCN and landmask issues in initializing them. (Thanks to Barry Lynn of The Institute of the Earth Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Isaral) *Cumulus* * New Tiedtke (cu_physics=16): (Thanks to Chunxi Zhang of U. of Hawaii) * Improved water budget by considering the effect of precipitation difference in downdraft in tendencies. * Allowing cloud water to change to rain water at all cloud levels when cloud water is greater than a threshold. * Increasing entrainment rate for deep convection. * Reducing entrainment in downdraft from 3.e-4 to 2.e-4. * Allowing for entrainment only when buoyancy is positive. * Kain-Fritsch schemes (cu_physics = 1, 11, 99): can output updraft and downdraft detrainment/entrainment rates. It is activated by namelist option kf_edrates = 1.(Thanks to Jeremiah Johnson, Envrioncorp) *Planetary boundary layer and surface layer physics* * YSU and Shin-Hong PBLs: background diffusion was reduced, which helps removing a large cold bias at the model top layer. (Thanks to Songyou Hong of KIAPS, Korea) * ACM2 PBL: RMOL updated after initial calculation in the PX-SFCLAY.(Thanks to Roberb Gilliam and Jon Pleim of EPA) * MYNN PBL: (Thanks to Joe Olson, Jaymes Kenyon and Wayne Angevine of NOAA) * Added subgrid scale cloud output for coupling to radiation schemes (default on: icloud_bl =1 in phys namelist). * Added WRF_DEBUG prints (at level 3000) * Added Tripoli and Cotton (1981) correction. * Added namelist option bl_mynn_cloudmix to test effect of mixing cloud species (default on). * Added mass-flux option (bl_mynn_edmf, = 1 for StEM, 2 for TEMF). This option is off by default (=0). Related (hidden) options: * bl_mynn_edmf_mom = 1 : activate momentum transport in MF scheme * bl_mynn_edmf_tke = 1 : activate TKE transport in MF scheme * bl_mynn_edmf_part= 1 : activate areal partitioning of ED & MF * Added mixing length option (bl_mynn_mixlength) * Added more sophisticated saturation checks, following Thompson scheme * Added new cloud PDF option (bl_mynn_cloudpdf = 2) from Chaboureau and Bechtold (2002, JAS, with mods) * Added capability to mix chemical species when env variable WRF_CHEM = 1, thanks to Wayne Angevine. * Added scale-aware mixing length, following Junshi Ito (Ito et al. 2015, BLM). *Land Surface physics* * NoahMP: (Thanks to Mike Barlage of RAL/NCAR) * fixed a bug in the OPT_STC=3, where it was effectively reproducing OPT_STC=1 results. * added a glacier option (OPT_GLA) based on the simple Noah glacier code. * added soil/snow surface resistance options (OPT_RSF) * added vegetation fraction and LAI options (OPT_DVEG) to cover different combination of reading input, reading tables and calculating vegetation * fixed accumulated snow (Thanks to Robert Rozumalski of UCAR/COMET) * Noah: * added option (opt_thcnd) for calculation of soil thermal conductivity for soil type 3 (sandy loam) and 4 (silt loam) based on results in Massey, et al (2014; JAMC) (Thanks to Jason Knievel of NCAR/RAL and Jeff Massey of Climate Corporation) * fixes high-frequency oscillations in LH flux seen in time series output over snow * Fixed Noah glacial and sea-ice to allow negative moisture flux * Urban physics: * added generic specification of urban land classes to tables * reorganized urban tables (must use new URBPARM*TBL) * a,b fix the bug when NLCD40 category data is used with urban physics options (Thanks for the report by Jeff Massey of Climate Corporation) * urban physics must be used for all domains * fixed a memory bug associated with urban physics options BEM and BEP (Thanks for a report by Yizhou Zhang of IUM, China) * RUC LSM: modification of snow fraction computation for the urban category with updated VEGPARM.TBL. Minor bug fixes in diagnostics. (Thanks to ESRL/NOAA) * PX LSM: Surface water vapor mixing ratio calculation added for land surface, which is passed to PX-SFCLAY for use over all non-water and non-frozen surfaces. Also PAR function and impact on transpiration modified according to Echer et al.(2015). (Thanks to Robert Gilliam and Jon Pleim of EPA) * SSiB: Correct a bug that causes aerodynamic conductance less or equal to zero in some cases. (Thanks to Fernando de Sales of UCLA) *Ocean* * Simple mixed-layer ocean: added relaxation time for mixed-layer ocean model. * 3D ocean: Added missing latent heat flux in heat budget; corrected the sign of salinity contribution to moisture flux. (Thanks to Camila Gomes of Florida Tech) *Radiation* * FLG: Fixed a problem with diagnostic radiation tendency output. (Thanks to Gu of UCLA) *WRF-Hydro 4.0: (more info)* The WRF-Hydro 4.0 will be released in May 2016, following WRF 3.8 release. This version has many enhanced features and new physical options compared to the previous release. The updated NoahMP offline package provides consistent NoahMP land surface model physics with WRF 3.8 version. WRF-Hydro 4.0 also adds two new channel routing options: NCAR Reach based channel routing and the RAPID model, driven by WRF-Hydro interface. The optimization of memory usage allows WRF_hydro 4.0 users to be able to run very high resolutions over large domains. The split of different terrain routing time step and channel routing step allows user to use larger time steps for terrain routing compared to channel routing time steps and ultimately improves the computing time. More details will be addressed in the official WRF-Hydro 4.0 release documents. *Others* * icloud = 3: fixed a significant bug that caused excessive cloud estimate. (Thanks to Greg Thompson of NCAR/RAL) * Add a new namelist, use_mp_re, to control the interaction between effective radii computed in some microphysics with RRTMG radiation. * Hail diagnostics: Increased the threshold for the number concentration for hail/graupel. (Thanks to Greg Thompson of NCAR/RAL) * Topo shading: Remove some shadowmask initialization to -1, and avoid night-time shadowmask values in MPI runs. * CAM physics (PBL, Cu, Shcu): Make conversion factors between specific humidity and mixing ratio exact. This affects moisture and cloud tendencies. * Observation nudging: fixed a runtime error when nesting with more than 3 domains and Thompson scheme are used. (Thanks to Brian Reen of ARL) * Analysis nudging: fixed an error that resulted in the incorrect analysis being nudged towards the ramp-down period. Added checks to ensure the options selected are actually supported. (Thanks to Brian Reen of ARL) | **Moving nests** * The limitation to use less than 55 vertical levels has been removed. (Thanks to Sam Trahan and John Michalakes of NCEP) | **Initialization/BC/IO/namelist** * All idealized initialization modules: the perturbation height calculation are modified to use "dnw," rather than "1./rdnw," making it the same as in start_em. This does change the round-off of the calculation, hence the model results (Thanks Katie Lundquist of LLNL) * vertical refinement in nest: updated and improved (Thanks Katie Lundquist of LLNL) * Specified boundary conditions: reset spec_bdy_final_mu = 1, which no longer causes restart issue with nest application. * ndown: added scalar coupling in lateral boundary file. * new namelist default: the default values for the following namelists have been changed: * num_land_cat = 21 (from 24) * lagday = 150 (from 0) | **Dynamics** * Option use_theta_m = 1 works with nests. Implementation is improved to reduce round-off inaccuracy. * Fixed an extrapolation error for top_lid option. * Fixed an error with LES sfs_opt = 1 and 2. (Thanks to Jeff Mirocha of LLNL) | **Software** * Nested run performance was improved by not doing allocating / deallocating intermediate domains. (Thanks to SGI and Fujitsu) * sint: optimized, but little impact on performance except on Fujitsu (Thanks to Fujitsu) * New compile option for Mac OSX using CLANG (Thanks to Dominikus Heinzeller of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany) * Bug fixes. | | | .. _WRFV3.7.1: WRFV3.7.1 --------- .. note:: V3.7.1 WRF can use wrfinput and wrfbdy files from V3.6 version. Please note that the VEGPARM.TBL in run/ is updated in V3.7, and must be used with 3.7 and 3.7.1 code. | Improvements and Bug Fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Atmospheric Radiation* * Fast RRTMG longwave option (ra_lw_physics = 24): fix to give correct results. Do not use the fast version of longwave scheme in 3.7. Some code clean-up for the fast shortwave option (24) (Thanks to John Michalakes of NOAA) * Radiation diagnostic output: fix to get meaningful diffuse fraction when the new Goddard radiation ra_sw_physics=5) is used. *Microphysics* * NSSL 2-moment scheme: (Thanks to Ted Mansell of NSSL) * a correction in the number concentration of new rain drops from melting snow. * added code to check for overdepletion of snow (i.e., prevent negative mixing ratios). * fixed the hail production term if a user changes the default value of 'ifrzg' (no effect on standard configuration). * Minor fix in the graupel reflectivity (again if user changes a default option) (no effect on standard configuration). * Changes cloud droplet terms to be correct in case ice crystals are chosen to be plates rather than columns (no effect on standard configuration). * Hail size diagnostic output: adjust threshold value to give larger sizes. *Cumulus* * KF-type schems (cu_physics=1,11): fix to correctly detrain frozen species to microphysics schemes that do not have QICE array, but QSNOW only (e.g. Ferrier-type schemes) (Thanks to Evelyn Grell of NOAA) * Tiedtke (cu_physics=6): change two constants, cmfctop and cprcon, back to 3.6 values (these parameters are tunable). * MSKF scheme (cu_physics=11): fix to correct a dry bias in the MSKF scheme. Modificatin to the grid-scale vertical motion is removed (Thanks to EPA). *Planetary boundary layer and surface layer physics* * Revised MM5 surface layer schemes (sf_sfclay_physics = 1): fix a out-of-bounds issue. * Improved messages about compatability between PBL and surface layer options. * Shin-Hong PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics = 11): fix for computing scale-dependency function for vapor mixing ratio to be multiplied by the vertical flux rather than vapor mixing ratio tendency. *Land Surface physics* * NoahMP (sf_surface_physics=4): fix OpenMP problem with NoahMP - previously NoahMP does not work correctly with OpenMP. (Thanks to Mike Barlage of RAL/NCAR) * Noah (sf_surface_physics=2): fix to the calculation of skin temperature over seaice when snow melting is occuring. (Thanks to Louis Marelle of LATMOS, France) * RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3): fix to correct vegetation fraction input, and snow mosaic option. (Thanks to Tanya Smirnova of NOAA) *Others* * Fire code: fix to some OpenMP usage. * Climate diagnostic output (output_diagnostics=1): fix for undefined values when computing climatological standard deviation fields for surface temperature, and mixing ratio. | **Dynamics** * Hydrostatic option (non_hydrostatic=.false.):fix for a formulation error in hydrostatic pressure gradient calculation. (Thanks to Sang-Hun Park of NCAR) | **Initialization/BC/Namelist** * Use of special level data: In V3.7, code was introduced to make use of tropapause and maximum wind level data (T and wind). When vertically interpolating this horizontally discontinuous data, several layers in the horizontal wind and temperature (to a lesser extent in the height field, also) exhibit the structure of the original nearest-neighbor interpolated data (i.e. very boxy). There are several changes: * WPS has two changes: ungrib source mods, and the METGRID.TBL file. The ungrib program output a duplicate pressure so that the metgrid program is able to process it both with a nearest neighbor AND also with a 4-pt bilinear interpolation. * The real program has two changes: * Determine if the user would like to use the additional levels of data. Two options are introduced: use_maxw_level and use_trop_level (0, off; 1, on). And the default option is off. * Modify the vertical interpolation to use the nearest neighbor to determine variable eligibility for inclusion in the vertical interpolation (horizontal pressure differences larger than a prescribed maximum invalidates the new data - this test was already in the code). Modify the vertical interpolation to use the 4-pt pressure for the actual pressure to insert in the column of data. * By default, the max wind and tropopause data will be excluded from vertical interpolation. In version 3.7, the user had no control over using the data. The idea is that by default, the user gets much cleaner IC/BC files. If the user turns on the option to get the max wind or tropopause levels, the user gets a much better set of fields than they used to get. * Lateral boundary conditions: fix a problem with specified and nested boundary conditions off by one time step * cubic-spline vertical interpolation (interp_option=9): a correction to out-of-bound error (Thanks to William Wei of CWB, Taiwan and Jim Bresch of NCAR) * Idealized soil initialization: fix for initializing soil fields in idealized cases. * zdamp value in the namelist.input files in em_les/ is changed from 15000 to 5000 m. | **Software** * fix for compilation option using XLF on AIX * fix for variable types in usig intrinsic functions. Only affecting XLF compilations. * fix to remove unimportant error messages when trying to compile external PIO modules. * fix to revert file names to its intended form when pnetcdf is used. The problem was introduced in 3.7 code. * fix a bug related to NCEP_DEBUG_MULTIDIR use (Thanks to Mark Filipak of University of Edingburgh, UK). | | | .. _WRFV3.7: WRFV3.7 ------- .. note:: V3.7 WRF can use wrfinput and wrfbdy files from V3.6 version. Please note that the VEGPARM.TBL in run/ is updated in V3.7, and must be used with 3.7 code. | New in Version 3.7 ++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Cumulus parameterization* * New Tiedtke scheme (cu_physics=16): This version is similar to that used in REGCM4 and ECMWR cy40r1. The main differences from the old Tiedtke schemes are: * New trigger functions for deep and shallow convections; * Non-equilibrium situations are considered in the closure for deep convection; * New convection time scale for deep convection closure * New entrainment and detrainment rates for all convection types * New formula for conversion from cloud water/ice to rain/snow * Different way to include cloud scale pressure gradients * This option is experimental. (Jakob and Siebesma 2003; Bechtold et al. 2004, 2008, 2014; Sundqvist 1978; Gregory et al. 1997; Wu and Yanai 1994; IFS documentation - cy33r1, cy37r2, cy38r1, cy40r1) (Thanks to Chunxi Zhang of Univ. of Hawaii) * Multi-scale Kain-Fritsch scheme (cu_physics=11, note that this option works only with YSU PBL in 3.7): * With diagnosed deep and shallow KF cloud fraction; * Scale-dependent Dynamic adjustment timescale for KF clouds; * Scale-dependent LCL-based entrainment methodology; * Scale-dependent fallout rate; * Scale-dependent stabilization capacity; * Estimation and feeback of updraft vertical velocities back to gridscale vertical velocities; * new Trigger function based on Bechtold method. * (Zheng et al. 2015, MWR) (Thanks to Kiran Alapaty and Jerry Herwehe of EPA) *PBL* * Shin-Hong PBL (bl_pbl_physics = 11): scale-dependency for vertical transport in convective PBL while the vertical mixing in stable PBL and free atmosphere follows YSU (Shin and Hong, 2015, http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00116.1) (Thanks to Hailey Shin of NCAR/ASP) * A top-down mixing option in YSU driven by radiative cooling (ysu_topdown_pblmix = 1). (Thanks to Travis Wilson of UCLA). *Land-surface models* * New hydrological processes are added to single-layer UCM: (details) * Oasis effect; * Urban irrigation; * Anthropogenic latent heat; * Evaporation over impervious surface; * Multi-layer green roof * (Thanks to Jiachuan Yang, Zhi-Hua Wang of Arizona State Univ and Shiguang Miao of IUM/CMA, China) * PX LSM: added impervious surface physics. (Thanks to EPA) *Radiation and cloud effect* * A compute-performance optimized option for RRTMG radiation (ra_lw_physics, ra_sw_physics = 24): On conventional and Intel Xeon Phi processors, no other action is needed. For GPU, the code must have been configured for "PGI accelerator compiler" and CUDA shared object libraries must be accessible at run time. Results agree with the original RRTMG to within floating point roundoff but are not bit-for-bit identical. Certain coupling capabilities with microphysics are not supported. (Thanks to Mike Iacono and David Berthiaume of AER and John Michalakes of NCEP). In one test on yellowstone using Intel compiler, a speedup of 8% was seen. However the improvement will be configuration and application dependent. * A new cloud fraction option (icloud = 3). This is a RH-based scheme following Sundqvist et al. (1989, MWR). (Read more.) (Thanks to Greg Thompson of NCAR/RAL) *Others* * 9 sec, NLCD 2006/2011 landuse data. (Thanks to EPA) * 9 sec impervious surface and canopy fraction datasets derived from NLCD2011 landuse dataset (Thanks to EPA) | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Atmospheric Radiation* * Diffused, direct and direct normal irradiance calculation is extended to CAM and FLG radiation options. (Thanks to A. Montornes and B. Codina, University of Barcelona, Spain) * RRTM: fixes a diagnostic calculation * RRTMG: bug fix, and thread-safe change. The default ozone input optoin has been changed to CAM (o3input = 2). However, one must download a fix to allow this to happen. *Microphysics* * NSSL 2-moment scheme: Updated (Thanks to Ted Mansell of NSSL) * Improvents for stratiform development in mesoscale convective systems. Produces snow particles (instead of graupel) from sufficiently small frozen drops. * Fixes a problem with droplet issue for nssl_2mom. * Adds terms for wet scavenging used by WRF-CHEM, also turns off droplet nucleation for wrf-chem when progn = 1 * Adds a radar bright-band enhancement for melting snow * Changes default primary ice nucleation to Phillips/DeMott (lower ice nuclei concentration), also fixes an error in the Cooper parameterization. * Improvements to drop freezing by ice crystal capture. * Reduced droplet collection efficiency by graupel and hail, resulting in slightly lower precipitation efficiency * Enabled sedimentation of cloud droplets, which has a noticable effect on rain autoconversion * Changes default snow fall speed to lower values as used in Ferrier (1994) * Fixes stray tiny amounts of droplet mass at temperatures below -40 C * passing effective radii to RRTMG. * Milbrandt: updated, and more robust. User is advised to avoid using the version in 3.6. * Thompson: updated, fixed the restart problem for the aerosol version; and improved initialization. Look-up tables will be computed and written out in a first run, and can be used in the future runs. * WSM, WDM schemes: effective radii from cloud water/ice and snow will be computed and passed to RRTMG radiation (Thanks to Sooya Bae of KIAPS, S. Korea) *Cumulus* * Tiedtke (cu_physics=6): rewritten in modern Fortran, and fixes a bug related to initial cloud base wind calculation (small effect), and changes adjustment time from 1800 sec to 2400 sec (more appropriate for grid sizes of 15 - 40 km) *Planetary boundary layer and surface layer physics* * Revised and original MM5 surface layer schemes (sf_sfclay_physics = 1, 91): heat and moisture exchange coefficients over water is changed from Carlson-Boland to COARE 3. This helps to reduce fluxes over ocean. A term proportional to 1/u is added to represent roughness of ocean at very low wind speed. * Revised MM5 surface layer scheme: the code is sped up, and will run in comparable time as with the original scheme. * ACM2 PBL: updated. * Old QNSE (bl_pbl_physics=94): removed. *Land Surface physics* * NoahMP: There are a number of improvements in this release * option to use the WRF microphysics frozen precipitation partitioning * addition of precipitation advected heat to the surface energy budget * dynamic vegetation bug fixes and initialization of leaf carbon mass through wrfinput LAI * allow for patchy-snow surface temperature in sensible heat fluxes * (Thanks to Mike Barlage of RAL/NCAR) * Noah: fixes bugs to prevent discountinous behavior for soil ice melting, and add a dew term to QFX over snow cover. Sets minimum LAI. For mosaic option, fields are now interpolated to the nest and allowed to fed back to parent domain. * RUC LSM: updated: * use "mosaic" approach for treating grid cells partially covered with snow. * ensures water and energy conservation, and provides water and energy budget components. * small changes to remove inconsistencies when the Lake Model is turned on. * update parameters in VEGPARM.TBL * PX LSM: updated to work with fractional seaice. * SSiB: updated. *WRF-Hydro 3.0: (more info)* * Version 3 of the WRF-Hydro system includes numerous enhancements to model componentry and to model computational performance. The main modification made include: * Numerous updates to the NoahMP land surface model; * Parallelization of the NoahMP land model driver; * Parallelization of I/O to improve model computational performance for large domains and very high resolution runs including large netcdf file support with netcdf4; * Improved memory management for large domain/high resolution runs; * Reformulation of the exponential bucket model to permit fill/spill capability in addition to normal exponential model discharge; * Support for gfortran compilation on MacOS; * Expanded ArcGIS pre-processing support for WRF-Hydro * R-based statistical evaluation package with USGS streamflow data support; * Expanded script library for pre-/post-processing of WRF-Hydro inputs/outputs; * Expanded test case library. *Others* * Topographical gravity wave drag: updated and includes flow blocking (Thanks to Hyun-Joo Choi of KIAPS, S. Korea) * Topo shading: fixes a bug for shading effect when no terrain slope exists (Thanks to Jeff Mirocha of LLNL). Also unified the diffused fraction calculation. * SKEBS: updated. * The ability to manufacture a random pattern (random perturbation) that is able to be used by any physics or dynamics scheme; * The results are bit-for-bit with a restart; * The code uses a more robust initialization of the random number seeds (some compilers were previously ignoring the seeds); * Cleaned up user interface, where the user requests which major option to activate: skebs or random perturbation; * perturbation BC is added for chemistry variable;. * Major options are now independent and give reproducible patterns regardless of other selected major options. | **Moving nests** * A limitation is noted in moving nest: the number of vertical levels needs to be less than 55. | **Initialization/BC/IO/Trajectory/Diagnostics** * improved specified bdy for long simulations (Thanks for the report from Heimo Truhetz, Sebastian Knist and colleagues at Univ Graz, Austria) * check p_top against data in input (start_em) * prevent using too many processors in real which may break the code to create LBCs * fixed a problem with restarting in the last period when LBC is available. * LAI, if processed in geogrid, will always be in the input * if water/ice friendly aerosols are present from another WRF model run and converted to grib data, it can be processed in program real * recompute density and pressure just like that in the model in program real to make pressure (and density) fields the same in wrfinput and 0 h wrfout file * minor correction to cubic-spline vertical interpolation * makes T in output in grib 1 output T+300 (potential temp) * friendly message to catch model top higher than soundings in idealized case (seabreeze, quarter_ss) * add capability to input SST in les and convrad cases * adds option to define land and wate for idealized cases, ideal_xland * fixes large nest ratio problem (though not recommended) * DFI: turn off other advection except for Qv * prevents DFI to be activated in a model restart run * trajectory code: fixes a dimension error. *Diagnostics* * AFWA diagnostics: updated * Climate diagnostics: fixes a bug related to restart. Restart needs to occur at the end of climate diagnostics accumulation period. * NWP diagnostics: added maximum hail diameter diagnostics that are consistent with each of the microphysics in history output intervals (Thanks to Greg Thompson of NCAR/RAL) *new* * Vertical nesting (Thanks Katie Lundquist of LLNL) - use with care. *New idealized cases* * Adds a new ideal case: convective-radiative equilibrium case (or em_convrad) * Adds a new shallow convection LES test case (in em_les directory) | **Dynamics** * Adds an option to include Qv and QC tendencies in sovler similar to the use of h_diabatic term (option use_q_diabatic). With this option the model will produce correct symmetric solution in a "moist benchmark" case where the flow is saturated and (strong) mean wind exists. (Thanks to George Bryan of NCAR, ) Real-data testing indicates that smaller time step may be needed when this option is used. * Fixes a problem in LES runs when mean wind and strong gradient of moisture are present (option use_theta_m = 1) (Thanks to PNNL for reporting the problem.) Note that this doesn't work with nest yet. * Prevents idealized case to use hypsometric_opt = 2 option. * Use of nba_mij array to store stress term even if sfs_opt isn't used. | **Software** * Changed the format to choose compile options; if build is successful, one gets a message at the end; more information on model version, computer type, and compiler version is included in the begining of the compile * More CF compliant - if one writes output files one per time period * Support less-than 4-digit year * Adds option to compile on ppc64le * Supports real*8 integration on Intel/PGI * Memory reduction (for a typical run, the memory could be down 30%) * Improves fft for polar filtering in global application * Changed 'call flush' to 'flush' * Bug fixes. | | | .. _WRFV3.6.1: WRFV3.6.1 --------- .. note:: V3.6 and V3.6.1 WRF can use wrfinput and wrfbdy files from V3.5 version. However if lake physics is activated, it is recommended to rerun V3.6 WPS to obtain lake depth data. | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Atmospheric Radiation* * Use equation of time for old Goddard shortwave - also corrects diffuse/direct diagnostics * Bug fix in FLG scheme * Bug fix for interpolating shortwave radiation at non-radiation steps: GSW (posted on 5/9/2014) * RRTMG shortwave radiation: extinction coefficient updated from RRTM group * Fix for cu_rad_feedback option (posted 5/7/14), and use of restart with this option. *Microphysics* * Bug fix for Milbrandt scheme (no surface rain output in v3.6) * Bug fix for SBM (posted 5/7/2014) and minor update for fast SBM scheme * Hail control for Morrison scheme is namelist controlled: hail_opt * Constant n_ccn0 is now an namelist variable: ccn_conc (used in WDM5 and WDM6) * New lightning scheme (lightning_option = 3) (Thanks to B. Lynn) *Cumulus* * NSAS deep: the default value for the v3.6-introduced option nsas_dx_factor is set to 0 (off) in Registry.EM_COMMON. *Surface and surface layer physics* * Bug fix in lake physics for nesting * Bug fix for fractional seaice for surface layer option 1: old surface layer code was used in v3.6 (posted on 6/2/2014) * Bug fix in simple ocean mixed layer scheme. * PX LSM should be able to use MODIS+Lake data. * Dissipative heating is removed with ISFTCFLX. *Others* * Bug fix for SKEBS | **Initialization/Nesting/IO/Restart** * Option to use GFS tropopause and max wind level data. * Option to define stratospheric base state (namelists base_pres_strat, base_lapse_strat) * Bug fix for climate extreme statistics for nested run * Better error message for ndown. * Option to write out output-ready flag (wrfoutReady_d_) activated by namelist option output_ready_flag in &time_control) * Microphysics-dependent reflectivity computation is only output if do_radar_ref is set to 1 (for those schemes that makes use this option) * Bug fix for a potential overflow problem for vegfra, shdmax, shdmin for program real * Improved wrfbdy read speed at restart (Thanks to Dominikus Heinzeller) * Bug fix for periodic boundary condition in Y for geopotential * AFWA diagnostics update and cleanup. * Fixed restart issue with Kain-Fritsch and Grell-type cumulus schemes when used with cu_rad_feedback option. The error was introduced in Version 3.6. | **Dynamics** * Improved diffusion with diff_opt = 2 and km_opt = 4 for more stability when diffusion is computed on horizontal surfaces * fix tke_km routine computation of N stability parameter for km_opt=2 | **Software** * Fix for using netCDF4 on NCAR's yellowstone system (configure.nc4 removed) * Few more fixes for adapting to new CPP * Remove few more use of flush * #ifdef WRF_CHEM changed to #if ( WRF_CHEM == 1 ) to avoid confusion with environment setting of WRF_CHEM = 0 | | | .. _WRFV3.6: WRFV3.6 ------- .. note:: V3.6 WRF can use wrfinput and wrfbdy files from V3.5 version. However if lake physics is activated, it is recommended to rerun V3.6 WPS to obtain lake depth data. | New in Version 3.6 ++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Land surface models* * Noah LSM: an option to use sub-tiling in the scheme is introduced. Instead of using dominant category before, a user can choose N number of categories in a grid box. This option is activated by setting sf_surface_mosaic = 1, and mosaic_cat = N. N = 3 is the default. (Thanks to Dan Li of Princeton Univ.) * Lake model (sf_lake_physics=1): The lake scheme was obtained from the Community Land Model version 4.5 (Oleson et al. 2013) with some modifications by Gu et al. (2013). It is a one-dimensional mass and energy balance scheme with 20-25 model layers, including up to 5 snow layers on the lake ice, 10 water layers, and 10 soil layers on the lake bottom. The lake scheme is used with actual lake points and lake depth derived from the WPS, and it also can be used with user defined lake points and lake depth in WRF (lake_min_elev and lakedepth_default). * The lake scheme is independent of a land surface scheme and therefore can be used with any land surface scheme embedded in WRF. The lake scheme developments and evaluations were included in Subin et al. (2012) and Gu et al. (2013). (Thanks to Hongping Gu of Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Jiming Jin of Utah State Univ.) *Microphysics option* * HUJI spectral bin microphysics, full and fast version (Thanks to Alex Khain and Barry Lynn of Israel) * Thompson aerosol-aware scheme. Click here for more information on this option. (Thompson and Eidhammer 2014, JAS) (Thanks to Thompson and Eidhammer of NCAR/RAL). *Others* * aer_opt = 2: A new way to input aerosol for RRTMG and Goddard radiation options. Either AOD at 550 nm or AOD plus Angstrom exponent, single scattering albedo and cloud asymmetry parameters can be input via constant values from namelist or 2D input via auxiliary input stream 15. Aerosol type may be set. (Thanks to Jose Ruiz-Arias of Universidad of Jaen, Spain) * icloud: Cloud fraction option. In the past, the cloud fraction calculation is tied to a radiation option. This can sometimes lead to different cloud fraction seen short- and long-wave radiation schemes. Since v3.6, cloud fraction calculation becomes independent of the radiation options, but needs to be selected by setting icloud = 1 or 2. Option 1 is the Xu-Randall method, and 2 is the threshold method which gives either 0 or 1 cloud fraction. * cu_rad_feedback: Sub-grid cloud fraction is diagnosed from the Kain-Fritsch cumulus scheme, and passed on to the radiation with icloud=1. In previous versions, this option works with Grell-type schemes. (Thanks to Alapaty and Herwehe of EPA) * rdlai2d: option to use 30 sec, 12 monthly leaf-area index data. (Thanks to Mike Barlage of NCAR/RAL) * 15 sec, 20-category MODIS landuse data. (Thanks to Patrick Broxton and Xubin Zeng of University of Arizona) | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Atmospheric Radiation* * CAM option: bug fix for coszen for diagnostic computation of shortwave surface downward diffuse and direct irradiance. The problem appeared since v3.5.1 only. *Microphysics* * NSSL 2-moment scheme: Updated. For details, click here. * Milbrandt: improved ice-snow (now less ice, more snow) and graupel-hail (now more hail) balances. Replaced box-Lagrangian sedimentation with Eulerian. More details here. *Cumulus* * Grell-Freitas: Updated (posted in 3.5.1 known problem page). * NSAS deep: a method to introduce grid-size awareness. Controlled by setting nsas_dx_factor = 1 in the namelist. (Thanks to Songyou Hong of YSU and KIAPS Korea) *Planetary boundary layer and surface layer physics* * Options to mix scalars (mostly Qnc, Qnr) and tracers in PBL. Activated by setting scalar_pblmix = 1, and tracer_pblmix = 1. * TEMF: Robustness fix and improved surface velocity scale in surface layer scheme (Thanks to Robert Rozumalski and Wayne Angevine) * MYNN PBL and surface layer: updated. (Thanks for Joe Olson of NOAA) * PBL: Added extra output (TKE_PBL, DELTA, WSTAR) for coupling to GRIMS and CAMUW shallow-cu schemes. * PBL: Added option for full cloud (water & ice) mixing. * Surface layer: Relaxed limits on moisture flux over water that was falsely thought to be a culprit for excessive fluxes. * Surface layer: Improved formula for the kinematic viscosity. *Surface physics* * NoahMP: There are a number of improvements in this release * Melting factor to 2.5 * Latent heat constant dependent on T of ground and leaf * Min LAI/SAI = 0.05 * Canopy evaporation - sublimation dependent on phase * Ground evaporation comes from ice when ground is frozen * New-snow density fixed * fixes an uninitialized variable (TGB) going into the glacier code (can be fatal); * forces the initialization of snow height to be consistent over glacier * limits the initialization of surface temperatures when snow on ground and input TSK > 0C to be at most 0C * assure consistency of SNOWH and SNOW so that one does not get set to zero while the other is >0 * only uses latent heat of sublimation over ice, remove temperature dependence * prevent snow age from getting reset to 0 each call * when snow gone, make sure excess sublimation is taken from "soil" ice not water * assure consistency of SNOWH and SNOW so that one does not get set to zero while the other is >0 * make snow burial limits consistent with new MPTABLE * for 2m temperature calculation diagnostic, add a split for seaice/glacier after the NoahMP call * MPTABLE.TBL: * assure consistency with canopy top and bottom and vegetation roughness length between vegetation types * fix a few errors when dynamic vegetation parameters were copied from USGS to MODIS * assure consistency in stem and leaf area index * (Thanks to Mike Barlage of RAL/NCAR) * CLM4: update to use MODIS landuse; allow bldt option to work * RUC LSM: improved snow model for thin snow, and capability to use input LAI data. * SSiB: updated to add 10 m wind diagnostics. *WRF-Hydro 2.0* * Both Noah and NoahMP are supported land models with WRF-Hydro coupling capabilities in WRF3.6. * Stand alone Noah and NoahMP drivers coupled with WRF-Hydro hydrology components are included in WRF-Hydro 2.0. * To improve the performance on supercomputers (such as 'yellowstone') a new domain decomposition method is applied for WRF-Hydro offline runs. * New forcing data features and filename conventions are added to WRF-Hydro offline runs. * A few bug fixes from WRF-Hydro 1.0 release have been made for WRF-Hydro 2.0. * NOTE: In WRF3.6 and WRF-Hydro 3.2, the FLAKE model is NOT interactive with WRF-Hydro components. Future versions will enable this interactivity. *Others* * Wind farm drag parameterization: Bug fix to use the wind speed at the hub height instead of the mean wind within the area covered by the rotor to compute thrust and power coefficients. Update to more easily specify turbine characteristics and locations for both real and idealized cases (Thanks to Pedro Jimenez of CIEMAT, Spain) * Fog deposition (grav_settling): bug fix (Thanks to Travis Wilson of UCLA) * SKEBS: more user-controlled options. | **Nudging** * Bug fix for option obs_max_sndng_gap in obs nudging (Thanks to Brian Reen of ARL) * Prevent negative moisture nudging, activated by setting namelist obs_scl_neg_qv_innov = 1 in &fdda (Thanks to Brian Reen of ARL. See http://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/workshops/WS2013/extended_abstracts/p13.pdf) | **Moving nests** * Moving nests can now use high resolution terrain and landuse dataset during a run. For more detail, see the moving nest page. (Thanks to Shuyi Chen, University of Miami group and John Michalakes for the contribution. Chen et al., 2007, BAMS) | **Initialization/Nesting/IO** * A new vertical interpolation option using cubic spline is added (Thanks to CWB of Taiwan) * Bug fix for 2:1 nest ratio. * Idealized seabreeze case has more levels, and levels can be specified like that in a real-data case. * Idealized quarter ss case: more levels and more digits for moisture variable are added to give a smoother sounding. * Idealized LES case: 5 K was removed from skin temp. * Trajectory option ok for idealized cases. A template for initializing trajectories is added to module_initialize_quarter_ss.F. * Bug fix for calculation of dry pressure in idealized tropical cyclone initialization (Thanks to Wenyu Zhou of Princeton). * Add an example to initialize tracer in module_initialize_real.F. * Bug fix for option lowest_lev_from_surface (Thanks to Brian Reen of ARL). * Bug fix for program real using files obtained after using tc.exe. * Improved masked interpolation * A number of diagnostic output from AFWA (click here for its documentation. Note that more diagnostics is added in 3.6.1.) | **Dynamics** * Bug fix for D33 term to be multiplied by Kh instead of Kv, affecting only vertical diffusion of w with diff_opt=2 (Thanks to Rich Rotunno of NCAR) * Improve stability in complex terrain when using diff_opt = 2 and km_opt = 4. | **namelist change** * namelist option sf_sfclay_physics = 1 is now the revised MM5 surface layer scheme. The old MM5 surface layer option is now 91. * namelists diff_opt and km_opt are now domain-dependent, so one can change them based on grid resolution * namelist windturbines_spec is removed, and the new namelist to activate the scheme is windfarm_opt = 1. Another namelist, windfarm_ij, may be used to specify turbine locations in lat/lon or I/J. * All SKEBS options are now under namelist record &stoch, and perturb_bdy is moved there too. | **Software** * Speed up netCDF write by doing write only once, instead of the normal write/read/write sequence (Thanks to Jim Abeles of IBM) * CPP option adapted for newer version (-C flag removed) * fft code updated to use double precision. Affect filtering in global run only. * A new diagnostic driver is created to accommodate a number of diagnostics * Binary io updated, 2003 iso and ieee tests separated. * Improved compile dependency: now can use more processors to compile.. * Removing leading (confusing) messages in the standard output. * Add more information about computer and compiler when compile * Allow adaptive time steps to be less than 1 sec. | | | .. _WRFV3.5.1: WRFV3.5.1 --------- .. note:: V3.5 and V3.5.1 WRF can use wrfinput and wrfbdy files from earlier V3 versions only if one sets iso_temp = 0 K in namelist &dynamics and this is necessary if one doesn't use this namelist already. If one uses this option already, please leave it in. This is important as the default value for iso_temp has been changed from 0 to 200 K in V3.5. | Improvements and Bug fixes in Version 3.5.1 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Land surface models and surface layer physics* * CLM4: fix 2 m water vapor diagnostics; fix for use of this option with CAM radiation option * RUC LSM: improved 2 m Qv * Noah: fix for a sudden jump in 2m Qv due to abrupt change in exchange coefficient * NoahMP: correct a problem with warm air or warm soil temp on permanent ice grid point. MPTABLE.TBL is updated to make stem area index (SAI) consistent with leaf area index (LAI). This could result some improvement in simulated surface temp (e.g. over cropland). * Surface layer physics option 1 and 11 (MM5 scheme): Recode Garratt formula. The formula gives nearly identical results (Thanks to B. Green of PSU). * Surface layer physics option 11 (revised MM5 scheme): match Donelan formula for drag coefficient to that in option 1. * Extend fractional seaice option to QNSE surface layer scheme (Thanks to E. Tastula of Univ of Southern Florida). * MYNN surface layer option: improved 2 m temp in unstable regime. *Deep and shallow cumulus options* * Grell-Freitas ensemble scheme: fixes and improvement * NSAS (cu_physics=14): fix for shallow ice clouds * Tiedtke: index fix (no impact) * Global/Regional Integrated Modeling System (GRIMS) shallow scheme : reduced mixing *PBL options* * ACM2 PBL scheme is now coupled with WRF-Chem. * YSU PBL: prevent large negative Ri in unstable regime (which could potentially cause model blowup over high terrain) * TEMF: fix for surface heat and moisture conservation, robustness improvement, code cleanup * MYNN PBL: Added a new fog scheme provided by Genki Katata of Japan, which is controlled by option grav_settling = 2. *Microphysics* * Thompson: coupling to RRTMG radiation scheme: modifying cloud optical path to use information from Thompson scheme. There is no switch for this change, and it is the default behavior if these options are used together. * Morrison: 1) added output for snow+cloud ice and graupel time step and accumulated surface precipitation. 2) bug fix to option w/o graupel/hail (IGRAUP = 1), include PRACI, PGSACW, and PGRACS as sources for snow instead of graupel/hail (bug reported by Hailong Wang, PNNL). 3) very minor fix to immersion freezing rate formulation (negligible impact). 4) clarifications to code comments. 5) minor change to shedding of rain, remove limit so that the number of collected drops can smaller than number of shed drops. 6) change of specific heat of liquid water from 4218 to 4187 J/kg/K. *Radiaton options* * Interpolation of short-wave radiation is added based on the updated solar zenith angle between SW calls. It must be activated in the namelist with the new physics option swint_opt. This option is being included as a global attribute of the wrfout so the user knows whether it was used or not. This change applies to all short-wave options. * Computation of cosine of solar zenith angle (sza) was wrapped in a single function so it will make easy to centralize and homogeneize all these computations in future updates. Equation of time correction was included in the sza computations. * Three additional variables are now output from all shortwave radiation options (note the output from RRTMG, new Goddard are directly from the routine, and hence more accurate; output from other options are estimates): * swddir: All-sky broadband surface direct horizontal irradiance * swddni: All-sky broadband surface direct normal irradiance * swddif: All-sky braodband surface diffuse irradiance * (Thanks to Jose Ruiz-Arias, U Jaen, Spain for the above) | **Nudging** * obs_nudging: regime calculation depends on surface layer option rather than PBL option | **Initialization/IO** * seaice_threshold option: the default value for this variable is now set to 100 K. If you don't have any seaice data in the input, and you have some cold SST in your domain, set this namelist value to 271 so cold sea surface will be initialized as seaice points. * real: if one uses smooth_cg_topo option, the effect is now extended to all boundary conditions. * ndown: model run after ndown is now able to use microphysics and scalar variables in boundary condition file which was added in 3.5. One needs to use these options in &bdy_control to turn it on: have_bcs_moist and have_bcs_scalar = .true. It is recommended that the same mp options in both model runs are used so that correct boundary conditions for the same variables can be applied. * restart: if one wants to change IO frequencies in a restart run, one must use additional namelist override_restart_timers = .true.. | **Software** * Now there is only a single masked interpolation scheme that is used: interp_mask_field. This single scheme makes maintenance easier and insures consistency with land and water fields. The original interpolation subroutines were not removed from share/interp_fcn.F. The iswater or isice flag is supplied in the call from the Registry.EM_COMMON, so there are no problems with trying to internally determine what field is being interpolated, and whether the mask should be based on ice or water. * Fixes for compile problem associated with IBM compilers. * Minor changes for FX10 support (Thanks to Fujitsu) * Cray/PGI option added back. * Fix for errors (seg faults) traversing linked list of statevars in frame/module_domain.F. Errors occur occasionally because of uninitialized data in the head of the linked-list, which shouldn't be part of the traversal. This is a bug in the WRF code in general and would affect any users who use the "Run time control of IO stream variable sets" facility described in README.io_config (posted since 5/29/2013). | | | .. _WRFV3.5: WRFV3.5 ------- .. note:: V3.5 WRF can use wrfinput and wrfbdy files from earlier V3 versions only if one sets iso_temp = 0 K in namelist &dynamics and this is necessary if one doesn't use this namelist already. If one uses this option already, please leave it in. This is important as the default value for iso_temp has been changed from 0 to 200 K in V3.5. | New in Version 3.5 ++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Land surface models* * Community Land Model Version 4 (CLM4) from CAM (Oleson et al. 2010; Lawrence et al. 2010): CLM4 was developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research with many external collaborators and represents a state-of-the-science land surface process model. It contains sophisticated treatment of biogeophysics, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and dynamic vegetation. In CLM4, the land surface in each model grid cell is characterized into five primary sub-grid land cover types (glacier, lake, wetland, urban, and vegetated). The vegetated sub-grid consists of up to 4 plant functional types (PFTs) that differ in physiology and structure. The WRF input land cover types are translated into the CLM4 PFTs through a look-up table. The CLM4 vertical structure includes a single-layer vegetation canopy, a five-layer snowpack, and a ten-layer soil column. An earlier version of CLM has been quantitatively evaluated within WRF in Jin and Wen (2012; JGR-Atmosphere), Lu and Kueppers (2012; JGR-Atmosphere), and Subin et al. (2011; Earth Interactions) (Thanks to Jiming Jin of Utah State Univ. and Yaqiong Lu of UC Merced). * University of Arizona snow physics for Noah: treatment of snow related to vegetation canopy (Wang, Z., et al., 2010: Improving snow processes in the Noah land model, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D20108, doi:10.1029/2009JD013761). (Thanks to Xubin Zeng, University of Arizona; Zhuo Wang, NASA; Michael Barlage, NCAR) *Microphysics option* * CAM 5.1 2-moment microphysics scheme. Can interact with WRF-Chemistry (Thanks to PNNL) * Two NSSL 1-moment options. (Thanks to T. Mansell of NSSL). *Deep and shallow cumulus options* * Grell-Freitas ensemble scheme (paper coming): An improved GD scheme that tries to smooth the transition to cloud-resolving scales as proposed by Arakawa et al. (2004) * Global/Regional Integrated Modeling System (GRIMS) shallow scheme (Hong et al. 2013 APJAS). (Thanks to Songyou Hong, Junhong Lee and Jihyeon Jang of YSU) *PBL option* * Grenier-Bretherton-McCaa PBL (Grenier and Bretherton 2001, MWR): this scheme has the same origin as UW PBL. Tested for marine boundary layer. (Thanks to Natelie Perlin of Oregon State Univ) *WRF-Hydro* * An initial suite of hydrological physics parameterizations to represent routing (horizontal movement) processes including, groundwater transport, overland flow and streamflow. It is also a coupling framework for coupling additional hydrologic and land surface models to WRF. For more information and code download, please see http://www.ral.ucar.edu/projects/wrf_hydro/ *Others* * Input to atmospheric radiation option: time-varying green-house gases for CAM/RRTM/RRTMG longwave radiation options - contains values for 250 years from 1765 to 2500. Future scenarios of A2, A1B, RCP4.6, 6 and 8.5 are provided. (Thanks to Claire Carouge of UNSW, Australia, Luis Fita and Jesus Fernandez, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain, Rowan Fealy, Nat. Univ. of Ireland Maynooth) * RRTMG: options to use CAM ozone data (o3input=2), and Tegen climatological aerosol (aer_opt = 1) * topo_wind=2: a simpler terrain-variance-related correction, and it works for YSU PBL. (Thanks to Cliff Mass and David Ovens of UW) * seaice initialization: option to use default value or read in from input file (ICEDEPTH). Special input required. (Thanks to Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State Univ.) * snow depth on seaice: bounded by min and max (controlled by namelists), or read in from input (SNOWSI). Special input required. (Thanks to Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State Univ.) * PWP 3D ocean model with simple initialization (Thanks to Chiaying Lee and Shuyi Chen of Univ. of Miami) * option to use NSBD/NUDAPT data over US for urban options. (Thanks to Tim Glotfelty and Jason Ching of NCSU) * NLCD 2006 40-category data: works for slab, Noah, and PX LSM. (Thanks to Rob Gilliam and Jon Pleim of EPA) * Lightning parameterization without WRF-Chem. (Thanks to John Wong of CU) | **Dynamics/Advection** * Default temperauture value for reference state in the stratosphere has been changed from 0 to 200 K. This is to ensure reasonable reference state used when model top is higher than 50 mb, and will change how the eta levels are computed in program real. If you use wrfinput file produced by previous versions of the model, make sure you include iso_temp = 0 in the namelist &dynamics. | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Atmospheric Radiation* * FLG option: bug fix for low model tops. Aerosol off by default (aerosol option requires input) * Goddard option: limit ice effective radius to between 25 and 125 um * Constants used for RRTM radiation have been changed for CO2 from 330 to 379 ppm, N2O from 0 to 319 ppb, and CH4 from 0 to 1774 ppb. These constants are now the same as those used in RRTMG. This change will make lower atmosphere and surface slightly warmer. *Microphysics* * Thompson: minor update. Also a fix for computing radar reflectivity. * Morrison: correct for too much ice in anvil cloud; for accelerated melting from collisions, should use rain mass collected by snow, not snow mass collected by rain. * WDM5/6: limit rain and cloud number concentrations using smaller max and min slope parameter values. Helps to reduce strong radar reflectivity and rain rates * WDM6/WSM6: fix for computing time-step graupel * NSSL 2-moment options: sedimentation change and bug fixes *Cumulus* * CAM-ZM: changed time-scale for CAPE removal (tau) from constant 3600 s to grid distance-dependent. * NSAS shallow:a significant bug fix which will allow shallow convection to activate. *Planetary boundary layer physics* * Boulac: a Troen-Mahrt gamma term option is added * MYJ PBL: diagnosed PBL height corrected * MYNN: Option to (not) advect qke (bl_mynn_tkeadvect). (Thanks for Joe Olson of NOAA) *Surface physics* * NoahMP: * Improvements to energy balance and distribution of energy over vegetated/non-vegetated portions of a grid cell * Made vegetation fraction consistent with radiation vegetation density * New source code module for Noah-MP glacial treatment * Clean up and restructure of Noah-MP driver code * Bug fixes to 2-m diagnostic calculation within Noah-MP * corrected parameters in SOILPARM.TBL (Thanks to Peter Shellito of CU) * An alternative snow-cover physics in Noah, aimed particularly toward improving treatment of snow as it relates to the vegetation canopy. Also uses new columns added in VEGPARM.TBL (Wang, Z., et al., 2010: Improving snow processes in the Noah land model, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D20108, doi:10.1029/2009JD013761) (namelist option ua_phys) * Glacier physics separated from land physics for Noah and NoahMP * RUC LSM: bug fixes for coupling with YSU and MYNN; seasonal variations of land-surface properties; increased roughness length for forest and cropland to correct high-wind biases; use of exponential formulation to compute grid-cell averaged roughness length; fixes in frozon soil moisture transport. * SSiB: fix for sea ice *Others* * namelist omlcall has been changed to sf_ocean_physics (to accommodate more ocean options) * two cam shallow convection routines renamed * fire routines are renamed | **Nudging** * minor bug fix for gridded nudging | **Stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme** * perturbed BC using SKEBS (namelist option perturb_bdy) | **Initialization/IO** * Diagnostic output of output-interval maximum of surface wind, max up- and down-draft velocity, column-mean w (eta between 0.8 to 0.5), * 2-5 km helicity, column-integrated graupel and max column-integrated graupel, activated by namelist option nwp_diagnostics. (Thanks to NSSL) * wrfbdy file name may be changed using bdy_inname namelist * restart fix: change IO interval in restart with FDDA, sst_update * Vertical profiles of U, V, geopotential height, potential temp, and water vapor mixing ratio. This is done the same as 2D time-series. More information in run/README.tslist. (Thanks to Torge Lorenz from Uni Research in Bergen, Norway) * inline trajectory code for pre-specified parcels (Thanks to Chiaying Lee of U of Miami) * ndown can produce mp variables in bc file (but WRF cannot use them yet. Will update in 3.5.1.) * grib 1 & 2 tables updated * rsl files will be automatically removed before new ones are written. | **namelist.input** * All vertical levels in the namelist templates have been changed to 30 to accommodate minimum vertical layer thickness requirement when iso_temp is changed to 200 K. | **Software** * New Features: * netCDF4 compression capability (for details, please click here) * Added support for FX10 (Thanks to Fujitsu) * Intel Xeon Phi Many Integrated Core (MIC) * Modify shared memory tiling algorithm so that tiles are calculated only once per zone per domain. * Thread the packing and unpacking of MPI messages (will improve performance of all dm+sm runs) * special optimized version of WSM5 * a couple of other miscellaneous performance mods that should help on Xeon Sandybridge (SNB) * (Thanks to Larry Meadows, Alexander Knyazev, Indraneil Gokhale, Rezaur Rahman, Antonio Valles, Ruchira Sasanka, and Mike Greenfield of Intel, and John Michalakes at NREL) * Improvements: * Improved OpenMP use (Thanks to many at Intel, Jeff McDonald and Todd Hutchinson of WSI, Pete Johnsen and James Schwarzmeier of Cray, and John Michalakes at NREL) * make dependency * diffwrf updated | | | .. _WRFV3.4.1: WRFV3.4.1 --------- .. note:: The V3.4.1 WRF can use wrfinput and wrfbdy files from earlier V3 versions only if one sets hypsometric_opt = 1 in namelist &domains. However if you would like to use newer options introduced in 3.4, you may benefit from the change if wrfinput and wrfbdy files are regenerated | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** * Resetting cudt = 0 for BMJ, all SAS schemees, and Tiedtke since the time-step rain isn't correctly calculated when adaptive time is used. The time-step rain is used in LSM. * Bug fix for cumulus calls if adaptive time stepping is used with OpenMP, either by setting numtiles to > 1 or OMP_NUM_THREADS > 1. The bug caused cumulus calls to only happen in the first tile (Thanks to Todd Hutchinson of WSI). * Glacier ice treatment has been moved out Noah code, and replaced by a call from surface driver to seaice_noah. * NoahMP: bug fixes and its namelists have been changed to single value or non-domain-dependent. * MYNN sfc layer: Add iz0tlnd option, modify isftcflx options (see README.namelist for details) * MYNN PBL: add option to output diagnostics (bl_mynn_tkebudget = 1), some tuning of the scheme * YSU: fix for stable surface conditions (Thanks to Heather Richardson and Sukanta Basu at North Carolina State University) and consistency with thermal roughness length. The change may result in improvement in surface wind forecast at night. * YSU: a bug fix for nest starting at later time due to introduction of 'topo_wind' option, even if the option isn't used. * QNSE/EDMF: bug fix for EDMF (day-time) (Thanks to Steven Decker of Rutgers) * SSiB: activate seaice function * isftcflx = 2: Cd and Ck changed to formula used in 2012 ARW RT runs (not yet in revised surface scheme, sf_sfclay_physics = 11) * Thompson MP: update to graupel intercept parameter and others * GD and G3 schemes: correct the bug that several extra fields didn't have values when cu_diag is on (Thanks to Bart Brashers of Environ) * Add feedback to surface diagnostic fields: T2, TH2, Q2, U10, V10 and PSFC (Thanks to Robert Fovell of UCLA) * SKEB option: fix a problem allocating arrays before de-allocating them first (Thanks to Glenn Creighton of AFWA). * Variable description changed for 'climate diagnostic' output variables. * File phys/module_cu_g3.F has been corrected to allow the use of 'ishallow' with the G3 cumulus scheme, when running with WRF built with OpenMP or MPI. | **Others** * Input sounding for idealized two-fire example updated. Previous one didn't work. * Program ndown: fix to use default hypsometric_opt = 2 option (posted 5/4/2012) * Program real: since V3.3, the top half-level of Qv coming out of the real program (ARW only) has been zero. This is fixed in this release. * Fix a bug associated with writing history file after restart: History output will not be written out at the time of restart. If one would like to have it, use namelist option 'write_hist_at_0h_rst = .t.' . The bug caused the behavior unpredictable. Using 'override_restart_timers' option will also work if one would like to change the output interval to a larger value. However, using the option 'override_restart_timers' may not work correctly if fdda and sst_update options are used, unless the restart time is also the time when data is available. | **Experimental features** * netCDF4 compression and chunking features. With this option and current parameter setting, the file size can be reduced up to 45%. However it is a bit clumsy to use this option in this release, unless you're running on bluefire at NCAR. It will require installation of serial version of HDF and then netCDF4. The option is activated at compile time by adding these additional macros in configure.wrf file just above the line "DMPARALLEL = 1" .. code-block:: NETCDFPATH = /your-netcdf4-path/lib/netcdf/4.1.3_seq HDFPATH = /your-hdf-path/lib/hdf5/1.8.7_seq ZLIBPATH = /your-zlib-path/lib/zlib/1.2.5 NETCDF4_IO_OPTS = -DUSE_NETCDF4_FEATURES \ -DWRFIO_NCD_LARGE_FILE_SUPPORT # Modify existing WRF Makefile macros LIB_LOCAL = -L$(NETCDFPATH)/lib -lnetcdf -lnetcdff -lgpfs \ -L$(HDFPATH)/lib -lhdf5 -lhdf5_hl \ -L$(ZLIBPATH)/lib -lz * Adding in-code radar reflectivity calculations for the WSM5/6, WDM5/6, Thompson, Morrison, Goddard, and Lin schemes. The calculation is done only at output time, and can be activated via namelist option do_radar_ref = 1 in &physics. Whether you use this option or not, a new array refl_10cm will appear in wrfout file. * pressure level diagnostics, controlled by new namelist record &diags: .. code-block:: &diags p_lev_diags = 0 num_press_levels = 4 press_levels = 85000, 70000, 50000, 25000 use_tot_or_hyd_p = 2 / Variables availables are: U, V, Temp, RH, geop height, wind speed and dew point temp. Output goes to auxhist23 by default. Other relevant namelists can be found in test/em_real/examples.namelist. | | | .. _WRFV3.4: WRFV3.4 ------- .. note:: V3.4 WRF can use wrfinput and wrfbdy files from earlier V3 versions only if one sets hypsometric_opt = 1 in namelist &domains. However if you would like to use newer options introduced in 3.4 (see below), you may benefit from the change if wrfinput and wrfbdy files are regenerated. | New in Version 3.4 ++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Land surface models* * Noah-MP (Niu et al., 2011) (MP: multi-physics): It uses multiple options for key land-atmosphere interaction processes. Noah-MP contains a separate vegetation canopy defined by a canopy top and bottom with leaf physical and radiometric properties used in a two-stream canopy radiation transfer scheme that includes shading effects. Noah-MP contains a multi-layer snow pack with liquid water storage and melt/refreeze capability and a snow-interception model describing loading/unloading, melt/refreeze, and sublimation of the canopy-intercepted snow. Multiple options are available for surface water infiltration and runoff, and groundwater transfer and storage including water table depth to an unconfined aquifer. Horizontal and vertical vegetation density can be prescribed or predicted using prognostic photosynthesis and dynamic vegetation models that allocate carbon to vegetation (leaf, stem, wood and root) and soil carbon pools (fast and slow). Thanks to Zong-Liang Yang (UT-Austin) and Guo-Yue Niu (Biosphere 2, Univ. of Arizona) for the development, and Joakim Refslund Nielsen (Riso DTU), Kevin Manning (NCAR-MMM) , Michael Barlage and Mukul Tewari (NCAR-RAL) for implementing it in WRF. For more information, please click here. * SSiB: This is the third generation of the Simplified Simple Biosphere Model (Xue et al. 1991; Sun and Xue, 2001). SSiB is developed for land/atmosphere interaction studies in the climate model. The aerodynamic resistance values in SSiB are determined in terms of vegetation properties, ground conditions and the bulk Richardson number according to the modified Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. SSiB-3 includes three snow layers to realistically simulate snow processes, including destructive metamorphism, densification process due to snow load, and snow melting, which substantially enhances the model's ability for the cold season study. To use this option, ra_lw_physics and ra_sw_physics should be set to either 1, 3, or 4. The second full model level should be set to no larger than 0.982 so that the height of that level is higher than vegetation height. Thanks to Xue and de Sales of UCLA. *Microphysics option* * NSSL 2-moment (Mansell, Ziegler and Bruning, JAS, 2010): The scheme is a 2-moment one developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. It predicts the mass mixing ratio and number concentration for six hydrometeor species: cloud droplets, rain drops, ice crystals, snow, graupel, and hail. A unique feature is the additional prediction of average graupel particle density, which allows graupel to span the range from frozen drops to low-density graupel. Hail is produced only by wet growth of graupel to try to repensent true hail rather than merely high-density ice. An option allows prediction of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration (intended for idealized simulations). The scheme also features adaptive sedimentation to allow some size sorting but prevent spurious large particles (and radar reflectivity values) that can arise from two-moment microphysics, particularly for the larger precipitation categories (graupel, hail, and rain). Size distribution shape parameters and a number of other options can be set in the code. The scheme is intended for cloud-resolving simulations (dx <= 2km) in research applications. Thanks to T. Mansell of NSSL. *Cumulus option* * New SAS for HWRF (option 84): not yet tested for ARW (Thanks to NCEP) *Atmospheric radiation option* * Fu-Liou-Gu: multiple bands, cloud and cloud fraction effects, ozone profile from climatology, shortwave can allow for aerosols. For more details and references, click here. Thanks to Gu of UCLA. *PBL option* * QNSE-EDMF: Daytime part of QNSE PBL modified to use mass flux method with shallow convection activated by namelist option mfshconv=1 (default). Thanks to J. Pergaud of Numtech, France. Setting mfshconv = 0 gives QNSE result. *Surface layer physics option* * A revised MM5 surface layer scheme (sf_sfclay_physics = 11): remove limits and use updated stability functions. (Jimenez et al., MWR 2012). Thanks to P. Jimenez of CIEMAT, Spain. *Others* * topo_wind: Topographic correction for surface winds to represent extra drag from sub-grid topography and enhanced flow at hill tops. (Jimenez and Dudhia, JAMC 2012). The option requires extra input from geogrid. Thanks to P. Jimenez of CIEMAT, Spain. * sea ice albedo: option to have albedo over sea ice to depend on air, skin and snow. This is controlled by the namelist option seaice_albedo_opt. Thanks to C. Mills of Univ. of Illinois. * A new urban table is introduced for sf_urban_physics = 1 option, and it is named URBPARM_UZE.TBL. If one wants to use it, rename it to URBPARM.TBL. Thanks to Thomas Loridan and Sue Grimmond of King's College, UK. | **Dynamics/Advection** * WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) advection scheme: The scheme may help with inconsistencies in the microphysical moments at cloud edges. Both 5th order and 5th order with positive-definite limiter are available. Thanks to T. Mansell of NSSL. | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Atmospheric Radiation* * Goddard shortwave scheme (ra_sw_physics = 1): diagnositic field RSWTOA corrected. *Microphysics* * Thompson: bug fix and updates. * Morrison: minor change to the limits on autoconversion source of rain number when cloud water is depleted. Major bug fix for V3.3.1 version for ice fallspeed (posted 11/16/11). * WDM5/6: fix for nccn variable on lateral boundary. * Eta scheme: updated to High-Res Window version operational at NCEP. *Cumulus* * Tiedtke: A new trigger is added (controlled by cutrigger in the code; the old one is stil the default). It is based on a diluted air parcel testing, while the old trigger is based on the moisture convergence. New organized entrainment and turbulent entrainment/detrainment rate for deep convection based on ECMWF method is added. Thanks to C. Zhang of Univ of Hawaii. * G3 + shallow: minor fix for shallow part. *Planetary boundary layer physics* * YSU: improved Pr number computation and change to lower limits on diffusion * MYJ and MYJSFC: updated to operational version * MYNN and MYNNSFC: updated (see code for details). Thanks for J. Olson of NOAA. * ACM2: bug fix to treat convective adjustment at the first time step for occasional problems for small grid sizes. * TEMP: bug fix for occasional blowups. *Surface physics* * RUC LSM: use MODIS; capability to specify soil and land-use parameters based on a mosaic approach. Two new namelist parameters are introduced: mosaic_lu and mosaic_soil, the default values are 0, but to switch to mosaic specifications these namelist parameters should be set to 1 (not necessary for both of them, could be default for soil and mosaic for land-use, or visa versa). Tuning some parameters in snow model to get more realistic snow melting rates. * PX LSM: MODIS support, lake ice treatment, snow albedo tretaments, bug fixes for soil moisture nudging and others. * tmn_update option: minor fix. * isftcflx option updated to increase drag at lower wind speed. * sst_skin option: bug fix for using sst_skin without sst_update option *Gravity Wave Drag* * clean-up, minor fix, add diagnostic output | **Nudging** * Spectral-nudging: fix for dtramp coefficient. * Gridded nudging: fix for loop indices for smooth function in surface nudging | **Single-Column Model (SCM)** * Updated | **Stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme** * Default namelist values for tot_backscat_t and tot_backscat_psi have been changed. * bug fix for restart. * SKEB arrays in boundary file have been removed. | **Initialization/IO** * Default values for these namelists have been changed: * hypsometric_opt = 2 (affecting both real, wrf model and ndown) - this will prevent using previously generated wrfinput/wrfbdy files used in V3.4. However one can explicitly set this option to 1. * interp_theta = .false. (real only) * lagrange_order = 2 (real only) For details on hypsometric_opt and interp_theta, see paper by Wee et al. (2012) * Masked SST handled better in real. * Surface pressure recalculated in ndown. * a fix for idealized tropical cyclone initialization. * a fix for polar projection for grib IO. * fixes for binary IO. | **tc.exe** * The restriction to compile without nesting is removed. | **namelist.input** * A few physics sensitivity-related namelist variables are removed: icloud, isfflx, ifsnow. | **Software** New Features: * A capability to interpolate a physics variable read-in or computed on the coarse grid to nest. * Added support for SGI MPT, and NEC SX Improvements: * pnetCDF on small-memory machine. | **Compilation** * Because of a problem with bit-for-bit results with Version 3.3.1 and PGI, the arch/configure_new.defaults file has been edited to comment out '-fastsse,' correcting the problem. | | | .. _WRFV3.3.1: WRFV3.3.1 --------- .. note:: The V3.3.1 WRF can use V3.3 and V3.2 (and V3.1) wrfinput and wrfbdy files. However there are fixes in V3.3.1 program real (see below), and one may benefit from the change if wrfinput and wrfbdy files are regenerated. | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Microphysics* * Thompson scheme: modified fall speed, change in graupel size distribution (small effect); fix for processor-count-dependent result (thanks to A. Lenzen) * WDM5 / 6 scheme: missing density term in auto conversoin from cloud to rain, resulting in reduction of cloud water mixing ratio (thanks to M. Gilmore) * SBU scheme: unit correction (small effect) * Morrison scheme: a number of fixes (see detail in phys/module_mp_morrison.F) * replaced kinematic with dynamic viscosity * replaced scaling by air density for cloud droplet sedimentation with viscosity-dependent Stokes expression * use Ikawa and Saito (1991) air-density scaling for cloud ice * corrected typo in 2nd digit of ventilation constant F2R * temperature for accelerated melting due to collision of snow and graupel with rain should use Celsius, not Kelvin (reported by K. Van Weverburg) * NPRACS is not subtracted from snow number concentration, since decrease in snow number is already accounted for by NSMLTS * fix for switch for running w/o graupel/hail (cloud ice and snow only) *Cumulus* * GD / G3 schemes: fix for cloud water conservation. Will result in reduction of surface rainfall. * GD scheme: prevention of possible division by zero (no effect on results, thanks to E. Kemp) * NSAS scheme: fix for cloud water and cloud ice tendency output for Ferrier and Kessler schemes *Planetary boundary layer physics* * YSU: minor change to allow the scheme to work with thin surface layer * ACM2: larger dimension for message *Surface physics* * PX LSM: preventing use of landuse categories other than 24 cat USGS (modis support to come in next release) * RUC LSM: un-initialized variable (reported by C. Chen of Fujisu America). An important correction to 2m T diagnostic when RUC LSM is used with MM5 surface layer option (or sf_sfclay_physics = 1) * sst_update: fix a problem with two-way nesting when sst field itself is masked. * Ocean mixed layer :if tml < tmoml, tml is set to tmoml. There was no change to tml before under this condition *Wind-farm (drag)* * fix a bug to find wind turbine location (thanks to Yulong Ma) | **Nudging** * obs-nudging: Fix for obs nudging to actually use user-defined obs_max_sndng_gap, and the new surface obs spreading scheme (obs_sfc_scheme_horiz = 1) (thanks to B. Reen) | **Adaptive Time Stepping** * Fix for physics call control in adaptive time stepping runs for nest: affect all radiation calls, and some of cumulus calls (if cudt is not set to 0). The bug would result in occasionally skipped physics calls, and in the worse scenario the period could last for several hours in particular for radiation physics. The problem may be worse for fine time steps. (Thanks to Yubao Liu, Badri Nagarajan, and Shanhong Gao for the report) | **Dynamics** * SKEB: bug fix, and allow users to specify which domain to use the option. * DFI: fix for resetting BC initialization for negative dt. * option to use vertical motion in the wrfinput file (use_input_w=1) * Add an alternative way (log(p) dependent) to diagnose geopotential height in program real, and (inverse) density in wrf model. This option is controlled by namelist hypsometric_opt: = 1 is the original method, and = 2 is the new method (thanks to T. K. Wee). | **Initialization/IO/others** * Program real * interpolation of pressure is linear, and of temp is log p, independent of the user set option, interp_type. * option to vertically interpolate temperature instead of potential temperature (interp_theta = .false. will interpolate temperature). * psfc on output of program real (wrfinput_d0X) is consistent with the surface pressure used in other calculations in the program. * Bug fix for not processing data in the middle of the domain in program real. (Posted 5/27/2011) * fix for NO_LEAP_CALENDAR compile for possible failure when running real (thanks to T. Otte). * grib1: remove un-initialized variable (reported by C. Chen) * tc bogus: remove un-initialized variable (reported by C. Chen) * Add diagnostics for max/min, time of max/min, mean and standard deviation values of surface variables: T2, Q2, U10, V10, skin temperature, time-step rainc (raincv and rainncv). The option is controled by namelist output_diagnostics = 1, and output goes to auxiliary output stream 3 by default (thanks to L. Fita, J. Fernandez, and M. Garcia-Diez of Spain): .. code-block:: &time_control ... output_diagnostics = 1 auxhist3_outname = "wrfxtrm_d" io_form_auxhist3 = 2 auxhist3_interval = 1440 frame_per_auxhist3 = 1 | **Software** * ESMF updated to 5.2.0r * p-netCDF support for io quilting: modified to reduce the size of storage needed. This helps to reduce the wrf executable size on some IBMs by a factor of 10 (thanks to A. Porter of UK). * bug fix for configuring on a ubuntu or openSUSE system (posted 4/8/2011) * fix for serial build with nesting (revealed by gfortran) | | | .. _WRFV3.3: WRFV3.3 ------- .. note:: The V3.3 WRF can use V3.2 (and V3.1) wrfinput and wrfbdy files. However there are fixes in V3.3 program real (see below), and one may benefit from the change if wrfinput and wrfbdy files are regenerated. | New in Version 3.3 ++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Cumulus and shallow convection parameterization options* * Tiedtke scheme, with shallow convection and momemtum transport (contributed by Zhang and Wang of University of Hawaii. See Tiedtke, 1989, MWR; and Zhang, Wang and Hamilton, 2011, MWR, 139, 3489-3513) * New SAS (Simplied Arakawa-Schubert Scheme) from GFS with shallow convection and momemtum transport. (contributed by Hong et al. of University of Yonsei, S. Korea. See Han and Pan, 2011, Weather and Forecasting, in press) * Zhang-McFarlane scheme from CESM (a climate model), with momentum transport, and shallow convection as a separate option (see below). (Contributed by PNNL: Gustafson, Fast and Rasch. See Zhang and McFarlane 1995, Atmosphere and Ocean). * SAS is adapted for ARW in this release (thanks to Zhang and Wang of U. of Hawaii). Shallow convection is included. Momentum transport is not on. * A new trigger function based on Ma and Tan (2009, Atmospheric Research) is added to Kain-Fritsch scheme. The new trigger tends to trigger less convection in weakly forced environment. * University of Washington shallow convection (contributed by PNNL: Gustafson, Fast and Rasch. See Park of Bretherton, 2009, J. of Climate) *Microphysics option* * Stony-Brook University scheme (contributed by Lin and Colle. See Lin and Colle, MWR, 2011, in press). This is a 5-class scheme with riming intensity predicted to account for mixed-phase processes. *Atmospheric radiation option* * Goddard long- and short-wave scheme (contributed by Shi and Matsui of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) *PBL options* * University of Washington (TKE) scheme. (Contributed by PNNL: Gustafson, Fast and Rasch. See Bretherton and Park 2009, J. of Climate) * Total Energy-Mass Flux scheme (contributed by Angevine of NOAA) *Surface layer physics option* * TEMF option. Works with TEMF PBL only. *Wind-farm (drag) parameterization* * (contributed by Fitch and Alok Gupta of University of Bergen, Norway) (see README.windturbine) | **Dynamics** * Stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme for perturbing forecasts (contributed by Berner of NCAR. See Shutts, 2005, QJRMS; Berner et al. 2011, MWR, 138, 1972-1995) | **Initialization** * One-way nested DFI (contributed by Hutchinson of WSI and Chen of IUM, China) * If fdda, sst_update, all_ic_times are not requested, then non-boundary calculations are excluded for efficiency purpose in program real. * A way to initialize inland lake temperature using diurnally averaged skin temp. * Idealized tropical cyclone case (contributed by Bryan of NCAR) | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Atmospheric Radiation* * RRTMG longwave: Improvement for temperature in stratosphere. This is similar to the improvement put in RRTM in V3.2. Reinstall fixes for clear-sky in v3.2 with consistant data files. * RRTMG long- and short-wave schemes are coupled with chemistry option. * Old Goddard shortwave scheme: correct outgoing SW diagnostics at TOA. * CAM radiation: restore aborts if there is an error. * slope effect on radiation: correct a bug if not all domains are using the option. *Microphysics* * Thompson microphysics: bug fix and updates (see notes released on 12/13/2010) * Old Thompson scheme: this is removed * Milbrandt scheme: updated and minor fixes: * corrected latent heat constants in thermodynamic functions (ABi and ABw) for sublimation and evaporation * properly initialized variables No_g and No_h * changed max ice crystal size (fallspeed) to 5 mm (2 m s-1) * imposed maximum ice number concentration of 1.e+7 m-3 * removed unused supersaturation reduction * Morrison microphysics: * Modification for coupling with WRF-Chem (predicted droplet number concentration) as an option * Modify fallspeed below the lowest level of precipitation, which prevents potential for spurious accumulation of precipitation during sub-stepping for sedimentation * Bug fix to latent heat release due to collisions of cloud ice with rain * WDM5, WDM6: minor fixes * Eta scheme: allow for interaction with cumulus detrained cloud *Cumulus* * GD cumulus: minor fix for vertical shear calculation * G3 cumulus: fix for vertical shear calculation and entrainment rate *Planetary boundary layer physics* * MYJ: TKE_MYJ and EL_MYJ are renamed to TKE_PBL and EL_PBL * BouLac scheme: add PBL height diagnostics * MYNN PBL: QKE (TKE at half levels) is now advected * LES: add HFX to output *Surface physics* * Noah LSM: allow seasonal roughness length changes, fix underground run-off. * PX LSM: minor fix. * LANDUSE.TBL: correct some categories in MODIS part. * tmn_update: fix for the case when adaptive time stepping option is used. * Ocean mixed layer: limit mixing by layer-mean temperature. *Gravity Wave Drag* * clean-up, minor fix, add diagnostic output | **Nudging** * obs-nudging: add mm5 method to surface obs nudging. | **Single-Column Model (SCM)** * addition of surface and large-scale forcing * not limited to use Noah LSM | **Adaptive Time Stepping** * additional horizontal stability control by using new namelist option 'target_hcfl' * restore correct output times by using namelist option 'adjust_output_times'. | **Dynamics** * Minor fix for pressure calculation in hydrostatic option. * Fix the use of perturbaion Coriolis for open boundary condition. | **Initialization/IO** * If specific humidity (most datasets have RH) is processed by WPS 3.2 (and 3.2 only because it introduced a new data flag: flag_sh) and passed to program real, then it is possible that RH calculation is ignored, hence resulting in errors in WRF input file. This is corrected in V3.3. * Fix for RH-to-mixing ratio calculation if 'rh2qv_wrt_liquid' is false (default is true). * A new method to compute mixing ratio from RH is added. To use the new method, add namelist 'rh2qv_method = 2' in &domains. This method appears to compute a very slightly drier atmosphere (contributed by Wee of UCAR). * Fix vertical interpolation using log pressure (interp_type=2) near surface where extrapolation may be needed (thanks to Wee of UCAR for the report). * Allow for microphysical variables in the input automatically if WPS processes them . It was a compile option before. * Fix for surface pressure and 2 m mixing ratio in wrfinput: they are now consistent with input. Both are not used by the model, though. * IO associated with restart: there were a couple of problems / issues as a result of V3.2 updates: * output frequencies for history (wrfout) and restart (wrfrst) after restart: if one would make the frequency longer, the first output it would write would have used the old frequency. This is due to the IO alarms written to wrfrst file. This can be corrected by using namelist 'override_restart_timers = .true.' in &time_control * there is not a wrfout file at the start of a restart run - this is not an error, it is just a different behaviour from the new restart. Output can be forecd by using namelist option 'write_hist_at_0h_rst = .true.'. Care must be taken when using namelist ''override_restart_timers': if you use fdda and sst_update, and if you restart at a time which is not a data time, then the restart run could be wrong because it may use the wrong data for fdda and sst_update. | **Nesting** * Correct global attributes in nested wrfout files if nest wrfinput is not used. * Time-series output for a nest is created even if nest wrfinput is not used. * reactivate 'time_to_move' option for moving nest. | **namelist.input** * further improved namelist check and advisory prints | **Software** New Features: * p-netCDF support for io quilting (contributed by Andrew Porter of Daresbury Lab, UK) Improvements: * Internal checks are added inside the configure script to determine 32-bit vs 64-bit options in the compilers so that they are consistent with the libraries (such as netCDF). Also see 'Known Problems and Fixes'. * Improved error messages when using runtime IO. | | | .. _WRFV3.2.1: WRFV3.2.1 --------- .. note:: Same as for V3.1, the V3.2 WRF can use V3.0 wrfinput and wrfbdy files as long as you don't use the gravity wave drag option which requires new data from geogrid, and add a new namelist variable, use_baseparam_fr_nml in &dynamics. V3.2 can also use V3.1 input, again as long as one does not try to use the new capablities in V3.2. In any case, rerunning the new programs is recommended. Be cautioous when using new options. | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** * adapt several microphysics schemes to work at very low pressure (< 5 haPa): wdm5, wdm6, morrison, wsm3, wsm5, wsm6, * myjsfc, myjpbl: changes the computation of virtual potential temperature so that it does NOT include cloud condensate. * Thompson: Fixes a problem with tile artifacts appearing in RAINNC field and probably other model fields when Thompson microphysics used with numtiles set to a high value * YSU: minor bug fixes for PBL Prandtl number calculation in stable and unstable conditions * MYNN level 3 scheme: fix restart problem * new namelist tice2tsk_if2cold to control unrealistic surface temp under special circumstance * new namelist to control soil moisture nudging with PX LSM option: pxlsm_soil_nudge. This option used to share the switch with surface FDDA option * URBPARM.TBL change: road width, roof level, etc.. Some values in this table were wrong in the 3.2 version. * Initialize variable used in BEP and BEM urban options * RRTMG LW reverse a change made for 3.2 that can cause warming spike | **dynamics** * tracer option can be used without compiling with chemistry * fix for tracer across nest domain boundaries * curvature term correction for rotated lat-lon projection, small effect unless a mass point falls on the pole * pressure iniitialization at a domain start time is now consistent with the equation used during model integration | **Initialization/IO** * fix pressure calculation in real so that it is consistent with that in model. The problem was introduced in V3.2 due to the change of using vertically interpolated RH, rather than mixing ratio * capability to use p_interp generated metgrid output data (use with caution, since the data at top of the model will be extrapolated) * fix new option surface_input_source = 3 introduced in 3.2, so that dominant categories will not be recalcuated * fix a problem with initializing complicated nested domains * fix error with fields being incorrectly zeroed out in the real program when writing FDDA files (posted since 4/20/2010) * fix error for writing FDDA files when compiling WRF-Chem * fix uninitialized ProcOrient field in linked lists of state variables, which could lead to unexpected stop during a run (posted since 5/5/2010) * fix for runtime IO for 4D arrays * binary: add get/put functions to ensure that the sr_x and sr_y attributes are set properly for binary I/O * no leap year change for all programs (thanks to T. Otte of EPA), and now the compile option -DNO_LEAP_CALENDAR works * pnetCDF: Syntax error in a READ format clause in pNetCDF interface * Performance fix for reading boundary conditions from a long series | **ndown/restart** * ndown: use base state parameters written in coarse grid output. Make sure to use the same base state parameters to generate nest input * fix problems with either wrflowinp or wrffdda not being updated right after restart if the restart time is a data time - the error was introduced in 3.2 when the problems with not being able to restart at non-data times was fixed. If the restart time is a not a data time, then it is ok in 3.2. | **tc bogussing** * Multi tropical storm bogusing * Finite difference using WRF horizontal staggering * New namelist variable to restrict the height of the rankine vortex (rankine_lid) | **namelists** * Add io_form_auxinput3 = 2 in scm namelist * namelist.input.chem change * More namelists cross checks * README.namelist update | **Software, configure and compile** * default no of processors used in parallel make is now 2 (instead of 6) * add start and end time for compile to show how it takes * clean up DFI_RADAR compile logic * parallel compile for chemistry when KPP is excluded * Make the timing routine available even when the code is not compiled for DM_PARALLEL * some fixes for GPU compile | | | .. _WRFV3.2: WRFV3.2 ------- .. note:: Same as for V3.1, the V3.2 WRF can use V3.0 wrfinput and wrfbdy files as long as you don't use the gravity wave drag option which requires new data from geogrid, and add a new namelist variable, use_baseparam_fr_nml in &dynamics. V3.2 can also use V3.1 input, again as long as one does not try to use the new capablities in V3.2. In any case, rerunning the new programs is recommended. Be cautioous when using new options. | New in Version 3.2 ++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** * Milbrandt-Yau double moment microphysics (mp_physics = 9), including separate hail and graupel categories (contributed from Milbrandt, Environment Canada) * shallow convection option in G3 cumulus scheme (ishallow = 1) * BEM: building energy model (sf_urban_physics = 3). Including building anthropogenic terms (contributed from F. Salamanca and A. Martilli of CIEMAT, Spain) (Ref: A new Building Energy Model coupled with an Urban Canopy Parameterization for urban climate simulations_part II. Validation with one dimension off-line simulations. Theor Appl Climatol DOI 10.1007/s00704-009-0143-8) * Chen-Zhang modified Zilitinkevich thermal roughness length for sf_sfclay_physics = 1, 2 (iz0tlnd = 1) (Ref: F. Chen and Y. Zhang (2009), On the coupling strength between the land surface and the atmosphere: From viewpoint of surface exchange coefficients. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L10404, doi:10.1029/2009GL037980). * Garratt surface enthalpy flux option (isftcflx = 2) for tropical storms * dissipative heating for tropical storms (isftcflx > 0) | **WRF-fire** (contributed by J. Coen, J. Mandel, J. Beezley, M. Kim) | **Dynamics / Filters** * nonlinear backscatter anisotropic (NBA) turbulence option: sfs_opt=1,2. Sub-grid stress model for LES (contributed from J. Mirocha of Lawrence Livermore) (Ref: Mirocha, J. D., B. Kosovic and J. K. Lundquist: Implementation of nonlinear subfilter turbulence stress models into WRF. To be submitted) * time-averaged flux output: do_avgflx_em, do_avgflx_cugd. Useful for offline transport models (contributed by T. Nehrkorn of AER) | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** * hydrostatic pressure used for many of the physics options. also available in history output (p_hyd) for post-processing. *Atmospheric Radiation* * RRTM longwave: fix for cooling problem near model top (see paper by Cavallo et al.), hydrostatic pressure input * CAM radiation: hydrostatic pressure input, OpenMP fix, fix input moisture converting to specific humidity * GFDL radiation: input hydrostatic pressure instead of computing it * RRTMG radiation: minor fix to longwave clear-sky, cloud effects now include ice plus snow, not just ice * Goddard shortwave: hydrostatic pressure input *Microphysics* * Thompson microphysics: improve efficiency of table initialization * WRF Single and Double Moment microphysics schemes: added semi-lagrangian fall terms, correction for precip going to LSMs with long time-steps (> 120 s) * Morrison microphysics: use model constants instead of own * Lin microphysics: add snow information output, fixes for Chem use *Cumulus* * GD cumulus: minor mods including hydrostatic pressure input * G3 cumulus: input hydrostatic pressure * KF cumulus schemes: minor fix for rainfall going to LSMs *Planetary boundary layer physics* * QNSE surface/pbl: fix 2m and 10m diagnostics * GWDO (gravity wave drag, ARW version): use hydrostatic pressure for stability with thin layers * ACM2 PBL: minor improvements * MYNN PBL: output PBL height * YSU PBL: minor correction for Prandtl number in unstable conditions and change for upper-air mixing scale * MYJ PBL: fix to PBL height computation *Surface physics* * Noah LSM: output diagnostic relative soil moisture (smcrel), improve snow-cover, improve budget terms (internal) * BEP urban option: improvements * slope/shading effects generalized to all shortwave options and moved to surface driver * RUC LSM has new sfcdiags for its diagnostic outputs, added sea-ice treatment, improved snow * PX LSM: add sea ice and lake ice effects * fix for sst_update and fractional sea-ice options: modify snow, albedo, and emissivity when a grid point changes from sea-ice to open water * Ocean mixed layer: separate from 5-layer soil model, can be called with any LSM | **Nudging** * obs-nudging: add runtime controls for vertical spread of surface obs, other improvements, bug fixes (see README.namelist for a list of new options) * grid-nudging: minor fix to PBL regime calculation | **Initialization/IO** * RH vertical interpolation instead of qv * fixes for input bad (high values) qv at high levels - this is a companion fix for RRTM longwave radiation. * use dominant land and soil categories from WPS/geogrid without recalculation (surface_input_source = 3) * Fixes for digital filter initialization, and zero boundary tendency option * improvement for adaptive time-stepping for nests (new namelist: adaptation_domain) * SCM option: improvements for large-scale advection * tracer 4d array added for use in chemistry and other applications * precipitation output: add buckets with specified frequency (new namelist: prec_acc_dt in minutes, and new output fields: prec_acc_c, prec_acc_nc and snow_acc_nc) * removing output fields when options are not selected | **Nesting/ndown/restar** * 2-way nesting: fixed a problem with noise or blow-ups over complex terrain at nest boundary * ndown: able to increase vertical resolution by an integer factor (new namelist: vert_refine_fact) (contributed from M. Moustaoui and A. Mahalov of ASU) * restart with nudging and sst_update: fixed so restart can happen at a non-data time * restart: the wrfout file that appears at restart time is removed | **namelist.input** * extra namelists for CAM radiation option are no longer required - they are assigned automatically (cam_abs_freq_s, cam_abs_dim1, cam_abs_dim2, levsiz and paerlev) * improved namelist check and advisory prints * due to expanded IO capabilities, one needs to add extra namelist in the following cases: * using sst_update option: add io_form_auxinput4 = 2 in &time_control * using fine_input_stream: add io_form_auxinput2 = 2 in &time_control | **Software** New Features: * run-time input/output field specification and increased number of auxiliary I/O streams (see README.io_config) * improve domain decomposition for MPI and OpenMP to increase the maximum number of processors/threads allowed and please add these: * added support for GPU acceleration of microphysics (WSM3 and WSM5) using PGI 10.3 accelerator directives (read more) * WRF and WPS ported to 64-bit Windows (read more) * improved performance and scaling to 10^5 cores on high-end systems including Blue Gene/P and Cray XT5 * ESMF 4 support | | | .. _WRFV3.1.1: WRFV3.1.1 --------- | **Physics** * QNSESFC - remove print. * BEP URBAN - allocate large arrays only if used (save space) - fix for nested runs. * PX LSM - initialize surface snow when nudging not used, fix surface nudging interval to use sgfdda interval, restart problem. * OpenMP issue fixed with the following combination of sfclay, surface and pbl physics: * QNSE sfclay, QNSE PBL and Noah LSM * QNSE sfclay, QNSE PBL and RUC LSM * MM5 sfclay, YSU PBL and RUC LSM * RUC LSM: use ACSNOM, and allow time-varying background albedo. * Correct for a few typos in LANDUSE.TBL. * CU G3 - fixed for OpenMP. * Thompson and Thompson07 - allocate at run time (save space). * LIN MP - fix units for WRF-Chem part. Minor change for rain evaporation calculation from Peter Blossey (UW). * surface_driver - fix for logicals set in OpenMP sections. * CAM radiation - allocate local large arrays at run time (save space). Partially fixed OpenMP issue, but for global and adaptive time step cases, these are still not resolved. * physics_init, start_em - clean-up use of ONLY. * If mp_zero option is activated, it extends to the boundary zone. It also modifies scalar and chem species. | **Dynamics** * curvature - fix to small term in lat/long proj. * surface w - add map factors (small effect). * php is now correctly declared as a non-staggered variable in Registry. | **Nudging** * Observation nudging for the nests: correct a problem with radius of influence for the nests * Spectral nudging is activated. | **Initialization/nesting/IO** * Running ndown.exe and use of namelist variable fine_input_stream = 2 no longer requires the use of namelist variable 'use_baseparm_fr_nml'. * Bogus utility compile fixed for ifort. Still requires serial and no-nesting compile. * Nesting with 1:2 ratio was fixed in this release. * Nesting with 1:5 ratio was fixed when large number of processors are used. * Checks for num_metgrid_soil_levels specified in the namelist against data in program real. * Use of 3D RUC soil temperature and moisture data fixed. * Add pole_lat and pole_lon to meta data to assist for post-processing. | **namelists** * README.namelist, and examples.namelist were updated to correct a few errors. * Default latitude for starting polar filtering for lat/lon domain has been set to 91, instead of 45 degrees. This is to avoid terrain-filtering even for regional domains. | **Software** * Memory requirement per processor reduced. * Improve compile time by removing unnecessary compile. * Compilation using IBM xlf 12 compiler. * Improved compile option for blue gene. * Remove diagnostic prints from decomposition. | | | .. _WRFV3.1: WRFV3.1 ------- .. note:: The V3.1 WRF can use V3.0 wrfinput and wrfbdy files as long as you don't use the gravity drag option which requires new data from geogrid, and add a new namelist variable, use_baseparam_fr_nml in &dynamics. Rerunning the new programs is recommended. New options have not been tested extensively. Please use with caution. | New in Version 3.1 ++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** * Thompson microphysics (from Greg Thompson of NCAR/RAL) * WRF Double Moment schemes for 5 and 6-class microphysics (from K. S. Lim and S. Y. Hong of Yonsei University, South Korea) * Quasi-normal scale elimination (QNSE) PBL and surface layer schemes (from B. Galperin [U. S. Florida) and S. Sukoriansky [Ben Gurion Univ of Israel]) * Mellor-Yamada Nakanishi Niino (MYNN) level 2.5 and level 3 PBL and MYNN surface schemes (from M. Pagowski of NOAA/GSD) * Bougeault-Lacarrere PBL (BouLac, from A. Martilli of CIEMAT, Spain) * Building Environment Parameterization, a multi-layer urban canopy model (from A. Martilli (CIEMAT, Spain), S. Grossman-Clarke (Arizona State U), M. Tewari of NCAR). BEP currently only works with MYJ and BouLac (new in 3.1) PBL options (read more) * MODIS 20 category landuse data for Noah LSM * RRTMG long- and short-wave radiation schemes (from M. Iacono and E. Mlawer of AER) (see paper by Iacono et al.) * Fractional sea-ice and modification for snow/ice LSM physics (from BPRC of OSU) * Deep soil temperature update and diurnal variation of SST; bucket option for precipitation (from R. Leung and X.-B. Zeng) and energy flux accumulation for regional climiate application * Gravity wave drag parameterizaton (from S. Y. Hong and H. Y. Shin of YSU) | **Dynamics** * Monotonic transport scheme | **Nudging** * Gridded surface analysis nudging (from A. J. Deng and D. R. Stauffer of PSU) * Spectral nudging (using gridded analysis) (from G. Miguez-Macho (U Santiago de Compostela, Spain) | **Initialization** * New idealized case: single column model (from J. Hacker of NCAR/RAL) * Introduce a new parameter to define base state temperature in stratosphere. This allows the model top to be extended to 5 mb (iso_temp) * Option to start moving nest at some specified time (time_to_move) * Capability to interpolate soil data from any external source to what is required in the model * SKINTEMP is no longer a required field, it may be substituted by diurnally averaged surface temp (TAVGSFC computed using WPS utility program avg_tsfc.exe) by using namelist variable use_tavg_for_tsk. * A simple TC bogus option using tc.exe. Works for isobaric data after WPS. Run after WPS and before real. | Improvements and Bug fixes ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ **Physics** *Microphysics* * Goddard * Morrison * Lin * Ferrier (update to NCEP operational version) *PBL and surface layer physics* * YSU * MYJ PBL and MYJ surface layer physics (update to NCEP operational version) * ACM2 *Land surface and urban physics* * Noah LSM: albedo, z0 and emissivity calculation dependent on vegetation fraction; no longer use data from LANDUSE.TBL; snow albedo change * UCM fixes; table name changed to URBPARM.TBL * PX LSM: albedo change and fixes, nesting fix. *Atmospheric Radiatio* * CAM: add CO2 variation; add no-leap year option; fix CO2 for shortwave; fix aerosols for longwave; add volcanic aerosol initialization for longwave-only CAM. *Cumulus schemes* * KF: fixed a problem introduced when adaptive time step was implemented. * old KF: fixed a problem using -O3 -qhot optoin on IBM. | **Nudging Options** * Fixed wrong GMT info in wrfout file when grid analysis nudging (wrffdda) is used. * Bug fixes for observation nudging | **Dynamics/Diffusion/Filter Options** * namelist variable pd_moist, pd_tke, pd_scalar and pd_chem (logical switch) are now moist_adv_opt, tke_adv_opt, scalar_adv_opt and chem_adv_opt (real number of 1). This is to accomodate a second option in this category, the monotomic option (2). * tke bc3d correction for restart * minor fixes for polar fft * vertical motion fix at nest moving time (this does affect results) * unify model constants for idealized case initialization. | **Initialization/Nesting/Restart/IO** * Fixed for occasional failure of real when surface is below sea level. * Option to compute qvapor with respect to water or ice in real. * Fixed for computing dry atmospheric pressure when geopotential height is not available in real. Geopotential height will first be estimated now rather than ignored. * Base state parameters (base_temp, base_pres, base_lapse, iso_temp) are now written to wrfinput file for model to use. Avoid using different values in real and wrf. If V3.1 real is not used, it will require the use of a new namelist, use_baseparm_fr_nml, to tell wrf you are using the namelist values. * Fixed a problem associated with nested terrain adjustment and cycled model runs. * Fixed for occasional failure of adaptive time stepping, mostly at restart time. * Fixed errors associated with nest ratios 4 and 5. * Wind rotation fix in time series output. | **namelist.input change** * ucmcall is changed to sf_urban_physics * pd_moist/tke/scalar/chem are changed to moist/tke/scalar/chem_adv_opt | **Software** New Features: * ESMF 3.1 * Relax restrictions on number of processors decomposing a domain (so-called "over-decomposition") * Extra dimensions to 4-D tracer arrays * Improve compilation * Break up large routines, e.g. solve_em * Use ONLY clause * OpenMP compilation improvements * Automatic test for NetCDF large file support * IBM default optimization turned up .. code-block:: -DNATIVE_MASSV with -lmass and -lmassv * Registry changes * Package dependent allocation of state variables * Multi-character dimspecs | | | .. _WRFV3.0.1.1: WRFV3.0.1.1 ----------- | A WRF Model bug fix (version 3.0.1.1) has been released on August 22, 2008. Version 3.0.1.1 has only a limited number of bug fixes and users only need to get the new version if they are affected by one of more of the following: * Over decomposing domains * Grib edition 2 output * ndown (offline 1-way nesting) with the ifort compiler * 3d sea breeze case (existing sea breeze case is 2d by default) * Multiple time period initialization for a global domain * Observation nudging using either fine grids or with dynamic initialization In order to upgrade to version 3.0.1.1, users can obtain a new copy of the code from the download pages, or download a patch. Details regarding the fixes are listed below. **Default compiler optimizations on IBM** |br| Version 3.0 and 3.0.1 were released with"-O3 -qhot" as the default optimization settings. However, a number of problems with accuracy and execution stability have been reported with the -qhot setting, so this option has been commented out in this 3.0.1.1 update, leaving just -O3 as the default setting. The -qhot option can be reenabled by removing the '#' comment character on the FCOPTIM line and recompiling. The option does improve computational performance and the issues with -qhot appear to depend on WRF configuration and xlf compiler version, but until we have a better understanding (or until the issues are resolved) use of -qhot is at the user's discretion and risk. **Domain over decomposition** |br| Version 3.0.1 was released with code that detects when a WRF domain would be decomposed by too many processors, resulting in per-task subdomains that are too narrow in one or both horizontal dimensions. The code either generates an error and aborts (default) or attempts to correct by reducing the number of processors (compile time option, to enable see comment in configure.wrf file). This new feature as released in 3.0.1 was too sensitive, however, triggering error and aborts or processor reductions on domains that were within safe decomposition limits. This fix corrects that problem **Missing C comment sentinel** |br| A missing comment character needed to be added to the Grib edition 2 portion of the IO for the code to compile, which is an optional portion of the WRF system to build. **SYSTEM calls identified as either subroutine or function** |br| The ndown program uses non-standard SYSTEM calls to populate an array of available model output files to process. The build mechanism now assumes that the SYSTEM call is a function for the ifort compiler, and the SYSTEM call is a subroutine interface for all other compilers. **Swap coupled HALO and PERIOD communication order** |br| For idealized cases, using doubly period lateral boundary conditions, and with diff_opt = 1 or 2, it was possible to get u and v differences when changing the processor count. **Initialize the inverse map factor for V in the x-direction** |br| When turning the sea breeze case into a 3d domain (from the default 2d), the initialization for one of the map factors was absent. **Remove lateral boundary processing for global domains** |br| When the polar flag is set (i.e. a global domain is requested) the real program now excludes all lateral boundary activities (allocation, computation, IO) even when more than a single time period of data is processed. **Fix ramp-down time in dynamic initialization for observation nudging** |br| Without this patch, the ending time fdob%datend (minutes after which data are assumed to have ended) is not properly initialized, with the result that no observations are read in. Thanks to Brent Shaw for finding and reporting this problem. **Fix check to see if observations are in domain** |br| Previously, the observation nudging scheme incorrectly rejected observations that were in the fine grid domain. No impact on the coarse grid observation nudging. | | | .. _WRFV3.0.1: WRFV3.0.1 --------- | In this release, the following bug fixes and updates are provided: **Physics** *PBL, Surface layer and LSM physics* * Tropical storm moisture flux formulation (isftcflx = 1) is updated to NCAR 2007 formulation: moisture flux is enhanced at higher wind speed. * ACM2 PBL: minor update. * PX LSM: stop when landuse categories are not the standard USGS 24. * Noah LSM and MM5 surface layer option: use lowest model level pressure for saturation mixing ratio calculation instead of surface pressure. * Noah LSM: prevent undefined flux value. * PBL cloud tendencies corrected for 1) MYJ PBL + non-Ferrier; 2) ACM2 + Ferrier. * 1-D ocean mixed layer: correct feedback from ocean variables. *Microphysics* * Morrison scheme: some defaults change. Problem with OpenMP resolved. * Goddard scheme: OpenMP issue resolved. Minor fixes. * WSM schemes: use cpv instead cv in latent heating term. Small effect. * Lin scheme: correct graupel ventilation factor, an error introduced in V3, which caused over-prediction of cloud ice and graupel. *Cumulus schemes* * Grell-3: index correction. Still not working with OpenMP. Fix for optional use of closures (non-default). * GD: Fix for optional use of closures (non-default). Not yet working with OpenMP. *Atmospheric radiation* * CAM radiation: aerosols initialized with non-zero value; correct time-interpolation of monthly ozone data; fix accumulated radiative flux diagnostics (not turned on). | **Nudging Options** * Bug fixes for observation nudging: 1) update to use map routine provided in WRF (module_llxy.F) rather than the old llxy routine; 2) this help to correct observations projected onto the model domain when cen_lon is different from stand_lon; and 3) if surface pressure is not available in the data file, it will be estimated from SLP, so that potential temperature can be calculated. It is recommended to provide surface pressure data in the observation data file. | **Dynamics/Diffusion/Filter Options** * Upper level damping (damp_opt = 1): cos to cos squared profile. * LES PBL friction term (u* staggering and OpenMP issue) corrected. * Held-Suarez global test case fixed (map projection wasn't accounted for). | **Initialization/Nesting/Restart/Lateral boundary/IO** * Allow separate controls for nests when adaptive time step option is used. This seems to improve success rate of running nests with this option. * Using adaptive time step + KF + setting cudt = 0 now works. * Allowing nest ratios greater than 1:9. * Time series now outputs 2 m temperature and vapor mixing ratio instead of those at lowest model level. It also outputs actual latent heat flux, instead of moisture flux. Output from time series is described in run/README.tslist | **namelist.input, and test cases** * In test/em_real/ directory, namelist templates for wps, dfi, obs_fdda, grid_fdda plus other namelist options are combined into a new file called examples.namelist. One should cut and paste interested options to one's basic namelist.input file. * Some default options have been changed (e.g. input_from_file for nest, sf_surface_physics and num_soil_layers are set for Noah LSM option, etc.) * update to seabreeze2d_x case: input sounding change; use data from input sounding instead of hardwiring in the code. Default runtime option change. Map scale factor correction. | **Software** * OpenMP compile activated for all architectures (posted 5/23/08) * netcdf large file support can be set prior to configure and compile as an environment variable: .. code-block:: setenv WRFIO_NCD_LARGE_FILE_SUPPORT 1 * netcdf and pnetcdf can now be compiled together. * new way to run 'configure' without setting environment variables. For example, instead of using 'setenv WRF_DA_CORE 1' and './configure', now one can do './configure wrfda'. Other example is './configure arw'. * Allow for over-decomposition in X and Y. This would allow patch sizes to be small and communication to go beyond neighboring patches. * Issues with using older versions of IBM's XLF compiler (need to use -qsuffix=f=f90) are resolved. * NEC SX port. * serial+nest runtime problem fixed. * grib 1 and 2 IO option now works with new lat-lon map projection. * grib2 code can now be compiled on IBMs. * gridded nudging and io_quilting can now be used together (posted 7/28/08). * update to ESMF 3.1.0r. * Fix the problem with long argument lists that are non-standard Fortran and causing compile failure with some old compilers. | | | .. _WRFV3.0: WRFV3.0 ------- .. note:: The V3 WRF is NOT backward compatible with old input files. One must rerun WPS to generate data for real/wrf. New options have not been tested extensively. Please use with caution. | In this new release, the following new features and updates are provided: **Physics** New in this release: * Morrison 2-moment microphysics (contributed by H. Morrison, NCAR) * Goddard microphysics (contributed by Shi and Tao, NASA) * New Grell cumulus ensemble scheme (work better at ~ 5km grid sizes) * Unified Noah LSM. Improved emissivity treatment over snow. * ACM2 (Asymmetric convection model 2) PBL scheme (contributed by Pleim and Gilliam, EPA) * Pleim-Xiu LSM (2 level) (contributed by Pleim, Xiu and Gilliam, EPA) * Zaengl radiation/topography (slope/shadowing) effects for Dudhia shortwave scheme (contributed by Zaengl, Germany) * Sea ice and albedo updating capability for long simulations * 3D TKE coupled with surface fluxes (LES PBL) * Simple ocean mixed model (based on Pollard, Rhines and Thompson (1973), coupled with 5-layer soil model) * Modified surface drag for tropical storm application Improvements and Bug fixes: *PBL* * YSU: improvement for stable PBL. *Surface layer physics* * MM5 surface layer scheme (sf_sfclay_physics = 1) now uses convective velocity following Wyngaard (old MM5 method) to help in zero wind case *Land surface physics* * RUC LSM: minor update. Improved initialization from NAM data. * LANDUSE.TBL: some changes to emissivity values. * UCM has anthropogenic heat source added *Microphysics* * WSM6 schemes: use snow/graupel combined fall speed to represent gradual snow-to-graupel transition * WSM5: performance improvement. Will change result within roundoff * Lin: minor correction to graupel ventilation factor * Ferrier: 1. During melting precipitation ice particles are assumed to have the same mean diameter (1 mm) as at the freezing level. 2. Two changes intended to increase the presence of supercooled liquid water and improve forecast products for use in aircraft icing algorithms: 3a. The temperature at which small amounts of supercooled liquid water, if present, are assumed to be glaciated to ice was lowered from -30C to -40C. 3b. The temperature at which ice nucleation is allowed to occur was lowered from -5C to -15C based on aircraft icing observations *Cumulus schemes* * BMJ: * Triggering of deep and shallow convection is considered only for grid points with positive cape throughout a parcel's ascent; the search for parcel instability is extended to include not only whether the most unstable (highest theta-e) parcel can support convection, but also whether parcels originating at higher levels become positively buoyant when lifted to their LCL. Convective adjustments are made with respect to the parcel associated with the greatest instability (largest CAPE) * The search for the most unstable parcel is extended from the lowest twenty percent of the atmosphere to the lowest 40 percent of the atmosphere. * Water loading effects are now included in assessing the buoyant instability of parcels from which a revised (lower) cloud top is determined to be at the highest level of positive buoyancy. * The latent heat of vaporization used to calculate equivalent potential temperatures during model integration is made to be consistent with the value used in generating the initial lookup tables. * When a grid point fails the entropy check for deep convection but still has positive CAPE, changes in temperature and moisture by shallow convection are then considered at these so-called "swap" points. The first-guess estimate for the top of shallow convection is based on the highest level where the parcel remains positively buoyant (this is more restrictive than positive CAPE), and the vertical extent of shallow convection is not to exceed 0.2 times the atmospheric pressure depth (e.g., 200 hPa for a surface pressure of 1000 hPa). A final adjustment is made to the top of shallow convection in which it can extend to higher altitudes if the mean ambient relative humidity (RH) in the cloud layer exceeds a threshold RH while remaining positively buoyant (i.e. CAPE greater than 0). The threshold RH is based on the RH at cloud base that is consistent with a deficit saturation pressure of 25 mb (usually near 90%). (The maximum cloud top height for shallow convection remains limited to 450 hPa.) * The first-guess reference temperatures in the upper-half of shallow convective clouds are limited to be no more than 1 deg C colder than the ambient temperature.. *Atmospheric radiation* * CAM radiation can now be combined with other radiation schemes | **Nudging Options** * Bug fixes for three-dimensional grid analysis nudging (details) * Bug fixes for observation nudging (details) | **Dynamics/Diffusion/Filter Options** * Global modeling capability on latitude and longitude grid. Works also on a rotated lat and long grid. (Contributed by Richardson, Cal Tech) * Regional lat-long grid * Implicit upper boundary gravity-wave absorbing layer (damp_opt=3) * Diffusion modifications for isotropic and anisotropic mixing (mix_isotropic) * Rigid lid upper boundary condition (namelist control, top_lid) | **Initialization/Nesting/Restart/Lateral boundary/IO** * More options in program real to control near-surface interpolation. Option for not using surface data is added. * Improved T and RH at nest boundaries * Exponential lateral boundary function namelist option (spec_exp) * Doubly periodic boundary support from RSL_LITE * Automatic-vortex tracking level becomes runtime option (track_level). * Digital filter initialization (thanks to the contributions from GSD/NOAA, and Min Chen of BMB, China) * Variable time stepping: allows time step to increase and decrease according to model stability criterion during a model integration (contributed by Hutchinson of WSI) * Time series outputting capability (checks for the presence of time series station file: tslist. See run/README.tslist for details) * sst_update option now includes seaice and albedo update * wrflowinp input stream is changed from auxiliary stream 5 to 4 * Three new idealized test cases: * em_heldsuarez: idealized global case * em_les: large eddy simulation case (contributed by Moeng, NCAR) * em_seabreeze2d_x: an example to illustrate how to set up idealized case to utilize full physics, especially land surface physics (contribued by Joe Galewsky of University of NM) | **namelist.input** * No need to add all new namelist record in the namelist file. The code will not abort because of missing namelist records. A warning will be printed for information. * One namelist variable is removed: dyn_opt | **Software** New Features: * Large netcdf file support (for netcdf file size larger than 2 Gb) * If the expected netcdf file size will be greater than 2 Gb, set environment variable WRFIO_NCD_LARGE_FILE_SUPPORT to 1 prior to compilation. This feature requires netcdf version of 3.6 or later. * Streamlined infrastructure and memory utilization * Dynamic core selection now done at compile time * Reduced compile-time expansion of complex routines allowing more of WRF to be compiled with full optimization * Memory for physics packages conditionally allocated at run time * New, scalable data structures for lateral boundary conditions * Simplified build unified over WRF models, Chemistry, and Var * New or enhanced support for computer systems (compilers) * IBM Blue Gene and Power series (Xlf) * Linux x86, x86_64, and ia64 (PGI, Intel, Pathscale, g95, gfortran) * WinCCS (PGI) * Intel Mac (PGI, Intel, g95, and gfortran compilers) * Cray XT3/4 (PGI, Pathscale) * SGI Altix and Origin (Intel) * HP * NEC SX series * MPI support: MPICH (various), vendor versions, and Open MPI, Intel MPI * Misc: * Single executable ensemble support * Parallel NetCDF and enhanced Quilting * ESMF component capability * Full RSL_LITE support for nesting, transposes, periodic BCs etc. RSL communication package has been retired in V3 * GPU accelerated WSM5 microphysics (experimental) | | |