================== Namelist Variables ================== The following tables provide namelist.input variable options and descriptions. Not all namelist parameters require an entry for each domain, and doing so can cause an error during processing. In the tables provided, note whether variables are a "single entry" or "max_dom" entry, where "max_dom" indicates a value is expected for each domain. See the following resources for additional details and recommendations: * *WRF/Registry/* files * *WRF/run/README.namelist* (or *WRF/test/em_real/README.namelist*) * *WRF/test/em_real/examples.namelist* | | &time_control ============= | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ run_days |br| run_hours |br| run_minutes |br| run_seconds, 0, Simulation length in days\, hours\, minutes\, and seconds; Use any combination of *run_\** settings to obtain the full desired simulation length. *run_\** parameters take precedence over *start_\** and *end_\** times when running wrf.exe; real.exe does not use *run_\** settings, Single entry | | In the following section: * *start_\** times name the first wrfout file and control the start time for restarts. * *start_\** and *end_\** times control the start and end time for all domains. * *start_\** and *end_\** times are used by real.exe. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ start_year, 2019, 4 digit year of starting time, max_dom start_month, 9, 2 digit month of starting time, max_dom start_day, 4, 2 digit day of starting time, max_dom start_hour, 12, 2 digit hour of starting time, max_dom start_minute, 0, 2 digit minute of starting time, max_dom start_second, 0, 2 digit second of starting time, max_dom end_year, 2019, 4 digit year of starting time, max_dom end_month, 9, 2 digit month of starting time, max_dom end_day, 6, 2 digit day of starting time, max_dom end_hour, 0, 2 digit hour of starting time, max_dom end_minute, 0, 2 digit minute of starting time, max_dom end_second, 0, 2 digit second of starting time, max_dom | | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ interval_seconds, 10800, time interval between incoming data from WPS\, which is the interval (secs) between times in the lateral boundary condition file; em_real only, single entry input_from_file, .true., whether to use input files for nest domains, max_dom fine_input_stream, 0, option to select fields to use from nest input for initialization; |br| = 0 : all fields are used |br| = 2 : only input specified from input stream 2 (defined in Registry) are used for nests; must set io_form_auxinput2, max_dom history_interval, 60, Frequency (in simulation minutes) that data are written/recorded to history output file(s) (wrfout_d0); can also use history_interval_d\, history_interval_h\, history_interval_m\, history_interval_s\, alternatively to set the frequency in days\, hours\, mins\, secs\, respectfully, max_dom history_begin, 0, Number of mins from the start of the run in which the history output file (wrfout) is written; can also use history_begin_d\, history_begin_h\, history_begin_m\, history_begin_s alternatively to set the frequency in days\, hours\, mins\, secs\, respectfully, max_dom frames_per_outfile, 1, number of history output times bulked into each history file; used to split output files into smaller pieces, max_dom restart, .false., whether this run is a restart simulation, single entry restart_interval, 1440, restart output file interval in minutes, single entry override_restart_intervals, .false., .false. : uses all output intervals (including history) given by the wrfrst file; |br| .true. : uses restart output intervals given by namelist, single entry write_hist_at_0h_rst, .false., .false. = no history file written at restart initial time (prevents overwriting original history file at this time); |br| .true. = history file written at the intial time of the restart, single entry output_ready_flag, .true., tells the model to write out an empty file with the name "wrfoutReady_d;" useful in production runs so post-processing code can check on run completeness\, using this file, single entry force_use_old_data, .false., .false. = model stops when it detects input data prior to version 4; |br| .true. = allow input data prior to V4, single entry reset_simulation_start, .false., whether to overwrite the simulation start date with the forecast start time, single entry auxinput1_inname, "met_em.d.", name of input file from WPS; only necessary if not using the default file names, single entry auxinput4_inname, "wrflowinp_d", name of input file for lower boundary file; created by real.exe when sst_update=1, single entry auxinput4_interval, 360, interval in mins for lower boundary file; only used when sst_update=1, max_dom io_form_auxinput4, 2, I/O format for wrflowinp files; only used when sst_update=1 (2 = netCDF), single entry io_form_history, 2, I/O format of history output file(s); |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =102 : split netCDF files\, one per processor; must restart with same number of processors |br| = 1 : binary format; note: no supported post-processing software available |br| = 4 : PHDF5; note: no supported post-processing software available |br| = 5 : GRIB1 |br| = 10 : GRIB2 |br| = 11 : parallel netCDF, single entry io_form_restart, 2, I/O format of restart output files (wrfrst); |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =11 : parallel netCDF |br| =102 : split netCDF files\, one per processor; must restart with the same number of processors, single entry io_form_input, 2, I/O format of input (met_em) files; |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =11 : parallel netCDF |br| =102 : split netCDF files\, allows real.exe to read-in split met_em files\, and write split wrfinput files, single entry io_form_boundary, 2, I/O format of the wrfbdy file; |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =4 : PHDF5; note: no supported post-processing software available |br| =5 : GRIB1 |br| =10 : GRIB2 |br| = 11 : parallel netCDF, single entry ncd_nofill, .true., when set to .true. only gives a single "write" as opposed to "write/read/write" sequence; could potentially improve I/O speed, single entry io_form_auxinput2, 2, IO format for input stream 2 data; |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =4 : PHD5 |br| =5 : GRIB1 |br| =10 : GRIB2 |br| =11 : pnetCDF, single entry diag_print, 0, option to print out time series of model diagnostics; |br| |br| =0 : no print |br| =1 : domain-averaged 3-hourly hydrostatic surface pressure tendency (Dpsfc/Dt)\, and dry-hydrostatic column pressure tendency (Dmu/Dt) added to standard output file |br| =2 : option 1\, plus domain-averaged rainfall\, sfc evaporation\, and sensible and latent heat fluxes, single entry debug_level, 0, giving this a larger value (50\, 200\, etc.) increases debugging print-outs when running; |br| |br| NOTE: removed from default namelists - rarely provides useful info and adds extra junk to standard error/output files\, making them difficult to read and sometimes too large to write - causing runtime crashes, single entry auxhist9_outname, "auxhist9_d_", file name for extra output when using auxhist9. Only the first part can be changed (e.g.\, "rainfall_d_"), single entry auxhist9_interval, 10, interval (in mins) for output when using auxhist9, max_dom io_form_auxhist9, output file format when using auxhist9; |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =4 : PHD5 |br| =5 : GRIB1 |br| =10 : GRIB2 |br| =11 : pnetCDF, single entry frames_per_auxhist9, 1000, how many history output times are in each auxhist9 output file, max_dom auxinput11_interval, 10, interval (mins) for obs nudging input; should be set at the same (or greater) frequency as "obs_ionf" (with the unit of coarse domain time step), max_dom auxinput11_end_h, 6, end of the observation time (in hrs) when using obs nudging, max_dom nocolons, .false., set to .true. to replace colons with underscores in output file names, single entry all_ic_times, .false., set to .true. to output a "wrfinput" file for all time periods, single entry adjust_output_times, .false., adjust output times to the nearest hour, single entry output_diagnostics, 0, set to =1 to add 48 sfc diagnostic arrays (max/min/mean/std) in the specified time interval, single entry nwp_diagnostics, 0, set to =1 to add "history_interval" diagnostic fileds (10m wind sp\, 2-5 km max helicity\, max vert. velocity in updraft and downdraft below 400mb\, 2-5 km mean vert. velocity\, max column graupel; must also turn on "do_radar_ref", single entry | | | 3DVAR Applications ------------------ The following section is specific to the 3DVAR application. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ write_input, .false., set to .true. to write input-formatted data as output for 3DVAR application, single entry inputout_interval, 0, interval (in mins) when using the "write_input" option, max_dom input_outname, "wrf_3dvar_input_d_", output file name from 3DVAR, single entry inputout_begin_y |br| inputout_begin_d |br| inputout_begin_h |br| inputout_begin_m |br| inputout_begin_s, 0, beginning year\, day\, hour\, minute\, and second (respectively) to write 3DVAR data, max_dom inputout_end_y |br| inputout_end_d |br| inputout_end_h |br| inputout_end_m |br| inputout_end_s, 0, ending year\, day\, hour\, minute\, and second (respectively) to write 3DVAR data, max_dom | | | Vortex-following Applications ----------------------------- The following options are specific to the automatic moving nest application. WRF must have been compiled with nesting option *3=vortex following*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ input_from_hires, .false., set to .true. to use high-resolution terrain and landuse in the nests; this requires special input data\, and WRF must be compiled with environment variable setting TERRAIN_AND_LANDUSE, max_dom rsmas_data_path, "path-to-high-res-data-director", path the directory when the high-res data can be found, single entry | | | Run-time I/O Application ------------------------ The following options are specific to the runtime I/O option. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ iofields_filename, "my_iofields_list.txt", option to output additional variables\, or remove variables from output; must create a text file (e.g.\, my_iofields_list.txt) in which variables to add/remove are declared, max_dom ignore_iofields_warning, .true., the model will continue if an error is encountered in the user-specified file above; set to .false. to abort the model if an error is encountered, single entry | | | | &domains ======== | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ time_step, time step for model integration seconds; No more than 6xDX in km, single entry time_step_fract_num, 0, numerator if using a fractional time step, single entry time_step_fract_den, 1, denominator if using a fractional time step; (e.g.\, if you want a time step of 60.3 secs\, set time_step=60; time_step_fract_num=3; and time_step_fract_den=10), single entry time_step_dfi, " ", time step when using "dfi_opt=1" (may be different than regular time step), single entry max_dom, 1, the number of domains you are using in your simulation, single entry s_we |br| s_sn |br| s_vert, 1, start index in x (east-west)\, y (south- north)\, and z (vertical) directions\, respectively. DO NOT change these values, max_dom e_we |br| e_sn, 32, end index in x (east-west)\, and y (south- north) direction\, respectively; staggered dimension, max_dom e_vert, 31, end index in z (vertical) direction; staggered dimension for full levels (most variables are on unstaggered levels); vertical dimensions must be the same for all domains, max_dom dx |br| dy, 200, grid length (resolution) in the x and y directions (in meters), single entry ztop, 15000, height (in meters) used to define model top for idealized cases, max_dom grid_id, 1, domain identifier, max_dom parent_id, 1, ID of the domain's parent domain, max_dom i_parent_start |br| j_parent_start, 1, the starting lower left corner i-indice and j-indice of the nest within its parent domain, max_dom parent_grid_ratio, 1, parent-to-nest grid size ratio; recommend odd ratios (3:1 or 5:1); can be even if "feedback=0", max_dom parent_time_step_ratio, 1, parent-to-nest time step ratio; typically the same as "parent_grid_ratio\," but it doesn't have to be the same, max_dom feedback, 1, feedback data from nest to parent domain; set to =0 to turn off, single entry smooth_option, 2, smoothing option for parent domain; feedback must be turned on to use this option (feedback=1); |br| |br| =0 : turned off |br| =1 : 1-2-1 smoothing |br| =2 : smoothing-desmoothing, single entry hypsometric_opt, 2, When set to =2\, computes height in real.exe and pressure in the model by using the hypsometric equation (less biased when compared against input data); set to =1 to use a form of the hydrostatic equation that depends on air density, single entry max_ts_locs, 5, maximum number of time series locations when using the time series (tslist) option, single entry max_ts_level, 15, highest model level for profile output when using the time series option, single entry wif_input_opt, 0, option for additional data processing when using "mp_physics=28;" |br| |br| =1 : to process the Water Ice Friendly Aerosol input from metgrid; see "run/README.namelist" for additional info |br| =2 : (new since V4.4) use black carbon aerosol category and its radiative effect. Must include file QNWFA_QNIFA _QNBCA_SIGMA_MONTHLY.dat during WPS, single entry num_wif_levels, 30, number of levels in the Thompson Water Ice Friendly Aerosols; use with "mp_physics=28;" see run/README.namelist for additional info, single entry | | The following options are specific to running real.exe: .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ num_metgrid_levels, 27, number of vertical levels available in met_em* input; to check\, use command ncdump -h met_em.d0* (using the full name of one of the met_em* files), single entry num_metgrid_soil_levels, 4, number of soil levels or layers available in met_em* input; use the same command as above to check this value, single entry eta_levels, (for example) 1.0\, 0.99\, ...\, 0.0, model eta levels from 1 to 0. If not specified real.exe provides a reasonable set of numbers, single entry auto_levels_opt, 2, option to determine how vertical levels are determined; |br| |br| =1 : (older option) assumes a known first several layers\, then generates equi-height spaced levels up to the model top |br| =2 : set "dzstretch_s\," "dzstretch_u\," "dzbot\," and "max_dz" to stretch levels according to logP\, up to where it reaches max thickness (max_dz) and starting from thickness dzbot, single entry max_dz, 1000, max level thickness (in meters) allowed when "auto_levels_opt=2", single entry dzbot, 50, thickness (in meters) of lowest layer when "auto_levels_opt=2", single entry dzstretch_s, 1.3, surface stretch factor when using "auto_levels_opt=2", single entry dzstretch_u, 1.1, upper stretch factor when using "auto_levels_opt=2", single entry ideal_init_method, 1, method to compute albedo for idealized cases (in start_em.F file); |br| |br| =1 : albedo from phb |br| =2 : albedo from t_init, single entry interp_method_type, 2, horizontal interpolation method\, coarse grid to fine grid; note: for all options (except option 2)\, the fine-grid lateral boundaries use the same horizontal scheme for lateral BC computations; |br| |br| =1 : bi-linear |br| =2: Smolarkiewicz (SINT) method; note\, this is the default method\, but can break with implementation inside WRF for large refinement ratios (e.g.\, 15:1) - use other options for those extreme/rare occurrences |br| =3 : nearest-neighbor; only use for testing |br| =4 : overlapping quadratic |br| =12 : uses SINT\, and same scheme for computation of fine-grid lateral boundaries; only use for testing, single entry | | | Vertical Interpolation ---------------------- The following options are specific to vertical interpolation. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ force_sfc_in_vinterp, 1, use the sfc level as the lower boundary when interpolating through the set value number of eta levels; |br| |br| =0 : perform traditional trapping interpolation |br| =n : first "n" eta levels directly use sfc level, single entry maxw_horiz_pres_diff, 5000, pressure threshold (Pa); for using level of max winds when pressure difference between neighboring values exceeds this maximum\, the variable is NOT inserted into the column for vertical interpolation; real-data simulations only, single entry trop_horiz_press_diff, 5000, pressure threshold (Pa); for using the tropopause level when pressure difference between neighboring values exceeds this maximum\, the variable is NOT inserted into the column for vertical interpolation; real-data simulations only, single entry maxw_above_this_level, 30000, minimum pressure level (Pa) to allow using the level of max wind information in real; e.g.\, if setting this to 3000 (i.e.\, 300 hPa)\, a max wind value at 500 hPa is ignored; real-data simulations only, single entry use_trop_level, 0, set to =1 for the same as above\, but with tropopause level data, single entry interp_theta, .false., which temperature variable to vertically interpolate; |br| |br| =.false. : vertically interpolates temp (which may reduce bias when compared with input data) |br| =.true. : vertically interpolates potential temperature, single entry p_top_requested, 5000, pressure top (in Pa) to use in the model; this level must be available in WPS data, single entry interp_type, 2, type of vertical interpolation; |br| |br| =1 : vertical interpolation is linear in pressure |br| =2 : vertical interpolation is linear in log(pressure), single entry extrap_type, 2, type of vertical extrapolation for non- temperature variables; |br| |br| =1 : using the two lowest levels |br| =2 : using the lowest level as a constant below ground, single entry t_extrap_type, 2, type of vertical extrapolation for potential temperature; |br| |br| =1 : isothermal |br| =2 : -6.5 K/km lapse rate for temp |br| =3 : constant theta, single entry use_levels_below_ground, .true., whether to use levels below input sfc level for vertical interpolation; |br| |br| =.true. : use input isobaric levels below input surface |br| =.false. : extrapolate when WRF location is below input surface level, single entry use_surface, .true., use input sfc level data in vertical interpolation, single entry lagrange_order, 2, type of vertical interpolation order; |br| |br| =1 : linear |br| =2 : quadratic |br| =9 : cubic spline, single entry zap_close_levels, 500, ignore isobaric levels above sfc if delta p (Pa) < "zap_close_levels", single entry lowest_lev_from_sfc, .false., how to interpolate eta levels; |br| |br| =.true. : use sfc values for lowest eta (u\,v\,t\,q) |br| =.false.: use traditional interpolation, single entry sfcp_to_sfcp, .false., set to =.true. to compute model's sfc pressure when incoming data only has sfc pressure and terrain\, but not sea-level pressure, single entry use_tavg_for_tsk, .false., uses diurnally-averaged sfc temp (can be computed using WPS utility "avg_tsfc.exe") as skin temp; can use when SKINTEMP is not present, single entry rh2qv_wrt_liquid, .true., computes qv with respect to liquid water; set to .false. to compute with respect to ice, single entry rh2qv_method, 1, method for computing mixing ratio from relative humidity (RH); |br| |br| =1 : old MM5 method |br| =2 : WMO-recommended method (WMO- No. 49\, corrigendum\, August 2000), single entry use_sh_qv, .false., set to =.true. to use specific humidity and mixing ratio data from input - recommended if input data has high vertical resolution, single entry smooth_cg_topo, .false., set to =.true. to smooth the outer rows and columns of the domain 1 topography with respect to the input data, single entry vert_refine_fact, 1, vertical refinement factor for ndown; not used for concurrent vertical grid refinement; |br| |br| =1 : same number of vertical levels as the coarse domain |br| =2 : double the vertical resolution |br| =n : etc., single entry vert_refine_method, 0, vertical refinement method; |br| |br| =0 : no vertical refinement |br| =1 : integer vertical refinement |br| =2 : use specified or computed eta levels for vertical refinement, max_dom | | | Preset Moving Nest Application ------------------------------ The following options are specific to the Preset Moving Nest option. To use these options, the model must be compiled with nesting option *2=preset-moves*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ num_moves, 0, total number of moves for all domains, single entry move_id, (for example) |br| 2\, 2, a list of the nest domain ID for each move, max moves move_interval, (for example) |br| 60\, 120, time (in mins) since the nest simulation began (for each domain), max moves move_cd_x |br| move_cd_y, (for example) |br| 1\, -1, the number of parent domain grid cells to move in the i and j directions (respectfully), max moves | | | Vortex-following Application ---------------------------- The following options are specific to the Automatic Moving Nest option. To use these options, the model must be compiled with nesting option *3=vortex-following*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ vortex_interval, 15, how often the new vortex position is computed (in mins), max_dom max_vortex_speed, 40, used to compute the search radius for the new vortex position (in m/s), max_dom corral_dist, 8, how close (in number of grid cells) the moving nest is allowed to get to the coarse grid boundary\, before the coarse grid moves, mmax_dom track_level, 50000, pressure level value (in Pa) at which the tropical storm vortex is tracked, single entry time_to_move, 0, time (in mins) to start moving the nest, max_dom | | | Adaptive Time Step ------------------ The following options are specific to the Adaptive Time Step option. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ use_adaptive_time_step, .false., set to =.true. to turn on adaptive time step, single entry step_to_output_time, .true., adjusts the time step so the exact history time is reached, single entry target_cfl, 1.2, if vertical CFL <= to this value suggests no need to reduce the time step\, and therefore the time step is increased, max_dom target_hcfl, 0.84, if horizontal CFL <= to this value suggests no need to reduce the time step\, and therefore the time step is increased, max_dom max_step_increase_pct, 5, percentage of the previous time step to increase; if the max(vert CFL\, horiz CFL) <= target_cfl\, then the time step will increase by this percentage; use something much larger for nests (e.g. = 5\, 51\, 51), max_dom starting_time_step, -1, any positive integer specifies the starting time_step (in seconds); the default value (-1) indicates 4*DX is used as the starting time step; note: when "use_adaptive_time_step=.true.\," the value specified for "time_step" is ignored, max_dom starting_time_step_den, 0, denominator for "starting_time_step" in the case that a fractional time step is needed, max_dom max_time_step, -1, any positive integer specifies the maximum time_step (in seconds) that will ever be used during the simulation; the default value (-1) indicates 8*DX is used as the maximum time step, max_dom max_time_step_den, 0, denominator for "max_time_step" in the case that a fractional time step is needed, max_dom min_time_step, -1, any positive integer specifies the minimum time_step (in seconds) that will ever be used during the simulation; the default value (-1) indicates 3*DX is used as the minimum time step, max_dom min_time_step_den, 0, denominator for "min_time_step" in the case that a fractional time step is needed, max_dom adaptation_domain, 1, specifies which domain to use to drive adaptive time stepping, single entry | | | Parallel Computing ------------------ The following options are specific to controlling parallel computing. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ tile_sz_x |br| tile_sz_y, 0, number of points in the x and y directions for OpenMP processing, single entry numtiles, 1, number of tiles per patch (an alternative option to "tile_sz_x" and "tile_sz_y") for OpenMP processing, single entry nproc_x nproc_y, -1, number of processors in the x and y directions for decomposition when using MPI processing; default value of -1 = turned off - code will use automatic decomposition, single entry | | | 3D Ocean Model -------------- The following options are specific to using the 3D Ocean Model. *sf_ocean_physics* must be turned on in the &physics namelist record to apply these options. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ ocean_levels, 30, number of ocean levels, single entry ocean_z, " ", vertical profile of layer depths for the ocean (in meters); for e.g.\, if "ocean_levels=30\," "ocean_z" should have 30 settings; see run/README.namelist for details, max ocean_levels ocean_t, " ", vertical profile of ocean temps (in K); for e.g.\, if "ocean_levels=30\," "ocean_t" should have 30 settings; see run/README.namelist for details, max ocean_levels ocean_s, " ", vertical profile of ocean salinity; for e.g.\, if "ocean_levels=30\," "ocean_s" should have 30 settings; see run/README.namelist for details, max ocean_levels | | | | &physics ======== | Microphysics ------------ For specifics and detailed descriptions of the following Microphysics options, `see WRF Physics/Microphysics <./physics.html#microphysics>`_. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ mp_physics, " ", microphysics setting; all domains should be set to the same value; |br| |br| =0 : no microphysics |br| =1 : Kessler scheme |br| =2 : Purdue Lin scheme |br| =3 : WSM 3-class ice scheme |br| =4 : WSM 5-class scheme |br| =5 : Ferrier (Eta) scheme |br| =6 : WSM 6-class graupel scheme |br| =7 : Goddard 4-ice scheme; also uses "gsfcgce_hail" and "gsfcgce_2ice" |br| =8 : Thompson graupel scheme |br| =9 : Milbrandt-Yau 2-moment scheme |br| =10 : Morrison 2-moment |br| =11 : CAM 5.1 5-class |br| =13 : SBU_YLin 5-class |br| =14 : WDM 5-class |br| =15 : High-res Ferrier with advection |br| =16 : WDM 6-class |br| =18 : NSSL 2-moment 4-ice with predicted (unactivated) CCN (or activated CCN); to change global value\, use "nssl_cccn=0.7e9;" CCN (#/m^3 at sea level pressure) for NSSL scheme\, or "nssl_ccn_on=1"; also sets "ccn_conc" for mp_physics=18; see WRF/doc/README.NSSLmp for details |br| =24 : WSM7; like WSM6\, but with hail |br| =26 : WDM7; like WDM6\, but with hail |br| =28 : aerosol-aware Thompson with water- and ice-friendly aerosol climatology; option to also set climatological aerosol input option "use_aero_icbs" - default is .false.\, (use constant values); set to .true. to use input from WPS |br| =30 : HUJI spectral bin\, fast version |br| =38 : Thompson hail/graupel/aerosol |br| =40 : Morrison double-moment with CESM aerosol (must be used with MSKF cumulus scheme) |br| =50 : P3 1-ice category\, 1-moment cloud water |br| =51 : P3 1-ice category\, 2-moment cloud water |br| =52 : P3 2-ice categories\, 2-moment cloud water |br| =53 : P3 1-ice category\, 3-moment ice\, 2-moment cloud water; new since V4.3 |br| =55 : Jensen ISHMAEL; new since V4.1 |br| =56 : NTU multi-moment; new since V4.3, max_dom do_radar_ref, 0, set to =1 to allow radar reflectivity to be computed using mp-scheme-specific parameters; only works for mp_physics= 2\,4\,6\,7\,8\,10\,14\,16\,24\,26; note that this option is automatically turned on (=1) when mp_physics=9 or 18\, and when nwp_diagnostics=1, single input mp_zero_out, 0, set to =1 to keep moisture variables above a threshold value >=0; an alternative (and better) method to keep moisture variables positive is to use the "moist_adv_opt;" |br| |br| =0 : no action/adjustment to moisture fields |br| =1 : except for Qv\, all moisture arrays are set to zero if they fall below the "mp_zero_out_thresh" value (moist array only) |br| =2 : Qv and all other moisture arrays set to zero if they fall below "mp_zero_out_thresh" value (moist array only), single input mp_zero_out_thresh, 1.e-8, critical value for moisture variable threshold below which moisture arrays (except Qv) are set to zero when using "mp_zero_out"; unit: kg/kg, single input mp_zero_out_all, 0, if =1 and mp_zero_out >0\, then reproduce old behavior and apply threshold to scalar\, chem\, and tracer arrays, single entry mp_tend_lim, 10, limit on temperature tendency from microphysics latent heating when radar data assimilation is used, single input ccn_conc, 1.00E+08, CCN concentrations; used by WDM microphysics schemes; set automatically when mp_physics=18\, with nssl_ccn, single input hail_opt, 0, hail/graupel switch for WSM6 and WDM6 microphysics schemes (options 6 and 16); |br| |br| =0 : graupel |br| =1 : hail, single input morr_rimed_ice, 1, hail/graupel switch for Morrison microphysics schemes (options 10 and 40); |br| |br| =0 : graupel |br| =1 : hail, single input clean_atm_diag, 0, set to =1 to turn on clean sky diagnostics; for WRF-Chem, single input acc_phy_tend, 0, set to =1 to output 16 accumulated physics tendencies for potential temperature\, water vapor mixing ratio\, and u/v wind components; new since V4.4, max_dom progn, 0, set to =1 to use mix-activate scheme; only works with mp_physics=10\,14\,16\,18, max_dom no_mp_heating, 0, set to =1 to turn on latent heating from a microphysics scheme, single entry use_mp_re, 1, when using RRTMG radiation\, use effective radii computed in microphysics schemes; only works with mp_physics=3\,4\,6\,7\,8\,10\,14\,16\,18\,24\,26\,28\,50-53\,55, single entry dust_emis, 0, set to =1 to turn on surface dust emission scheme to enter "mp_physics=28" QNIFA (ice-friendly aerosol variable), single entry erosion_dim, 3, includes erodibility information when using dust_emis=1, single entry write_thompson_mp38table, .false., set to =.true. to compute file qr_acr_qg_mp38V1.dat instead of using the downloaded version, single entry | | NSSL 1-moment scheme ++++++++++++++++++++ The following settings are for the NSSL 1-moment microphysics scheme. For the 1- and 2-moment schemes, the shape parameters for graupel and hail can also be set. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ nssl_alphah, 0, shape parameter for graupel, max_dom nssl_alphahl, 1, shape parameter for hail, max_dom nssl_cnoh, 4.e5, graupel intercept, max_dom nssl_cnohl, 4.e4, hail intercept, max_dom nssl_cnor, 8.e5, rain intercept, max_dom nssl_cnos, 3.e6, snow intercept, max_dom nssl_rho_qh, 500, graupel density, max_dom nssl_rho_ghl, 900, hail density, max_dom nssl_rho_qs, 100, snow density, max_dom | | Morrison-CESM Microphysics ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The following options are specific to the Morrison+CESM microphysics scheme (*mp_physics=40*). | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ aercu_opt, 0, option to control aerosol interaction; |br| |br| =0 : no aerosol interaction |br| =1 : aerosol interaction with only MSKF |br| =2 : aerosol interaction with both MSKF and Morrison |br| |br| Both options require the CESM_RCP4.5_Aerosol_Data.dat_ file - once downloaded and unpacked\, link or copy either of the two files to 'CESM_RCP4.5_Aerosol_Data.dat in the running directory prior to running wrf.exe, single entry aercu_fct, 1.0, factor to multiply with aerosol amount, single entry no_src_types_cu, 1, number of aerosol species in global aerosol data (10 for CESM input); value is set automatically, single entry alevsiz_cu, 1, number of levels in global aerosol data (30 for CESM input); value is set automatically, single entry | | | Radiation Physics ----------------- For specifics and detailed descriptions of the following Radiation options, `see Physics/Radiation <./physics.html#radiation>`_ | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ ra_lw_physics, -1, longwave radiation option; all domains should be set to the same value; |br| |br| =0 : no longwave radiation |br| =1 : RRTM |br| =3 : CAM; if using restarts\, they must be at 6-hourly intervals; must set levsiz\, paerlev\, and cam_abs_dim1/2 |br| =4 : RRTMG |br| =5 : Goddard; updated in V4.1 |br| =7 : FLG (UCLA) |br| =14 : RRTMG-K; to use this option\, WRF must be compiled with configuration setting "-DBUILD_RRTMK = 1" (modify in configure.wrf) |br| =24 : fast RRTMG for GPU and MIC |br| =31 : Earth Held-Suarez forcing |br| =99 : GFDL (Eta); semi-supported; must use co2tf=1, max_dom ra_sw_physics, -1, shortwave radiation option; all domains should be set to the same value; |br| |br| =0 : no shortwave radiation |br| =1 : Dudhia; must use a ptop > 50mb |br| =2 : old Goddard |br| =3 : CAM; if using restarts\, they must be at 6-hourly intervals; must set levsiz\, paerlev\, and cam_abs_dim1/2 |br| =4 : RRTMG |br| =5 : Goddard; updated in V4.1 |br| =7 : FLG (UCLA) |br| =14 : RRTMG-K; to use this option\, WRF must be compiled with configuration setting "-DBUILD_RRTMK = 1" (modify in configure.wrf) |br| =24 : fast RRTMG for GPU and MIC |br| =31 : Earth Held-Suarez forcing |br| =99 : GFDL (Eta); semi-supported; must use co2tf=1, max_dom radt, 0, minutes between radiation physics calls; recommend 1 minute per km of dx (e.g.\, set to 10 for a 10 km grid); set to the same value for all domains, max_dom swint_opt, 0, interpolation options for shortwave radiation; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : turn on interpolation of shortwave radiation based on the updated solar zenith angle between radiation calls |br| =2 : activates FARMS to allow simulation of the broadband solar radiation model every time step, single entry couple_farms, .false., set to =.true. to use FARMS shortwave radiation to drive the LSM; when set to .false.\, uses shortwave radiation from ra_sw_physics, single entry ra_call_offset, 0, set to =1 to turn on radiation offset to call radiation just before output time\, instead of after output time, single entry co2tf, 1, CO2 transmission function flag for GFDL radiation only\, which allows generation of CO2 function internally, single entry cldovrlp, 2, cloud overlapping option for RRTMG radiation; |br| |br| =1 : random |br| =2 : maximum random |br| =3 : maximum |br| =4 : exponential |br| =5 : exponential-random; new since V4.4, single entry idcor, 0, decorrelation length flag for use with "cldovrlp=4 or 5;" new since V4.4; |br| |br| =0 : constant decorrelation length 2500 m |br| =1 : latitude-varying decorrelation length, single entry ra_sw_eclipse, 0, set to =1 to turn on eclipse effect on shortwave radiation; only works with RRTMG\, Goddard\, old Goddard\, and Dudhia radiation schemes, single entry ghg_input, 1, option to read CAMtr_volume_mixing_ratio files of greenhouse gas values; new since V4.4; |br| |br| =0 : do not read in annual data; for constant values for backward compatibility (prior to V4.4) |br| =1 : read in time-dependent data for CO2\, N2O\, CH4\, CFC11\, and CFC12; default is SSP 2 with RCP 4.5 -> SSP245; only works with ra_lw_physics=1\,2\,4\,24 and ra_sw_physics=3\,4\,24, single entry 03input, 2, ozone input option for RRTMG radiation; |br| |br| =0 : use the profile inside RRTMG scheme |br| =2 : use CAM ozone data (from "ozone.formatted" file found in run/ or test/em_real directory), single entry aer_opt, 0, aerosol input option for RRTMG radiation; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1: use Tegen (1997) climatology |br| =2 : use J. A. Ruiz-Arias method; see other "aer_*" options |br| =3 : use Thompson water/ice-friendly climatological aerosol, single entry alevsiz, 1, number of vertical levels in aerosol data; value is set automatically, single entry no_src_types, 1, number of aerosol species in Tegen global aerosol data; organic and black carbon\, sea salt\, sulfate\, dust\, and stratospheric aerosol (volcanic ash - currently 0); value is set automatically, single entry use_rap_aero_icbc, .false., set to =.true. to ingest real-time data containing aerosols; new since V4.4, single entry qna_update, 0, set to =1 to update time-varying surface aerosol emission from climatology or real-time data when using "mp_physics=28"; use with input file "wrfqnainp_d0"; must set auxinput17_interval and io_form_auxinput17; new since V4.4, single entry wif_fire_emit, .false., set to =.true. to include biomass burning organic and black carbon aerosols with "mp_physics=28;" new since V4.4, single entry wif_fire_inj, 1, turns on vertical distribution of biomass burning emissions when using "mp_physics=28;" new since V4.4, max_dom icloud, 1, cloud effect to the optical depth in radiation and controls the cloud fraction options; only works with ra_sw/lw_physics=1 or 4; |br| |br| =0 : no cloud effect |br| =1 : with cloud effect; must use cloud fraction option 1 (Xu-Randall method) |br| =2 : with cloud effect; must use cloud fraction option 2 (0/1 based on threshold) |br| =3 : with cloud effect; must use cloud fraction option 3 (Sundqvist et al.\, 1989 method), single entry insert_init_cloud, .false., set to =.true. to estimate initial model cloud when using "icloud=3;" cold start only, single entry swrad_scat, 1, scattering tuning parameter; default is 1.e-5 m2 kg-1; increase for more scattering; only works with ra_sw_physics=1, single entry slope_rad, 0, set to =1 to turn on slope-dependent radiation for ra_sw_physics, max_dom topo_shading, 0, applies neighboring-point shadow effects for ra_sw_physics, max_dom shadlen, 25000, maximum length (in m) of orographic shadow ; only works when topo_shading=1, single entry | | Aerosol Options +++++++++++++++ The following aerosol options allow RRTMG and new Goddard radiation to recognize the aerosol option setting, but the aerosols are constant during model integration. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ aer_aod550_opt, 1, option to determine input value for AOD at 550 nm; |br| |br| =1 : input constant value from namelist option "aer_aod550_val" |br| =2 : input value from auxiliary input 15\, which is a time-varying 2d grid in NetCDF wrf-compatible format, max_dom aer_aod550_val, 0.12, value used when "aer_aod550_opt=1", max_dom aer_angexp_opt, 1, option to determine input value for Angstrom exponent; |br| |br| =1 : input constant value from namelist option "aer_angexp_val" |br| =2 : input value from auxiliary input 5\, which is a time-varying 2d grid in NetCDF wrf-compatible format |br| =3 : value estimated from the aerosol type defined in "aer_type\," and modulated with the RH in WRF, max_dom aer_angexp_val, 1.3, value used when "aer_angexp_opt=1", max_dom aer_ssa_opt, 1, option to determine input value for single scattering albedo; |br| |br| =1 : input constant value from namelist option "aer_ssa_val" |br| =2 : input value from auxiliary input 5\, which is a time-varying 2d grid in NetCDF wrf-compatible format |br| =3 : value estimated from the aerosol type defined in "aer_type\," and modulated with the RH in WRF, max_dom aer_ssa_val, 0.85, value used when "aer_ssa_opt=1", max_dom aer_asy_opt, 1, option to determine input value for asymmetry parameter; |br| |br| =1 : input constant value from namelist option "aer_asy_val" |br| =2 : input value from auxiliary input 5\, which is a time-varying 2d grid in NetCDF wrf-compatible format |br| =3 : value estimated from the aerosol type defined in "aer_type\," and modulated with the RH in WRF, max_dom aer_asy_val, 0.90, value used when "aer_asy_opt=1", max_dom aer_type, 1, aerosol type used with the above "aer*" options; |br| |br| =1 : rural |br| =2 : urban |br| =3 : maritime, max_dom | | CAM Radiation +++++++++++++ The following variables for CAM radiation are automatically set, by default. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ cam_abs_freq_s, 21600, default CAM radiation clear sky longwave absorption calculation frequency (in secs); recommend minimum value to speed-up scheme, single entry levsiz, 1, number of ozone data levels for CAM radiation, single entry paerlev, 1, numer of aerosol data levels for CAM radiation, single entry cam_abs_dim1, 1, dimension for "absnxt" (absorption save array) in CAM radiation, single entry cam_abs_dim2, 1, dimension for "abstot" (2nd absorption save array) in CAM radiation, single entry | | | Surface Physics --------------- For specifics and detailed descriptions of the following Surface options, `see WRF Physics/Surface Physics <./physics.html#surface-physics>`_. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ sf_sfclay_physics, " ", surface layer physics option; the same value should be used for all domains; |br| |br| =0 : no surface layer physics |br| =1 : revised MM5 Monin-Obukhov |br| =2 : Monin-Obukhov (Janjic Eta Similarity) |br| =4 : QNSE |br| =5 : MYNN |br| =7 : Pleim-Xiu; use with Pleim-Xiu surface and ACM2 PBL |br| =10 : TEMF |br| =91 : old MM5, max_dom iz0tlnd, 0, switch to control land thermal roughness length; |br| |br| =0 : old\, or non-vegetation-dependent thermal roughness length over land |br| =1 : vegetation dependent (details), single entry sf_surface_physics, " ", land surface option; set this before running real.exe; the same value should be used for all domains; |br| |br| =0 : no surface temperature prediction |br| =1 : 5-layer thermal diffusion (SLAB) |br| =2 : unified Noah |br| =3 : RUC |br| =4 : NoahMP; see additional options in the &noah_mp namelist section |br| =5 : CLM4 |br| =7 : Pleim-Xiu; use with Pleim-Xiu surface layer and ACM2 PBL |br| =8 : SSiB; only works with ra_lw/sw_physics=1\,3\,4, max_dom sf_urban_physics, 0, activate urban canopy model; use with Noah LSM only; the same value should be used for all domains; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : single-layer\, UCM |br| =2 : multi-layer\, building environment parameterization (BEP); only works with bl_pbl_physics=1\,2\,8 |br| =3 : multi-layer\, building environment model (BEM); only works with bl_pbl_physics=1\,2\,8, max_dom use_wudapt_lcz, 0, type of urban landuse categories to use; |br| |br| =0 : use traditional 31-33 categories |br| =1 : use WUDAPT LCZ 31-41 categories, single entry slucm_distributed_drag, .false., set to .true. to use spatially-varying 2D urban zero-plane displacement\, roughness length for momentum\, frontal area index; does not work with LCZ; only works with urban_physics=1; need additional aforementioned 3 input variables in wrfinput file (`see WRF Physics/Urban Effects <./physics.html#urban-effects>`_), single entry distributed_ahe_opt, 0, option to handle anthropogenic surface heat flux; requires additional input to wrfinput file (`see WRF Physics/Urban Effects <./physics.html#urban-effects>`_); |br| |br| =0 : no anthropogenic surface heat flux from input data |br| add to first level temperature tendency |br| add to surface sensible heat flux, single entry ua_phys, .false., set to =.true. to activate UA Noah LSM changes for a different snow-cover physics; aimed to improve treatment of snow as it relates to the vegetation canopy, single entry num_soil_layers, 5, number of soil layers in land surface model; set before running real.exe; |br| |br| =2 : Pleim-Xiu |br| =3 : SSiB |br| =4 : Noah |br| =5 : thermal diffusion scheme for temperature only |br| =6 or =9 : RUC |br| =10 : CLM4, single entry ideal_xland, 1, sets XLAND for idealized cases with no input land-use run-time switch for wrf.exe "physics_init"; |br| |br| =1 : land |br| =2 : water, single entry ifsnow, 1, use snow-cover effects; only works with sf_surface_physics=1, single entry surface_input_source, 3, the source for landuse and soil category; |br| |br| =1 : WPS/geogrid\, but with dominant categories recomputing in real |br| =2 : GRIB data from another model; only if arrays VEGCAT/SOILCAT exist |br| =3 : use dominant land and soil categories from WPS/geogrid, single entry pxlsm_smois_init, 1, Pleim-Xiu land surface model soil moisture initialization option; |br| |br| =0 : from analysis |br| =1 : from LANDUSE.TBL (SLMO\, or moisture availability), max_dom num_land_cat, 21, number of land categories from input data; |br| |br| =20 : for MODIS |br| =21 : for MODIS if lake category is included\, which is default for WPS |br| =24 : for USGS |br| =28 : for USGS if lake category is included |br| =40 : for NLCD2006; North America only, single entry num_soil_cat, 16, number of soil categories in the input data, single entry usemonalb, .false., set to =.true. to use monthly albedo map instead of table values; recommended when sst_update=1, single entry rdmaxalb, .true., use snow albedo from geogrid\, instead of from table, single entry rdlai2d, .false., set to =.true. to use leaf area index (LAI) from input data\, instead of from table; when sst_udpate=1\, LAI will also be included in wrflowinp file, single entry sst_update, 0, set to =1 to turn on time-varying sea-surface temperature\, seaice\, vegetation fraction\, and albedo during a wrf.exe simulation; must be set prior to running real.exe; real.exe creates file(s) (wrflowinp_d0x) that include(s) SST\, XICE\, ALBEDO\, and VEGFRA\, which wrf.exe will update at the same interval as the wrfbdy_d01 file; must set the following in &time_control in namelist.input: auxinput4_interval\, auxinput4_end_h\, io_form_auxinput4\, and auxinput4_inname="wrflowinp_d", single entry tmn_update, 0, set to =1 to update deep layer soil temperature; useful for long (multi-year) simulations, single entry lagday, 150, number of days over which TMN (deep layer soil temperature) is computed using skin temperature, single entry sst_skin, 0, set to =1 to calculate skin SST; useful for long (multi-year) simulations, single entry shalwater_z0, 0, set to =1 to turn on shallow water roughness scheme; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1; new since V4.4, max_dom shalwater_depth, -1.0, option to set constant depth (in meters) when shalwater_z0=1\, if no bathymetry data is available; intended for depths between 10.0 and 100.0 m; depths outside this range are rounded to the nearest limit value; new since V4.4, single entry | | Surface Irrigation Parameterization +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The following options are specific to the surface irrigation parameteriation and are only applicable when *sf_surf_irr_scheme>0*; new since V4.2. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ sf_surf_irr_scheme, 0, option to turn on surface irrigation scheme; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : surface evapotranspiration; only works with sf_surface_physics=2 |br| =2 : leaves/canopy interception and surface evapotranspiration |br| =3 : microphysics process\, leaves/canopy interception and surface evapotranspiration, max_dom irr_daily_amount, 0, the daily irrigation water amount (mm/day) applied, max_dom irr_start_hour, 0, the local application start time for each day (UTC value), max_dom irr_num_hours, 0, the number of hours to irrigate, max_dom irr_start_julianday, 0, Julian day to start irrigation (included), max_dom irr_end_julianday, 0, Julian day to end irrigation (not included), max_dom irr_freq, 1, frequency (in days) of irrigation, max_dom irr_ph, 0, phase of irrigation; |br| |br| =0 : in phase |br| =1 : not in phase, max_dom | | | Planetary Boundary Layer Physics -------------------------------- For specifics and detailed descriptions of the following Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) options, `see WRF Physics/PBL <./physics.html#planetary-boundary-layer-physics>`_. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ bl_pbl_physics, " ", boundary layer option; the same value should be used for all domains (except when running an LES simulation); |br| |br| =0 : no boundary layer |br| =1 : YSU; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1 |br| =2 : MYJ (Eta) TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=2 |br| =4 : QNSE-EDMF; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=4 |br| =5 : MYNN 2.5 level TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1\,2\,5 |br| =6 : MYNN 3rd level TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=5 |br| =7 : ACM2 (Pleim); only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1 or 7 |br| =8 : BouLac TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1 or 2 |br| =9 : Bretherton-Park/UW TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1 or 2 |br| =10 : TEMF; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=10 |br| =11 : Shin-Hong "scale-aware" |br| =12 : GBM TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1 |br| =16 : EEPS; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1\,5\,91 |br| =17 : KEPS |br| =99 : MRF, max_dom mfshconv, 1, use day-time EDMF for QNSE; set to =0 to turn off, max_dom bldt, 0, minutes between boundary-layer physics calls; recommend =0 (call every time step) for all domains, max_dom topo_wind, 0, topographic surface wind correction; requires extra input from geogrid; only works with bl_pbl_physics=1; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : Jimenez method |br| =2 : UW method, single entry bl_mynn_tkebudget, 0, adds MYNN TKE budget terms to output, max_dom bl_mynn_tkeadvect, .false., set to =.true. to turn on MYNN TKE advection to couple subgrid-scale clouds from MYNN PBL to radiation schemes, max_dom bl_mynn_cloudmix, 1, activate mixing of qc and qi in MYNN; qnd and qni are mixed when "scalar_pblmix=1", max_dom bl_mynn_mixlength, 1, option to change mixing length formulation in MYNN; |br| |br| =0 : original; as in Nakanishi and Niino\, 2009 |br| =1 : RAP/HRRR; including BouLac in free atmosphere |br| =2 : experimental; includes cloud-specific mixing length and a scale-aware mixing length; following Ito et al.\, 2015\, BLM; this option is well-tested with EDMF options, single entry bl_mynn_cloudpdf, 2, option to switch to different cloud PDFs to represent subgrid clouds in MYNN; |br| |br| =0 : original; Sommeria and Deardorf\, 1977 |br| =1 : Kuwano et al.\, 2010; similar to option 0\, but uses resolved scale gradients\, as opposed to higher order moments |br| =2 : Chaboureau and Bechtold\, 2002 (JAS)\, with mods, single entry bl_mynn_edmf, 1, option to activate mass-flux scheme in MYNN; |br| |br| =0 : regular MYNN |br| =1 : for StEM |br| =2 : for TEMF, max_dom bl_mynn_edmf_mom, 1, option to activate momentum transport in MYNN; assuming "bl_mynn_edmf > 0", max_dom bl_mynn_edmf_tke, 0, set to =1 to activate TKE transport in MYNN; assuming "bl_mynn_edmf > 0", max_dom scalar_pblmix, 0, set to =1 to mix scalar fields consistent with PBL option (exch_h), max_dom tracer_pblmix, 1, mix tracer fields consistent with PBL option (exch_h), max_dom shinhong_tke_diag, 1, Use diagnostic TKE and mixing length from Shin-Hong PBL, max_dom opt_thcnd, 1, how to treat thermal conductivity in Noah LSM; |br| |br| =1 : original |br| =2 : McCumber and Pielke for silt loam and sandy loam, single entry sf_surface_mosaic, 0, set to =1 to use mosaic landuse categories for Noah LSM, single entry mosaic_lu, 0, set to =1 to specify landuse parameters based on a mosaic approach; only works with RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3), single entry mosaic_soil, 0, set to =1 to specify soil parameters based on a mosaic approach; only works with RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3), single entry mosaic_cat, 3, number of mosaid landuse categories in a grid cell when "sf_surface_mosaic=1", single entry grav_settling, 0, gravitational settling of fog/cloud droplets; |br| |br| =0 : no settling |br| =1 : settling from Dyunkerke\, 1991 in atmosphere at the surface |br| =2 : use Fogdes vegetation and wind speed dependent (Katata et al.\, 2008) at the surface\, and Dyunkerke for the atmosphere, max_dom ysu_topdown_pblmix, 1, turns on top-down radiation-driven mixing, single entry isfflx, 1, heat and moisture fluxes from the surface for real-data cases when a PBL option is used; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1\,5\,7\,11; |br| |br| =0 : fluxes are on |br| =1 : fluxes are off |br| when "bl_pbl_physics=0\," option controls surface fluxes when "diff_opt=2" and "km_opt=3;" |br| =0 : constant fluxes defined by "tke_drag_coefficient" and "tke_heat_flux" |br| =1 : use model-computed u and heat and moisture fluxes |br| =2 : use model-computed u* and specified heat flux by "tke_heat_flux", single entry | | | Cumulus Parameterization ------------------------ For specifics and detailed descriptions of the following Cumulus Parameterization options, `see WRF Physics/Cumulus Parameterization <./physics.html#cumulus-parameterization>`_. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ cu_physics, " ", cumulus parameterication option; the same value should be used for all domains that have cu_physics turned on; |br| |br| =0: no cumulus |br| =1 : Kain-Fritsch (new Eta) |br| =2 : BMJ; since V4.2 option to add "bmj_rad_feedback" |br| =3 : Grell-Freitas ensemble |br| =4 : Scale-aware GFS SAS |br| =5 : Grell-3 |br| =6 : Tiedtke |br| =7 : Zhang-McFarlane from CESM; only works with bl_pbl_physics=2\,9 |br| =10 : KF-CuP; modified Kain-Fritsch with trigger function based on PDFs |br| =11 : Multi-scale Kain-Fritsch; momentum transport added in V4.2 |br| =14 : Scale-aware SAS; use with shcu_physics=4 |br| =16 : Newer Tiedtke |br| =93 : Grell-Devenyi ensemble |br| =96 : GFS SAS from YSU; previously option 14 |br| =99 : old Kain-Fritsch, max_dom cudt, 0, minutes between cumulus physics calls; set to 0 (call every time step) when using all cu_physics options except Kain-Fritsch; set all domains to the same value, max_dom kfeta_trigger, 1, the method to determine whether a grid point is convective; only works with cu_physics=1; |br| |br| =1 : original |br| =2 : moisture-advection-based trigger; Ma and Tan\, 2009 |br| =3 : relative humidity-dependent, single entry ishallow, 0, set to =1 to turn on shallow convection; only works with cu_physics=3 or 5, single entry cu_diag, 0, set to =1 to compute time-averaged time-step surface rainfall and cloud water/ice when using cu_physics=3\,5\,93; only for WRF-Chem use, max_dom shcu_physics, 0, independent shallow cumulus option; not tied to deep convection; |br| |br| =0 : no independent shallow cumulus |br| =2 : Park and Bretherton\, from CAM5 |br| =3 : GRIMS |br| 5 : Deng; only works with bl_pbl_physics=2\,5\,6; new since V4.1, max_dom cugd_avedx, 1, number of grid boxes over which subsidence is spread; |br| |br| =1 : NSAS grid distance dependent; for large grid distances (low resolution) |br| =3 : for small grid distances (DX < 5km); only works with cu_physics=5, single entry nsas_dx_factor, 0, set to =1 to turn on NSAS grid distance dependent option, single entry kf_edrates, 0, set to =1 to output entrainment/detrainment rates and convective timescale output variables for KF-based cumulus schemes; only works with cu_physics=1\,11\,99, max_dom convtrans_avglen_m, 30, averaging time (in mins) for convective transport output variables; only works with cu_physics=3\,5\,93, single entry cu_rad_feedback, .false., set to =.true. to use sub-grid cloud effect to the optical depth in radiation; only works with cu_physics=1\,3\,5\,10\,11\,93\,99; if using cu_physics=3\,5\,93 must set cu_diag=1, max_dom | | The following options show recommended values. If you would like to use any other value, consult the code to understand what you are doing. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ maxiens, 1, only works with cu_physics=3\,5\,93, single entry maxens, 3, only works with cu_physics=3\,5\,93, single entry maxens2, 3, only works with cu_physics=3\,5\,93, single entry maxens3, 16, only works with cu_physics=3\,5\,93, single entry ensdim, 144, only works with cu_physics=3\,5\,93, single entry | | KF-CuP Cumulus Parameterization +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The following options are specific to the KF-CuP cumulus parameterization scheme (*cu_physics=10*). | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ shallowcu_forced_ra, .false., radiative impact of shallow cumulus by a prescribed max cloud fraction of 0.36, max_dom numbins, 1, number of perturbations for potential temperature and mixing ratio in the CuP PDF; should be an odd number; recommended value is 21, max_dom thBinSize, 1, bin size of potential temperature perturbation increment (0.01 K), max_dom minDeepFreq, 1, minimum frequency required before deep convection is allowed (0.333), max_dom minShallowFreq, 1, minimum frequency required before shallow convection is allowed (1.0e-2), max_dom shcu_aerosols_opt, 0, set to =2 to use this prognostic option to include aerosols in the shallow cumulus scheme; only works for WRF-Chem, max_dom | | | | Ocean Model Physics ------------------- The following options are specific to Ocean model physics. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ sf_ocean_physics, 0, activates ocean model; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : simple ocean mixed layer (oml) model |br| =2 : 3D Price-Weller-Pinkel (PWP) ocean model, single entry omdt, 1, time step (mins) when sf_ocean_physics=2; can be set the same as the WRF time step in corresponding nested grids\, but should be no less than 1.0 minute, single entry oml_hml0, 50, initial mixed layer depth value when sf_ocean_physics=1; |br| |br| =0 : from climatology |br| >0 : constant everywhere (in meters) |br| <0 : use input from ocean model, single entry oml_gamma, 0.14, lapse rate (K m-1) in deep water (below the mixed layer) when sf_ocean_physics=1, single entry oml_relaxation_time, 0, relaxation time (seconds) when sf_ocean_physics=1 back to original values; e.g.\, a setting of 259200 seconds = 3 days, single entry ocean_levels, 30, number of vertical levels when sf_ocean_physics=2, single entry | | | Seaice ------ The following options are specific to seaice. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ seaice_threshold, 100, if skin temperature (TSK) is < this value\, water points are changed to sea ice; only works with sf_surface_physics=1\,2\,3\,4\,8 |br| |br| a) if water point + sf_surface_physics=1 : sets to land point and permanent ice |br| b) if water point + sf_surface_physics=2 : sets to land point\, permanent ice\, sets temperature from 2m to surface\, and sets "smois" and "sh2o", single entry fractional_seaice, 0, set to =1 to treat seaice as a fractional field; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1\,2\,3\,4\,5\,7\,91; must also set seaice_threshold=0; if set to 0\, uses flag for ice or no ice, single entry seaice_albedo_opt, 0, option to set albedo over sea ice; |br| |br| =0 : uses constant value from namelist option "seaice_albedo_default" |br| =1 : function of air temperature\, skin temperature\, and snow |br| =2 : read-in from input variable ALBSI, single entry seaice_albedo_default, 0.65, default value of seaice albedo when seaice_albedo_opt=0, single entry seaice_snowdepth_opt, 0, method for how snow depth on seaice is treated; |br| |br| =0 : bounded by "seaice_snowdepth_min" and "seaice_snowdepth_max"; |br| |br| =1 : read-in from input array SNOWSI (bounded by "seaice_snowdepth_min" and "seaice_snowdepth_max"), single entry seaice_snowdepth_min, 0.001, minimum snow depth (in meters) on sea ice, single entry seaice_snowdepth_max, 1.e10, maximum allowed accumulation of snow (in meters) on sea ice, single entry seaice_thickness_opt, 0, seaice thickness method; |br| |br| =0 : uniform value taken from namelist variable "seaice_thickness_default" |br| =1 : read-in from input variable ICEDEPTH, single entry seaice_thickness_default, 3.0, default value of seaice thickness when seaice_thickness_opt=0, single entry | | | Lake Model ---------- The following options are specific to the lake model. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ sf_lake_physics, 0, set to =1 to turn on the lake model, max_dom lakedepth_default, 50, lake depth (in meters); if no lake depth information is available in the input data\, this value is set to 50 m, max_dom lake_min_elev, 5, minimum elevation of lakes; can be used to determine whether a water point is a lake in the absence of a lake category; if the landuse type includes "lake" (e.g.\, Modis_lake and USGS_LAKE)\, this variables is ignored, max_dom use_lakedepth, 1, option to use lake depth data provided by the geogrid program, max_dom | | Lightning Parameterization -------------------------- The following options are specific to the lightning parameterization. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ lightning_option, 0, lightning parameterization option to allow flash rate prediction without chemistry; must set do_radar_ref=1; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : PR92 based on maximum w; redistributes flashes within dBZ > 20 (for convection resolved simulations) |br| =2 : PR92 based on 20 dBZ top; redistributes flashes within dBZ > 20 (for convection resolved simulations) |br| =3 : predicts potential for lightning activity; based on Yair et al.\, 2010 |br| =11 : PR92 based on level of neutral buoyancy from convective parameterization (for a scale where cumulus parameterization schemes is used; intended for use at 100; when set to 0\, model time step is used, max_dom lightning_start_seconds, 0, start time for calling lightning parameterization when lightning_option>0; recommend at least 10 minutes for spin-up, max_dom flashrate_factor, 1.0, factor to adjust the predicted number of flashes; recommended values: |br| |br| a) 1.0 for lightning_option=11 between dx=10 and 50 km |br| b) manual tuning for all other lightning_option>0 settings\, independently for each nest, max_dom cellcount_method, 0, method for counting storm cells when lightning_option=1 or 2; |br| |br| =0 : model determines method |br| =1 : tile-wide; appropriate for large domains |br| =2 : domain-wide; appropriate for single storm domains, max_dom cldtop_adjustment, 0, adjustment from LNB (in km) when lightning_option=11; recommend =2, max_dom iccg_method, 0, intra-cloud (IC) : cloud-to-ground (CG) partitioning method; |br| |br| =0 : uses default of =2 option (below) |br| =1 : constant everywhere; must also set iccg_prescribed_num and iccg_prescribed_den; all CG |br| =2 : coarsely-prescribed 1995-1999 NLDN/OTD climatology; based on Boccippio et al.\, 2001 |br| =3 : parameterization by Price and Rind\, 1993; based on cold-cloud depth |br| =4 : gridded input via arrays "iccg_in_num" and "iccg_in_den" from wrfinput for monthly mapped ratios; points with 0/0 values use ratio defined by iccg_prescribed_num and iccg_prescribed_den, max_dom iccg_prescribed_num, 0.0, numerator of the user-specified prescribed IC:CG, max_dom iccg_prescribed_den, 1.0, denomenator of the user-specified prescribed IC:CG, max_dom | | | Wind Turbine Drag Parameterization ---------------------------------- The following options are specific to the wind turbine drag parameterization. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ windfarm_opt, 0, options to turn on wind turbine drag parameterization; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : simulates the effects of wind turbines in the atmospheric evolution and activates the wind farm parameterization by Fitch et al.\, 2012 |br| =2 : Activates the wind farm scheme (mav scheme) based on Ma et al.\, 2022; similar to option 1\, but it also considers subgrid-scale wind turbine wake effects; this option should be used in combination with windfarm_wake_model and windfarm_overlap_method\, as well as with a file "windturbines-ll.txt", max_dom windfarm_ij, 0, specifies to type of coordinate to use for wind turbine locations; |br| |br| =0 : turbine coordinates are defined in terms of lat-lon |br| =1 : turbine coordinates are defined in terms of grid points (i\,j) |br| =2 : valid only when windfarm_wake_model=2; the coordinate of the turbines are defined in terms of lat-lon with the filename "windturbines-ll.txt", single entry windfarm_wake_model, 2, subgrid-scale wind turbine wake model; only valid when windfarm_opt=2 |br| |br| =1 : Jensen model |br| =2 : XA model |br| =3 : GM model (windfarm_method not used) |br| =4 : Jensen and XA ensemble |br| =5 : Jensen\, XA\, and GM ensemble, max_dom windfarm_overlap_method, 4, wake superposition method for the Jensen and XA wind turbine wake model; valid only when windfarm_opt=2 |br| |br| =1 : linear superposition |br| =2 : squared superposition |br| =3 : modified squared superposition |br| =4 : superposition of the hub-height wind speed (Ma et al.\, 2022), max_dom windfarm_deg, 0, the rotation degree of the wind farm layout; only valid when windfarm_opt=2 and windfarm_ij=1, max_dom | | | Hailcasting ----------- The following options are specific to the hailcasting. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ hailcast_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on hailcasting option, max_dom haildt, 0, seconds between WRF-HAILCAST call(s) when hailcast_opt=1, max_dom | | | Miscellaneous Physics Options ----------------------------- | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ bucket_mm, -1, bucket reset value for water accumulation (in mm); useful for long (multi-year) simulations; default value of "-1" means inactive, single entry bucket_j, -1, bucket reset value for energy accumulation (in Joules); useful for long (multi-year) simulations; default value of -1 means inactive, single entry isftcflx, 0, alternative Ck (exchange coefficient for temperature and moisture) and Cd (drag coefficient for momentum) forulation for tropical storm application; |br| |br| =0 : off for Ck |br| =1 : Donelan Cd + constant Z0q for Ck |br| =2 : Donelan Cd + Garratt Ck, single entry traj_opt, 0, set to =1 to activate forward trajectories, single entry num_traj, 1000, number of trajectories to be released when traj_opt=1, single entry | | | | &stoch ====== | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ nens, 1, seed for random number stream; for ensemble forecasts this parameter needs to be different for each member; the seed is a function of initial start time to ensure different random number streams are created for forecasts starting from different intial times; changing this seed changes the random number streams for all activated stochastic parameterization schemes, single entry | | | Stochastic Kinetic-energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEBS) ---------------------------------------------------- The following options are specific to the Stochastic Kinetic-energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEBS), and assumes *skebs=1*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ skebs, 0, set to =1 to turn on stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS), max_dom tot_backscat_psi, 1.0e-05, total backscattered dissipation rate for streamfunction; controls amplitude of rotational wind perturbations (in m2/s2), max_dom tot_backscat_t, 1.0e-06, total backscattered dissipation rate for potential temperature; controls amplitude of potential temperature perturbations (in m2/s2), max_dom ztau_psi, 10800.0, decorrelation time (in seconds) for streamfunction perturbations, single entry ztau_t, 10800.0, decorrelation time (in seconds) for potential temperature perturbations, single entry rexponent_psi, -1.83, spectral slope for streamfunction perturbations; -1.83 is default for a kinetic- energy forcing spectrum with slope -5/3), single entry rexponent_t, -1.83, spectral slope for potential temperature perturbations; -1.83 is default for a potential energy forcing spectrum with slope -1.832), single entry kminforc, 1, minimal forcing wavenumber in longitude for streamfunction perturbations, single entry lminforc, 1, minimal forcing wavenumber in latitude for streamfunction perturbations, single entry kminforct, 1, minimal forcing wavenumber in longitude for potential temperature perturbations, single entry lminforct, 1, minimal forcing wavenumber in latitude for potential temperature perturbations, single entry kmaxforc, 1000000, maximal forcing wavenumber in longitude for streamfunction perturbations; default is maximal possible wavenumbers determined by number of gridpoints in longitude, single entry lmaxforc, 1000000, maximal forcing wavenumber in latitude for streamfunction perturbations; default is maximal possible wavenumbers determined by number of gridpoints in latitude, single entry kmaxforct, 1000000, maximal forcing wavenumber in longitude for potential temperature perturbations; default is maximal possible wavenumbers determined by number of gridpoints in longitude, single entry lmaxforct, 1000000, maximal forcing wavenumber in latitude for potential temperature perturbations; default is maximal possible wavenumbers determined by number of gridpoints in latitude, single entry zsigma2_eps, 0.0833, noise variance in autoregressive process defining streamfunction perturbations, single entry zsigma2_eta, 0.0833, noise variance in autoregressive process defining potential temperature perturbations, single entry skebs_vertstruc, 0, defines the vertical structure of random pattern generator; |br| |br| =0 : constant vertical structure of random pattern generator |br| =1 : random phase vertical structure with westward tilt, single entry iseed_skebs, 811, seed for random number stream for skebs; this is combined with seed nens\, signifying ensemble member number and initial start time to ensure different random number streams for forecasts starting from different initial times and for different ensemble members, single entry | | Stochastic Kinetic-Energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEB) +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The following options are specific to the Stochastic Kinetic-Energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEB) used to perturb a forecast; assumes *skebs=1* and *rand_perturb=1*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ rand_perturb, 0, set to =1 to create a random perturbation field, max_dom lengthscale_rand_pert, 500000, perturbation correlation lengthscale (meters), max_dom timescale_rand_pert, 21600.0, temporal decorrelation of random field (in seconds), max_dom gridpt_stddev_rand_pert, 0.03, standard deviation of random perturbation field at each grid point, max_dom stddev_cutofkf_rand_pert, 3.0, cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation, max_dom rand_pert_vertstruc, 0, vertical structure for random perturbation field; |br| |br| =0 : constant |br| =1 : random phase with tilt, single entry iseed_rand_pert, 17, seed for random number stream; this is combined with seed nens\, signifying ensemble member number and initial start time to ensure different random number streams are created for forecasts starting from different initial times and for different ensemble members, single entry | | | Stochastically-perturbed Physical Tendencies (SPPT) --------------------------------------------------- The following options are specific to the Stochastically-perturbed Physical Tendencies (SPPT), and assumes *sppt=1*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ sppt, 0, set to =1 to turn on stochastically-perturbed physics tendences (SPPT), max_dom lengthscale_sppt, 150000, random perturbation lengthscale (in meters), max_dom timescale_sppt, 21600, temporal decorrelation of random field (in seconds), max_dom sppt_vertstruc, 0, vertical structure for SPPT; |br| |br| =0 : constant |br| =1 : random phase, single entry gridpt_stddev_sppt, 0.5, standard deviation of random perturbation field at each grid point, max_dom stddev_cutoff_sppt, 2.0, cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation, max_dom iseed_sppt, 53, seed for random number stream for SPPT; This is combined with parameter nens\, signifying ensemble member number and initial start time to ensure different random number streams for forecasts starting from different initial times and for different ensemble members, single entry | | | Stochastically-perturbed Parameter Scheme (SPP) ----------------------------------------------- The following options are specific to the Stochastically-perturbed Parameter Scheme (SPP), and assumes *spp=1*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ spp, 0, set to =1 to turn on stochastically-perturbed parameter scheme (SPP); only works with Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3)\, MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6)\, & RUC surface scheme (sf_surface_physics=3), max_dom spp_conv, 0, set to =1 to turn on perturbation of parameters for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3), max_dom lengthscale_spp_conv, 150000, perturbation length scale (in meters); for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3), max_dom timescale_spp_conv, 21600, temporal decorrelation of random field (in seconds); for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3), max_dom gridpt_stddev_spp_conv, 0.3, standard deviation of random perturbation field at each grid point; for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3), max_dom stddev_cutoff_spp_conv, 3.0, cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation; for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3), max_dom vertstruc_spp_conv, 1, determines vertical structure for random perturbation; for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3) |br| |br| =0 : constant |br| =1 : random phase, single entry iseed_spp_conv, 171, seed for random number stream for spp_conv; for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3), single entry spp_pbl, 0, set to =1 to turn on perturbation of parameters for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6), max_dom lengthscale_spp_pbl, 700000.0, perturbation length scale (in meters); for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6), max_dom timescale_spp_pbl, 21600.0, temporal decorrelation of random field (in seconds); for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6), max_dom gridpt_stddev_spp_pbl, 0.15, standard deviation of random perturbation field at each grid point; for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6), max_dom stddev_cutoff_spp_pbl, 2.0, cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation; for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6), max_dom vertstruc_spp_pbl, 1, determines vertical structure for random perturbation; for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6) |br| |br| =0 : constant |br| =1 : random phase, single entry iseed_spp_pbl, 217, seed for random number stream for spp_pbl; for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6), single entry spp_lsm, 1, Turns on perturbation of parameters for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3), max_dom lengthscale_spp_lsm, 50000, perturbation length scale (in meters); for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3), max_dom timescale_spp_lsm, 86400, temporal decorrelation of random field (in seconds); for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3), max_dom gridpt_stddev_spp_lsm, 0.3, standard deviation of random perturbation field at each grid point; for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3), max_dom stddev_cutoff_spp_lsm, 3.0, cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation; for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3), max_dom vertstruc_spp_lsm, 1, determines vertical structure for random perturbation; for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3) |br| |br| =0 : constant |br| =1 : random phase, single entry iseed_spp_lsm, 317, seed for random number stream for spp_lsm; for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3), single entry | | | WRF-Solar Stochastic Ensemble Prediction System (WRF-Solar EPS) --------------------------------------------------------------- The following options are specific to the WRF-Solar Stochastic Ensemble Prediction System (WRF-Solar EPS), and assumes *multi_perturb=1*; new since V4.4. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ nens, 1, seed for random number stream; for ensemble forecasts this parameter needs to be different for each member; the seed is a function of initial start time to ensure different random number streams are created for forecasts starting from different intial times; changing this seed changes the random number streams for all activated stochastic parameterization schemes, single entry multi_perturb, 0, set to =1 to turn on stochastic perturbations tailored for solar energy applications, max_dom spdt, -1.0, frequency to update stochastic perturbations (in minutes); negative value indicates every time step, max_dom pert_farms, .false., set to =.true. to activate perturbations to FARMS parameterization, max_dom pert_farms_albedo, 0, set to =1 to perturb albedo, max_dom pert_farms_aod, 0, set to =1 to perturb aod (aerosol optical depth), max_dom pert_farms_angexp, 0, set to =1 to perturb angexp (aerosol Angstrom exponent), max_dom pert_farms_aerasy, 0, set to =1 to perturb aerasy, max_dom pert_farms_qv, 0, set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio), max_dom pert_farms_qc, 0, set to =1 to perturb qc (cloud water mixing ratio), max_dom pert_farms_qs, 0, set to =1 to perturb qs (snow mixing ratio), max_dom pert_deng, .false., set to =.true. to activate perturbations to Deng's shallow cumulus parameterization scheme (shcu_physics=5), max_dom pert_deng_qv, 0, set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio), max_dom pert_deng_qc, 0, set to =1 to perturb qc (cloud water mixing ratio), max_dom pert_deng_t, 0, set to =1 to perturb temperature, max_dom pert_deng_w, 0, set to =1 to perturb w (vertical velocity), max_dom pert_mynn, .false., set to =.true. to activate perturbations for MYNN PBL schemes (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6), max_dom pert_mynn_qv, 0, set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio), max_dom pert_mynn_qc, 0, set to =1 to perturb qc (cloud water mixing ratio), max_dom pert_mynn_t, 0, set to =1 to perturb temperature, max_dom pert_mynn_qke, 0, set to =1 to perturb w (vertical velocity), max_dom pert_noah, .false., set to =.true. to activate perturbations to Noah LSM (sf_surface_physics=2), max_dom pert_noah_qv, 0, set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio), max_dom pert_noah_smois, 0, set to =1 to perturb smois (soil moisture), max_dom pert_noah_t, 0, set to =1 to perturb temperature, max_dom pert_noah_tslb, 0, set to =1 to perturb tslb (soil temperature), max_dom pert_thom, .false., set to =.true. to activate perturbations to Thompson microphysics (mp_physics=8), max_dom pert_thom_qv, 0, set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio), max_dom pert_thom_qc, 0, set to =1 to perturb qc (cloud water mixing ratio), max_dom pert_thom_qi, 0, set to =1 to perturb qi (ice mixing ratio), max_dom pert_thom_qs, 0, set to =1 to perturb qs (snow mixing ratio), max_dom pert_thom_ni, 0, set to =1 to perturb ni (ice number concentration), max_dom pert_cld3, .false., set to =.true. to activate perturbations to clouds generated with icloud=3, max_dom pert_cld3_qv, 0, set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio), max_dom pert_cld3_t, 0, set to =1 to perturb temperature, max_dom num_pert_3d, 15, Number of entries in STOCHPERT.TBL; no need to modify, single entry | | | | &dynamics ========= | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ hybrid_opt, 2, dynamical coordinate option; |br| =0 : original WRF terrain-following coordinate (default for V3) |br| =2 : Klemp cubic form for etac (became default in V4), single entry etac, 0.2, znw(k) < etac; eta surfaces are isobaric; 0.2 is a good default value, single entry rk_ord, 3, time integration scheme; |br| |br| =2 : Runge-Kutta 2nd order |br| =3 : Runge-Kutta 3rd order; recommended setting, single entry diff_opt, -1, turbulence and mixing option; |br| |br| =0 : no turbulence or explicit spatial numerical filters; km_opt is ignored |br| =1 : evaluates 2nd order diffusion term on coordinate surfaces; uses kvdif for vertical diffusion unless the PBL option is used; may be used with km_opt=1\, which is recommended for real-data cases\, and km_opt=4 |br| =2 : evaluates mixing terms in physical space (stress form; x\,y\,z); turbulence parameterization is chosen by specifying km_opt, max_dom km_opt, -1, eddy coefficient option; |br| |br| =0 : turned off |br| =1 : constant; use khdif and kvdif |br| =2 : 1.5 order TKE closure (3D); not recommeded for DX > 2 km |br| =3 : Smagorinsky first order closure (3D); not recommended for Dx > 2km |br| =4 : horizontal Smagorinsky first order closure; recommended for real-data cases |br| =5 : Scale-aware 3DTKE LES/PBL scheme; must be used with diff_opt=2 and bl_pbl_physics=0\, and sf_sfclay_physics=1\,5\,91; new in V4.2, max_dom diff_6th_opt, 0, 6th-order numerical diffusion option; |br| |br| =0 : no 6th-order diffusion |br| =1 : 6th-order numerical diffusion |br| =2 : 6th-order numerical diffusion\, but prohibits up-gradient diffusion, max_dom diff_6th_factor, 0.12, 6th-order numerical diffusion non-dimensional rate; max value 1.0 corresponds to complete removal of 2dx wave in one timestep, max_dom diff_6th_slopeopt, 0, set to =1 to turn on 6th-order numerical diffusion - terrain-slope tapering, max_dom diff_6th_thresh, 0.1, slope threshold (m/m) that turns off 6th order diff in steep terrain, max_dom damp_opt, 3, upper-level damping flag; |br| |br| =0 : no damping |br| =1 : diffusive damping; may be used for real-data cases; dampcoef nondimensional ~ 0.01 to 0.1 |br| =2 : Rayleigh damping; dampcoef inverse time scale (1/s)\, for e.g.\, 0.003 |br| =3 : Rayleigh damping; for real-data cases; dampcoef inverse time scale (1/s)\, for e.g.\, 0.2, single entry use_theta_m, 1, use moist theta(1+1.61Qv); set to 0 to turn off, single entry use_q_diabatic, 0, set to =1 to turn on inclusion of QV and QC tendencies in advection; helps to produce correct solution in an idealized "moist benchmark" test case (Bryan\, 2014); in real-data testing\, reduce time_step to maintain stability, single entry c_s, 0.25, Smagorinsky coefficient, max_dom c_k, 0.15, TKE coefficient, max_dom zdamp, 5000, damping depth (in meters) from model top, max_dom dampcoef, 0.2, damping coefficient; see damp_opt, max_dom w_damping, 0, set to =1 to turn on vertical velocity damping flag; for operational use, single entry w_crit_cfl, 1, default vertical courant number where vertical damping begins, single entry zadvect_implicit, 0, set to =1 to use implicit/explicit vertical advection (IEVA) scheme, single entry base_pres, 100000, base state surface pressure (in Pa); real-data cases only; not recommended to change default value, single entry base_temp, 290, base state temperature (in K); real-data cases only, single entry base_lapse, 50, lapse rate (in K); not recommended to change default value; real-data cases only, single entry iso_temp, 200, isothermal temperature in the statosphere; enables the model to be extended to 5 mb; real-data cases only, single entry base_pres_strat, 0, base state pressure (in Pa) at the bottom of the stratosphere; US Standard atmosphere 55 hPa; real-data cases only, single entry base_lapse_strat, -11, base state lapse rate (dT/d(lnP)) in the stratosphere; approximate to US standard atmosphere -12K; real-data cases only, single entry use_baseparm_fr_nml, .false., set to =.true. for backward compatibility; to use with wrfinput files produced prior to V3.4, single entry use_input_w, .false., set to =.true. to use vertical velocity from the input file, single entry khdif, 0, horizontal diffusion constant (m2/s), max_dom kvdif, 0, vertical diffusion constant (m2/s), max_dom smdiv, 0.1, divergence damping; 0.1 is typical, max_dom emdiv, 0.01, external-mode filter coef for mass coordinate model; 0.01 is typical for real-data cases, max_dom epssm, 0.1, time off-centering (slightly forward) for vertical pressure gradient (or sound waves) in an effort to damp 3-d divergence; set no greater than 0.5, max_dom non-hydrostatic, .true. model is run in non-hydrostatic mode; set to .false. to run in hydrostatic mode, max_dom pert_coriolis, .false., set to =.true. to have coriolis only act on wind perturbation; only for idealized cases, max_dom top_lid, .false., set to =.true. for zero vertical motion at the top of domain; only for idealized cases, max_dom mix_full_fields, .false., used with diff_opt=2; recommended setting is .true. except for highly-idealized numerical tests; damp_opt must not =1; a setting of .false. subtracts 1D base-state profile before mixing, max_dom mix_isotropic, 0 |br| |br| if =0 : anistropic vertical/horizontal diffusion |br| =1 : isotropic; only works with km_opt=2\, 3, max_dom mix_upper_bound, 0.1, non-dimensional upper limit for diffusion coefficients; only works with km_opt=2\, 3, max_dom h_mom_adv_order, 5, horizontal momentum advection order; 5=5th\, etc., max_dom v_mom_adv_order, 3, vertical momentum advection order; 3=3rd\, etc., max_dom h_sca_adv_order, 5, horizontal scalar advection order; 5=5th\, etc., max_dom v_sca_adv_order, 3, vertical scalar advection order; 3=3rd\, etc., max_dom time_step_sound, 0, number of sound steps per timestep; if using a time_step much larger than 6xDX (in km)\, increase number of sound steps, max_dom moist_adv_opt, 1, advection option for moisture; |br| |br| =0 : simple |br| =1 : positive-definite |br| =2 : monotonic |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) |br| =4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite, max_dom scalar_adv_opt, 1, advection option for scalars; |br| |br| =0 : simple |br| =1 : positive-definite |br| =2 : monotonic |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) |br| =4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite, max_dom tke_adv_opt, 1, advection option for TKE; |br| |br| =0 : simple |br| =1 : positive-definite |br| =2 : monotonic |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) |br| =4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite, max_dom phi_adv_z, 1, vertical advection option for geopotential; |br| |br| =1 : original |br| =2 : avoid double staggering of omega, max_dom chem_adv_opt, 1, advection option for variables; |br| |br| =0 : simple |br| =1 : positive-definite |br| =2 : monotonic |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) |br| =4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite, max_dom tracer_adv_opt, 1, advection option for tracer variables; |br| =0 : simple |br| =1 : positive-definite |br| =2 : monotonic |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) |br| =4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite, max_dom momentum_adv_opt, 1, advection option for momentum; |br| |br| =1 : standard |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory), max_dom tke_drag_coefficient, 0, surface drag coefficient (Cd\, dimensionless); only works with diff_opt=2, max_dom tke_heat_flux, 0, surface thermal flux (H/rho x cp); (K ms-1); only work with diff_opt=2, max_dom fft_filter_lat, 91, the latitude (in degrees) above which the polar filter is turned on for a global model simulation; -45 is a reasonable latitude to start using polar filters, single entry coupled_filtering, .true., a setting of =.true. means mu coupled scalar arrays are run through the polar filters, single entry pos_def, .false., set to =.true. to remove negative values of scalar arrays by setting minimum value to zero, single entry swap_pole_with_next_j, .false., set to =.true. to replace the entire j=1 (jds-1) with the values from j=2 (jds-2), single entry actual_distance_average, .false., set to =.true. to average the field at each i location in the j-loop with a number of grid points based on a map-factor ratio, single entry gwd_opt, 0,gravity wave drag option; can be used for all grid sizes with appropriate input fields from geogrid; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : gravity wave drag and blocking |br| =3 : gravity wave drag\, blocking\, small-scale gravity drag and turbulent orographic form drag, max_dom do_avgflx_em, 0, set to =1 to output time-averaged mass-coupled advective velocities, max_dom do_avgflx_cugd, 0, set to =1 to output time-averaged convective mass-fluxes from the Grell-Devenyi ensemble scheme; only works when do_avgflx_em =1 and cu_physics=93, max_dom sfs_opt, 0, nonlinear backscatter and anisotrophy (NBA); |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : NBA\, using diagnostic stress terms; only works with km_opt=2\,3 for scalars |br| =2 : NBA\, using TKE-based stress terms; only works with km_opt=2\,3, max_dom m_opt, 0, set to =1 to add output of Mij stress terms when NBA is not used, max_dom tracer_opt, 0, set to =2 to activate eight pre-defined tracers (found in the Registry file), max_dom rad_nudge, 0, set to =1 to turn on nudging toward initial sounding in the TC idealized case, single entry | | The following options are specific to deactivating 2nd and 6th order horizontal filters for specific scalar variable classes. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ moist_mix2_off, .false., set to =.true. to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for moisture, max_dom chem_mix2_off, .false., set to =.true. to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for chem species, max_dom tracer_mix2_off, .false., set to =.true. to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for tracers, max_dom scalar_mix2_off, .false., set to =.true. to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for scalars, max_dom tke_mix2_off, .false., set to =.true. to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for TKE, max_dom moist_mix6_off, .false., set to =.true. to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for moisture, max_dom chem_mix6_off, .false., set to =.true. to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for chem species, max_dom tracer_mix6_off, .false., set to =.true. to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for tracers, max_dom scalar_mix6_off, .false., set to =.true. to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for scalars, max_dom tke_mix6_off, .false., set to =.true. to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for TKE, max_dom | | | | &bdy_control ============ | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ spec_bdy_width, 5, total number of rows for specified boundary value nudging; only for real-data cases, single entry spec_zone, 1, number of points in specified zone when specified=.true.; only for real-data cases, single entry relax_zone, 4, number of points in relaxation zone when specified=.true.; only for real-data cases, single entry specified, .false., set to =.true. to use a specified boundary condition; can only be used for domain 1; only for real-data cases, max_dom spec_exp, 0, exponential multiplier for relaxation zone ramp when specified=.true.; 0 = linear ramp; 0.33 = ~3*DX exp decay factor; only for real-data cases, single entry multi_bdy_files, .false., set to =.true. to instruct real.exe to generate multiple wrfbdy files (one time period per file\, using bdy_inname=wrfbdy_d01_), single entry periodic_x, .false., set to =.true. to use periodic boundary conditions in the x-direction, max_dom symmetric_xs, .false., set to =.true. to use symmetric boundary conditions on the x start side (west side), max_dom symmetric_xe, .false., set to =.true. to use symmetric boundary conditions on the x end side (east side), max_dom open_xs, .false., set to =.true. to use open boundary conditions on the x start side (west side), max_dom open_xe, .false., set to =.true. to use open boundary conditions on the x end side (east side), max_dom periodic_y, .false., set to =.true. to use periodic boundary conditions in the y-direction, max_dom symmetric_ys, .false., set to =.true. to use symmetric boundary conditions on the y start side (south side), max_dom symmetric_ye, .false., set to =.true. to use symmetric boundary conditions on the y end side (north side), max_dom open_ys, .false., set to =.true. to use open boundary conditions on the y start side (south side), max_dom open_ye, .false., set to =.true. to use open boundary conditions on the y end side (north side), max_dom nested, .false., set to =.true. to use nested boundary conditions; must be set to .true. for nests, max_dom polar, .false., set to =.true. to use a polar boundary condition (v=0 at polarward-most v-point); use for global application, max_dom constant_bc, .false., set to =.true. to use a constant boundary condition; for dfi_opt>0, single entry have_bcs_moist, .false., set to =.true. to use the microphysics variables from the wrfbdy file in wrf.exe after running ndown, max_dom have_bcs_scalar, .false., set to =.true. to use scalar variables from the wrfbdy file in wrf.exe after running ndown, max_dom | | | | &fdda ===== The following options are specific to Grid Nudging and assume *grid_fdda=1* for each domain. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ grid_fdda, 0, option to turn on grid nudging; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : grid analysis nudging on |br| =2 : spectral analysis nudging on, max_dom gfdda_inname, "wrffdda_d", defined name of grid nudging input file that is produced when running real.exe, single entry gfdda_interval_m, 0, time interval (in mins) between analysis times, max_dom gfdda_end_h, 0, time (in hours) from the initial forecast time\, to stop nudging, max_dom io_form_gfdda, 2, output format for grid analysis data; |br| |br| =2 : NetCDF |br| =4 : PHD5 |br| =5 : GRIB1 |br| =10 : GRIB2 |br| =11 : pNetCDF, single entry fgdt, 0, calculation frequency (in mins) for analysis nudging; 0=every time step\, which is recommended, max_dom if_no_pbl_nudging_uv, 0, set to =1 to turn off nudging of u and v in the PBL, max_dom if_no_pbl_nudging_t, 0, set to =1 to turn off nudging of temperature in the PBL, max_dom if_no_pbl_nudging_q, 0, set to =1 to turn off nudging of qvapor in the PBL, max_dom guv, 0, nudging coefficient for u and v (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.0003, max_dom gt, 0, nudging coefficient for temperature (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.0003, max_dom gq, 0, nudging coefficient for qvapor (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.0003, max_dom if_ramping, 0, the method for ending nudging; |br| |br| =0 : nudging ends as a step function |br| =1 : nudging ramps down at the end of the period, single entry dtramp_min, 0, timestep (in mins) for ramping function, single entry grid_sfdda, 0, type of surface grid nudging; |br| |br| =0 : none |br| =1 : nudging for selected surface fields |br| =2 : FASDAS (Flux-Adjusted Surface Data Assimilation System) nudging, max_dom sgfdda_inname, "wrfsfdda_d", defined name of surface nudging input file that comes from the OBSGRID program, single entry sgfdda_interval_m, 0, time interval (in mins) between surface analysis times, max_dom sgfdda_end_h, 0, time (in hours) from the initial forecast time\, to stop surface nudging, max_dom io_form_sgfdda, 2, surface analysis output format; |br| |br| =2 : NetCDF, single entry guv_sfc, 0, surface nudging coefficient for u and v (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.0003, max_dom gt_sfc, 0, surface nudging coefficient for temperature (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.0003, max_dom gq_sfc, 0, surface nudging coefficient for qvapor (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.00001, max_dom rinblw, 0, radius of influence used to determine the confidence (or weights) for analysis\, which is based on the distance between the grid point to the nearest observation; analysis for grid points without nearvy observations is used at a reduced weight, max_dom | | | Spectral Nudging ---------------- The following options are specific to Spectral Nudging and assume *grid_fdda=2* for each domain. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ fgdtzero, 0, set to =1 to nudge tendencies to zero in between fdda calls, max_dom if_no_pbl_nudging_ph, 0, set to =1 to turn off nudging of perturbation geopotential (ph) in the PBL, max_dom if_zfac_uv, 0, determines which layers nudging will occur for u and v; |br| |br| =0 : nudge in all layers |br| =1 : limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_uv, max_dom k_zfac_uv, 0, below this model level\, nudging is turned off for u and v, max_dom dk_zfac_uv, 1, depth (in k dimension) between k_zfac_uv to dk_zfac_uv where nudging increases linearly to full strength, max_dom if_zfac_t, 0, determines which layers nudging will occur for temperature; |br| |br| =0 : nudge temperature in all layers |br| =1 : limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_t, max_dom k_zfac_t, 0, below this model level\, nudging is turned off for temperature, max_dom dk_zfac_t, 1, depth (in k dimension) between k_zfac_t to dk_zfac_t where nudging increases linearly to full strength, max_dom if_zfac_ph, 0, determines which layers nudging will occur for perturbation geopotential (ph); |br| |br| =0 : nudge ph in all layers |br| =1 : limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_tph, max_dom k_zfac_ph, 0, below this model level\, nudging is turned off for perturbation geopotential (ph), max_dom dk_zfac_ph, 1, depth (in k dimension) between k_zfac_ph to dk_zfac_ph where nudging increases linearly to full strength, max_dom if_zfac_q, 0, determines which layers nudging will occur for qvapor; |br| |br| =0 : nudge qvapor in all layers |br| =1 : limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_tq, max_dom k_zfac_q, 0, below this model level\, nudging is turned off for qvapor, max_dom dk_zfac_q, 1, depth (in k dimension) between k_zfac_q to dk_zfac_q where nudging increases linearly to full strength, max_dom gph, 0, nudging coefficient for perturbation geopotential (ph); a reasonable value is 0.0003, max_dom ktrop, 0, option to cap spectral nudging of potential temperature and water vapor mixing ratio at a user-defined layer above the PBL; nominally selected to represent the tropopause, single entry xwavenum, 0, top wave number to nudge in the x-direction; a reasonable value is 3, max_dom ywavenum, 0, top wave number to nudge in the y-direction; a reasonable value is 3, max_dom | | | Observational Nudging --------------------- The following options are specific to Observational Nudging and assume *obs_nudge_opt=1* for each domain. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ obs_nudge_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on observational nudging; must also set auxinput11_invterval and auxinput11_end_h under &time_control in namelist.input, max_dom max_obs, 0, maximum number of observations used for a domain during any given time window, single entry fdda_start, 0, observational nudging start time (in mins), max_dom fdda_end, 0, observational nudging end time (in mins), max_dom obs_nudge_wind, 0, set to =1 to turn on wind nudging, max_dom obs_coef_wind, 0, nudging coefficient for wind (s-1), max_dom obs_nudge_temp, 0, set to =1 to turn on temperature nudging, max_dom obs_coef_temp, 0, nudging coefficient for temperature (s-1), max_dom obs_nudge_mois, 0, set to =1 to turn on vapor mixing ratio nudging, max_dom obs_coef_mois, 0, nudging coefficient for vapor mixing ratio (s-1), max_dom obs_rinxy, 0, horizontal radius of influence (in km), max_dom obs_rinsig, 0, vertical radius of influence (in eta), single entry obs_twindo, 0, half-period time window over which an observation is used for nudging (in hours), max_dom obs_npfi, 0, frequency in coarse grid timesteps for diagnostic prints, single entry obs_ionf, 1, frequency in coarse grid timesteps for observational input and error calculation, max_dom obs_idynin, 0, for dynamic initialization\, turns on ramping-down function to gradually turn off FDDA before the pure forecast, single entry obs_dtramp, 0, time period (in mins) over which the nudging is ramped down from one to zero, single entry obs_prt_max, 1000, maximum allowed obs entries in diagnostic printout, single entry obs_prt_freq, 1000, frequency in observation index for diagnostic printout, max_dom obs_ipf_in4dob, .false., set to =.true. to print observational input diagnostics, single entry obs_ipf_errob, .false., set to =.true. to print observational error diagnostics, single entry obs_ipf_nudob, .false., set to =.true. to print observational nudging diagnostics, single entry obs_ipf_init, .true., enables observational printed warning messages, single entry obs_no_pbl_nudge_uv, 0, set to =1 to turn off wind nudging within the PBL, max_dom obs_no_pbl_nudge_t, 0, set to =1 to turn off temperature nudging within the PBL, max_dom obs_no_pbl_nudge_q, 0, set to =1 to turn off moisture nudging within the PBL, max_dom obs_nudgezfullr1_uv |br| obs_nudgezfullr1_t |br| obs_nudgezfullr1_q, 50, vertical influence of full weight height for lowest model level observations\, PBL regime 1\, winds (uv)\, temperature (t)\, and moisture (q), single entry obs_nudgezrampr1_uv |br| obs_nudgezrampr1_t |br| obs_nudgezrampr1_q, 50, vertical influence of ramp-to-zero height for lowest model level observations\, regime 1\, winds (uv)\, temperature (t)\, and moisture (q), single entry obs_nudgezfullr2_uv |br| obs_nudgezfullr2_t |br| obs_nudgezfullr2_q, 50, Vertical influence of full weight height for lowest model level observations\, regime 2\, winds (uv)\, temperature (t)\, and moisture (q), single entry obs_nudgezrampr2_uv |br| obs_nudgezrampr2_t |br| obs_nudgezrampr2_q, 50, vertical influence of ramp-to-zero height for lowest model level observations\, regime 2\, winds (uv)\, temperature (t)\, and moisture (q), single entry obs_nudgezfullr4_uv |br| obs_nudgezfullr4_t |br| obs_nudgezfullr4_q, -5000, Vertical influence of full weight height for lowest model level observations\, regime 4\, winds (uv)\, temperature (t)\, and moisture (q), single entry obs_nudgezrampr4_uv |br| obs_nudgezrampr4_t |br| obs_nudgezrampr4_q, 50, vertical influence of ramp-to-zero height for lowest model level observations\, regime 4\, winds (uv)\, temperature (t)\, and moisture (q), single entry obs_nudgezfullmin, 50, minimum depth (in meters) through which the vertical influence function remains 1.0, single entry obs_nudgezrampmin, 50, minimum depth (in meters) through which the vertical influence function decreases from 1 to 0, single entry obs_nudgezmax, 3000, max depth (in meters) in which vertical influence function is non-zero, single entry obs_sfcfact, 1.0, scale factor applied to the time window for surface observations, single entry obs_sfcfacr, 1.0, scale factor applied to horizontal radius of influence for surface observations, single entry obs_dpsmx, 7.5, max pressure change ( in cb) allowed within the horizontal radius of influence, single entry obs_sfc_scheme_horiz, 0, horizontal spreading scheme for surface observations; |br| |br| =0 : WRF scheme |br| =1 : MM5 scheme, single entry obs_sfc_scheme_vert, 0, vertical spreading scheme for surface observations; |br| |br| =0 : regime vif scheme |br| =1 : original (simple) scheme, single entry obs_max_sndng_gap, 20, max allowed pressure gap (in cb) between soundings for interpolation, single entry obs_scl_neg_qv_innov, 0, set to =1 to prevent nudging toward negative Qv, single entry | | | | &noah_mp ======== | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ dveg, 4, dynamic vegetation option; for all options; |br| |br| LAI = leaf area index FVEG = vegetation fraction SHDFAC = model variable for veg fraction |br| =1 : off; LAI from table; FVEG = SHDFAC |br| =2 : on; LAI predicted; FVEG calculated |br| =3 : off; LAI from table; FVEG calculated |br| =4off; LAI from table; FVEG = max veg fraction |br| =5 : on; LAI predicted; FVEG = max veg fraction |br| =6 : on; use FVEG - SHDFAC from input |br| =7 : off; use input LAI; use FVEG - SHDFAC from input |br| =8 : off; use input LAI; calculate FVEG |br| =9 : off; use input LAI; use max veg fraction |br| =10 : crop model on; use max veg fraction, single entry opt_crs, 1, stomatal resistance option; |br| |br| =1 : Ball-Berry |br| =2 : Jarvis, single entry opt_sfc, 1, surface layer drag coefficient calculation; |br| |br| =1 : Monin-Obukhov |br| =2 : original Noah (Chen97), single entry opt_btr, 1, soil moisture factor for stomatal resistance; |br| |br| =1 : Noah |br| =2 : CLM |br| =3 : SSiB, single entry opt_run, 3, runoff and groundwater option; |br| |br| =1 : TOPMODEL with groundwater |br| =2 : TOPMODEL with equilibrium water table |br| =3 : original surface and subsurface runoff (free drainage) |br| =4 : BATS (Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme) surface and subsurface runoff (free drainage) |br| =5 : Miguez-Macho & Fan groundwater scheme (Miguez-Macho et al.\, 2007\, Fan et al.\, 2007); geogrid must be run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution! |br| =6 : Variable Infiltration Capacity Model Surface Runoff scheme (Wood et al.\, 1992); works in V4.4+ |br| =7 : Xiananjiang Infiltration and Surface Runoff scheme (Jayawardena and Zhou\, 2000); works in V4.4+ |br| =8 : Dynamic VIC Surface Runoff scheme (Liang and Xie\, 2001); works in V4.4+, single entry opt_infdv, 0, infiltration option in dynamic VIC runoff scheme; only works when opt_run=8; works in V4.4+; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : Philip scheme |br| =2 : Green-Ampt scheme |br| =3 : Smith-Parlange scheme, single entry opt_frz, 1, supercooled liquid water option; |br| |br| =1 : no iteration |br| =2 : Koren's iteration, single entry opt_inf, 1, soil permeability option; |br| |br| =1 : linear effect\, more permeable |br| =2 : non-linear effect; less permeable, single entry opt_rad, 3, radiative transfer option; |br| |br| =1 : modified two-stream; known to cause problems when vegetation fraction is small |br| =2 : two-stream applied to grid cell |br| =3 : two-stream applied to veg fraction, single entry opt_alb, 2, ground surface albedo option; |br| |br| =1 : BATS |br| =2 : CLASS (Canadian Land Surface Scheme), single entry opt_snf, 1, precipitation partitioning between snow and rain; |br| |br| =1 : Jordan\, 1991 |br| =2 : BATS; snow when SFCTMP0; geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution; |br| |br| =0 : method based on geo_em fractions (all three methods are on) |br| =1 : sprinkler method |br| =2 : micro/drip irrigation |br| =3 : surface flooding, single entry opt_tdrn, 0, tile drainage option; only confirmed to work with opt_run=3; geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution; new since V4.4; |br| |br| =0 : no tile drainage |br| =1 : simple drainage |br| =2 : Hooghoudt's equation-based tile drainage, single entry soiltstep, 0.0, soil process timestep (in seconds) for solving soil water and temperature; new since V4.4; |br| |br| =0 : same as main NoahMP model timestep; |br| = N*dt_noahmp : typically 15 or 30 mins, single entry noahmp_output, 1, Noah-MP output levels; new since V4.4; |br| |br| =1 : standard output |br| =3 : standard output with additional water and energy budget term, single entry noahmp_acc_dt, 0.0, bucket reset time interval (mins) between outputs for accumulation; only works with noahmp_output=3, single entry | | | | &dfi_control ============ The following options are specific to Digital Filter Initialization (DFI) and assume *dfi_opt>0*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ dfi_opt, 0, digital filter initialization option; supports nesting with no feedback; |br| |br| =0 : no DFI |br| =1 : digital filter launch (DFL) |br| =2 : diabatic DFI (DDFI) |br| =3 : twice DFI (TDFI); recommended, single entry dfi_nfilter, 7, type of digital filter to use when dfi_opt>0; |br| |br| =0 : uniform |br| =1 : Lanczos |br| =2 : Hamming |br| =3 : Blackman |br| =4 : Kaiser |br| =5 : Potter |br| =6 : Dolph window |br| =7 : Dolph; recommended |br| =8 : recursive high-order, single entry dfi_write_filtered_input, .true., when set to =.true.\, writes a wrfinput file with a filtered model state before beginning a forecast, single entry dfi_write_dfi_history, .false., set to =.true. to write wrfout files during filtering integration, single entry dfi_cutoff_seconds, 3600, cutoff period (in seconds) for the filter; should not be longer than the filter window, single entry dfi_time_dim, 1000, maximum number of time steps for the filtering period; this value can be larger than necessary, single entry | | The following settings show an example for 1 hour backward integration for a model simulation that starts at 2004-03-13_12:00:00. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ dfi_bckstop_year, 2004, 4-digit year of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry dfi_bckstop_month, 3, 2-digit month of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry dfi_bckstop_day, 13, 2-digit day of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry dfi_bckstop_hour, 11, 2-digit hour of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry dfi_bckstop_minute, 0, 2-digit minute of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry dfi_bckstop_second, 0, 2-digit second of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry | | The following settings specify 30 minutes of forward integration for a model simulation that starts at 2004-03-13_12:00:00. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ dfi_fwdstop_year, 2004, 4-digit year of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_fwdstop_month, 3, 2-digit month of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_fwdstop_day, 13, 2-digit day of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_fwdstop_hour, 12, 2-digit hour of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_fwdstop_minute, 30, 2-digit minute of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_fwdstop_second, 0, 2-digit second of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_savehydmeteors, 0, Option for radar data assimilation: |br| |br| =0 : sets hydrometeors to 0 and lets them spin up in DFI |br| =1 : keeps hydrometeors unchanged, single entry | | | | &grib2 ====== | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ background_proc_id, 255, background generating process identifier (typically defined by the originating data center) to identify background data used in creating the data; this is octet 13 of Section 4 in the grib2 message, single entry forecast_proc_id, 255, analysis or generating forecast process identifier (typically defined by the originating data center) to identify the forecast process used to generate the data; this is octet 14 of Section 4 in the grib2 message, single entry production_status, 255, production status of processed data in the grib2 message; see Code Table 1.3 of the grib2 manual; this is octect 20 of Section 1 in the grib2 record, single entry compression, 40, the compression method to encode the output grib2 message; only supported types are: |br| |br| =40 : jpeg2000 |br| =41 : PNG, single entry | | | | &scm ==== The Single Column Model (SCM) can only be run for a single domain. All options require only a single entry in the namelist. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ scm_force, 0, set to =1 to turn on single column forcing scm_force_dx, 4000, DX for SCM forcing (in meters) num_force_layers, 8, number of SCM input forcing layers scm_lu_index, 2, SCM landuse category; 2= dryland\, cropland\, and pasture; others can be found in the LANDUSE.TBL file in the run/ or test/em_real/ directory scm_isltyp, 4, SCM soil category; 4= silt loam; others can be found in the SOILPARM.TBL file in the run/ or test/em_real/ directory scm_vegfra, 50, SCM vegetation fraction (%) scm_canwat, 0, SCM canopy water (kg m-2) scm_lat, 36.605, SCM latitude scm_lon, -97.485, SCM longitude scm_th_adv, .true., turns on theta advection in SCM scm_wind_adv, .true., turns on wind advection in SCM scm_qv_adv, .true., turns on moisture advection in SCM scm_vert_adv, .true., turns on vertical advection in SCM scm_ql_adv, .false., set to =.true. to turn on liquid advection in SCM scm_force_skintemp, 0, set to =1 to turn on SCM forcing by skin temp scm_force_flux, 0, set to =1 to turn on SCM forcing by surface fluxes num_force_soil_layers, 5, number of SCM soil forcing layers scm_soilt_force, .false., set to =.true. to turn on soil temperature forcing in SCM scm_soilq_force, .false., set to =.true. to turn on moisture forcing in SCM scm_force_th_largescale, .false., set to =.true. to turn on large-scale theta forcing in SCM scm_force_qv_largescale, .false., set to =.true. to turn on large-scale qv forcing in SCM scm_force_ql_largescale, .false., set to =.true. to turn on large-scale ql forcing in SCM scm_force_wind_largescale, .false., set to =.true. to turn on large-scale wind forcing in SCM | | | | &tc === | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ insert_bogus_storm, .false., set to =.true. to insert a bogus tropical cyclone, single entry remove_storm, .false., set to =.true. to remove the original tropical cyclone; does not work if a TC did not already exist, single entry num_storm, 1, the number of bogus TCs in the domain, single entry latc_loc, -999, center latitude of the bogus TC, max_bogus lonc_loc, -999, center longitude of the bogus TC, max_bogus vmax_meters_per_second, -999, wind max of bogus storm (m s-1), max_bogus rmax, -999, maximum radius outward from storm center of bogus TC, max_bogus vmax_ratio, -999, ratio for representative maximum winds; 0.75 for 45 km grid\, and 0.9 for 15 km grid, max_bogus rankine_lid, -999, top pressure limit for the TC bogus scheme, single entry | | | | &diags ====== **To output fields on pressure levels (p_lev_diags=1)**, the following variables must be set in the *&time_control* record: * *auxhist23_outname=\'wrfpress_d_\'* (modify output stream and file name accordingly) * *io_form_auxhist23=2* (2=netCDF file format) * *auxhist23_interval=180,180* (interval in minutes for each domain) * *frames_per_auxhist23=1,1* (number of files output per interval period) | **To vertically interpolate diagnostics to z-levels (z_lev_diags=1)**, the following additional variables must set in the &time_control record (note the use of stream 22, instead of 23, as is used above): * auxhist22_outname='wrfpress_d_' (modify output stream and file name accordingly) * io_form_auxhist22=2 (2=netCDF file format) * auxhist22_interval=180,180 (interval in minutes for each domain) * frames_per_auxhist22=1,1 (number of files output per interval period) | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ p_lev_diags, 0, set to =1 to output pressure level diagnostics, single entry num_press_levels, 0, number of pressure levels, single entry press_levels, 0, specifically state the desired pressure levels (in Pa); one per num_press_levels, max_plevs use_tot_or_hyd_p, 2, pressure option; |br| |br| 1 : use total pressure |br| 2 : use hydrostatic pressure, single entry p_lev_missing, -999, missing value below ground, single entry z_lev_diags, 0, set to =1 to vertically interpolate diagnostics to z-levels, single entry num_z_levels, 0, number of height levels to interpolate to, single entry z_levels, 0, list of height values (in meters) to interpolate data to; positive numbers are for heights above mean sea level (i.e.\, a flight level); negative numbers are for levels above ground, max_zlevs z_lev_missing, -999, missing value below ground, single entry extrap_below_grnd, 1, method used for extrapolating below ground; |br| |br| =1 : no extrapolation |br| =2 : extrapolate adiabatically, single entry solar_diagnostics, 0, set to =1 to turn on solar forecasting diagnostics for additional solar-related outputs; see full description in the "output diagnostics" section of the `WRF Output`_ chapter; new since V4.2, single entry | | | | &afwa ===== The following options are specific to AFWA diagnostics, and assumes *afwa_daig_opt=1*. .. note:: These options cannot be used with an OpenMP configuration. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ afwa_diag_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on AFWA diagnostics, max_dom afwa_ptype_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on precipitation type option, max_dom afwa_vil_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on vertical int liquid option, max_dom afwa_radar_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on radar option, max_dom afwa_severe_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on severe weather option, max_dom afwa_icing_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on icing option, max_dom afwa_vis_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on visibility option, max_dom afwa_cloud_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on cloud option, max_dom afwa_therm_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on thermal indices option, max_dom afwa_turb_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on turbulence option, max_dom afwa_buoy_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on buoyancy option, max_dom afwa_ptype_ccn_tmp, 264.15, CCN temperature for precipitation type calculation, single entry afwa_ptype_tot_melt, 50, total melting energy for precipitation type calculation, single entry | | | | &ideal ====== | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ ideal_case, 0, set to =1 to indicate this is an idealized test case; mandatory for all idealized cases, single entry | | | .. _`WRF Output`: ./output.html .. _CESM_RCP4.5_Aerosol_Data.dat: http://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/src/wrf_files/CESM_RCP4.5_Aerosol_Data.tar.gz .. _Physics: ./physics.html