================== Namelist Variables ================== The following are descriptions of *namelist.input* settings. .. important:: Not all namelist parameters are domain-depending (requiring an entry for each domain). Some parameters require only a single entry, and multiple entries will cause a runtime error. In the below tables, note whether variables are "single entry" or "max_dom" entries, where "max_dom" indicates a value is expected for each domain. | See the following resources for additional details and recommendations: * *WRF/Registry/* files * *WRF/run/README.namelist* (or *WRF/test/em_real/README.namelist*) * *WRF/test/em_real/examples.namelist* | | | | &time_control ============= To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&time_control** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ run_days |br| run_hours |br| run_minutes |br| run_seconds, 0, Simulation length in days\, hours\, minutes\, and seconds; Use any combination of *run_\** settings to obtain the desired simulation length. *run_\** parameters take precedence over *start_\** and *end_\** times during wrf.exe; real.exe does not use *run_\** settings, Single entry | | In the following section: * *start_\** times name the first *wrfout* file and control the start time for restarts. * *start_\** and *end_\** times control the start and end time for all domains. * *start_\** and *end_\** times are used by real.exe. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ start_year, 2019, 4 digit year of simulation start time, max_dom start_month, 9, 2 digit month of simulation start time, max_dom start_day, 4, 2 digit day of simulation start time, max_dom start_hour, 12, 2 digit hour of simulation start time, max_dom start_minute, 0, 2 digit minute of simulation start time, max_dom start_second, 0, 2 digit second of simulation start time, max_dom end_year, 2019, 4 digit year of simulation start time, max_dom end_month, 9, 2 digit month of simulation start time, max_dom end_day, 6, 2 digit day of simulation start time, max_dom end_hour, 0, 2 digit hour of simulation start time, max_dom end_minute, 0, 2 digit minute of simulation start time, max_dom end_second, 0, 2 digit second of simulation start time, max_dom | | .. csv-table:: :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ interval_seconds, 10800, time interval between input data from WPS\, which will be the interval (in seconds) between times written to the lateral boundary condition file (*wrfbdy_d01*); em_real only, single entry input_from_file, .true., whether WPS input files (*met_em.d0\**) are used for nest domains; |br| |br| *works when max_dom* :math:`\\geq` 2\, max_dom fine_input_stream, 0, option to select fields to use from nest input for initialization; |br| |br| = 0 : all fields are used |br| = 2 : only input specified for input stream 2 (defined in Registry) are used for nests |br| |br| *works when max_dom=2 or more and when io_form_auxinput2 is set*, max_dom history_interval, 60,Frequency (in simulation minutes) that data are written/recorded to WRF historyoutput file(s) (*wrfout_d0\**); alternatively\, use *history_interval_d*\, *history_interval_h*\, *history_interval_m*\, *history_interval_s*\ to set the frequency in days\, hours\, mins\, secs\, respectfully, max_dom history_begin, 0,indicates the number of minutes\, from the beginning of the simulation run\, after which the WRF history/output file (*wrfout.d0\**) is generated; alternatively\, use *history_begin_d*\, *history_begin_h*\, *history_begin_m*\, *history_begin_s* to set the frequency in days\, hours\, mins\, secs\, respectfully, max_dom frames_per_outfile, 1, the number of history times bulked into each WRF history/output file (*wrfout.d0\**); used to split output files into smaller pieces, max_dom restart, .false., whether this run is a restart simulation |br| |br| *if =.true.*\, *must have a wrfrst file for the simulation time start*, single entry restart_interval, 1440, the interval (in mins) at which restart output files are written; |br| |br| *works when restart_interval is within the simulation timeframe*, single entry override_restart_timers, .false., the method used for restart output intervals; |br| |br| =.true. : uses *restart_interval* namelist setting for the restart output interval |br| =.false. : uses all output intervals (including history) given by the *wrfrst* file |br| |br| *works when restart=.true.*, single entry write_hist_at_0h_rst, .false., =.false. = no WRF history/output file will be written at the restart initial time (prevents overwriting the initial WRF run's history/output file for this time); |br| =.true. = a WRF history/output file is written at the intial time of the restart; |br| |br| *works when restart=.true.*, single entry output_ready_flag, .true.,tells the model to write out an empty file with the name *wrfoutReady_d*; useful for production runs in which post-processing code can use this file to check whether the run completed, single entry force_use_old_data, .false., =.false. = model stops when it detects input data prior to version 4; |br| =.true. = allow input data prior to WRFv4.0, single entry reset_simulation_start, .false., whether to overwrite the simulation start date with the forecast start time, single entry auxinput1_inname, "met_em.d.", name of the WPS input file used during real.exe; only necessary if not using default file names, single entry auxinput4_inname, "wrflowinp_d", name of the the lower boundary file created by real.exe; |br| |br| *works when sst_update=1*, single entry auxinput4_interval, 360, interval in mins for the lower boundary file (*wrflowinp_d0\**); |br| |br| *works when sst_update=1*, max_dom io_form_auxinput4, 2, I/O format for *wrflowinp* files (2 = netCDF format); |br| |br| *works when sst_update=1*, single entry io_form_history, 2, I/O format of WRF history/output file(s) (*wrfout*); |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =102 : split netCDF files\, one per processor; must restart with same number of processors |br| = 1 : binary format; no supported post-processing software available |br| = 4 : PHDF5; no supported post-processing software available |br| = 5 : GRIB1 |br| = 10 : GRIB2 |br| = 11 : parallel netCDF, single entry io_form_restart, 2, I/O format of restart output files (*wrfrst*); |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =11 : parallel netCDF |br| =102 : split netCDF files\, one per processor; must restart with the same number of processors, single entry io_form_input, 2,I/O format of WPS input files (*met_em*); |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =11 : parallel netCDF |br| =102 : split netCDF files\, allows real.exe to read-in split *met_em* files\, and write split *wrfinput* files, single entry io_form_boundary, 2, I/O format of the *wrfbdy* file; |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =4 : PHDF5; no supported post-processing software available |br| =5 : GRIB1 |br| =10 : GRIB2 |br| = 11 : parallel netCDF, single entry ncd_nofill, .true., when *.true.* only processes a single "write" as opposed to "write/read/write" sequence; could potentially improve I/O speed, single entry io_form_auxinput2, 2, IO format for input stream 2 data; |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =4 : PHD5 |br| =5 : GRIB1 |br| =10 : GRIB2 |br| =11 : pnetCDF; |br| |br| *works when using ndown and/or when sst_update=1*, single entry diag_print, 0, option to print out time series of model diagnostics; |br| |br| =0 : no print |br| =1 : domain-averaged 3-hourly hydrostatic surface pressure tendency (:math:`Dpsfc/Dt`)\, and dry-hydrostatic column pressure tendency (:math:`Dmu/Dt`) added to the standard *wrfout* file |br| =2 : option 1\, plus domain-averaged rainfall\, sfc evaporation\, and sensible and latent heat fluxes, single entry debug_level, 0, a larger value (50\, 200\, etc.) increases debugging print-outs when running; |br| |br| NOTE: this option is removed from default namelists - rarely provides useful info and adds extra junk to standard error/output files\, making them difficult to read and sometimes too large to write - causing runtime crashes, single entry auxhistX_outname, "auxhistX_d_", when using an option to output additional fields to a file other than *wrfout*\, this is the name of the file that will contain the extra fields; *X* denotes the stream used (e.g.\, *auxhist9_outname="auxhist9_d_* for stream 9). Don't modify the *d_* syntax. If necessary\, only modify the prefix (e.g.\, "rainfall_d_"), single entry auxhistX_interval, 10, when using an option to output additional fields to a file other than *wrfout*\, this is the output interval (in mins); *X* denotes the stream used (e.g.\, *auxhist9_interval* for stream 9), max_dom io_form_auxhistX, 2, when using an option to output additional fields to a file other than *wrfout*\, this is the output file format; *X* denotes the stream used (e.g.\, *io_form_auxhist9* for stream 9).; |br| |br| =2 : netCDF |br| =4 : PHD5 |br| =5 : GRIB1 |br| =10 : GRIB2 |br| =11 : pnetCDF, single entry frames_per_auxhistX, 1000, when using an option to output additional fields to a file other than *wrfout*\, this is the number of WRF history/output times included in each *auxhistX* output file; *X* denotes the stream used (e.g.\, *frames_per_auxhist9* for stream 9), max_dom auxinput11_interval, 10, interval (mins) for `observational nudging `_ input; set to the same (or greater) frequency as *obs_ionf* (with the coarse domain time step); |br| |br| *works when obs_nudge_opt=1*, max_dom auxinput11_end_h, 6, end of the observation time (in hrs) when using observational nudging; |br| |br| *works when obs_nudge_opt=1*, max_dom nocolons, .false., set to *.true.* to replace colons with underscores in output file names, single entry all_ic_times, .false., set to *.true.* to instruct real.exe to output a *wrfinput* file for each time period, single entry adjust_output_times, .false., set to *.true.* to adjust output times to the nearest hour, single entry output_diagnostics, 0, set to *1* to add 48 sfc diagnostic arrays (max/min/mean/std) in the specified time interval; `details `_, single entry nwp_diagnostics, 0, set to *1* to add diagnostic fields (10m wind sp\, 2-5 km max helicity\, max vert. velocity in updraft and downdraft below 400mb\, 2-5 km mean vert. velocity\, max column graupel to WRF history/output (*wrfout*); `details `_; |br| |br| *works when do_radar_ref-1*, single entry | | | | 3DVAR Applications ------------------ The following **&time_control** record options are specific to the `3DVAR application `_. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ write_input, .false., set to *.true.* to write input-formatted data as output for the 3DVAR application, single entry inputout_interval, 0, interval (in mins) when using the *write_input* option |br| |br| *works when write_input=.true.*, max_dom input_outname, "wrf_3dvar_input_d_", output file name from 3DVAR, single entry inputout_begin_y |br| inputout_begin_d |br| inputout_begin_h |br| inputout_begin_m |br| inputout_begin_s, 0, beginning year\, day\, hour\, minute\, and second (respectively) to write 3DVAR data, max_dom inputout_end_y |br| inputout_end_d |br| inputout_end_h |br| inputout_end_m |br| inputout_end_s, 0, ending year\, day\, hour\, minute\, and second (respectively) to write 3DVAR data, max_dom | | | | Vortex-following with High-resolution Terrain/Landuse Applications ------------------------------------------------------------------ The following **&time_control** record options are specific to the automatic moving nest application, and with WRF compiled for use with `high-resolution terrain and landuse `_. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ input_from_hires, .false., set to *.true.* to use high-resolution terrain and landuse in the nests; |br| |br| *works when using special high-res input data and when WRF is compiled with environment variable setting *TERRAIN_AND_LANDUSE - see above link for details*, max_dom rsmas_data_path, "path-to-high-res-data-directory", path of the directory where the high-res data is stored, single entry | | | | Run-time I/O Application ------------------------ The following **&time_control** record options are specific to the `runtime I/O option `_. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ iofields_filename, "my_iofields_list.txt", when this is set\, WRF reads this file\, which lists variables to add or remove to/from output; user must create this text file (e.g.\, *my_iofields_list.txt*) in which variables to add/remove are declared - see above link for details, max_dom ignore_iofields_warning, .true., if the file listed for *iofields_filename* contains an error\, WRF continues without stopping; set to *.false.* to abort the model if an error is encountered, single entry | | | | | &domains ======== To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&domains** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ time_step, " ", time step (in seconds) for model integration |br| |br| set to a value :math:`\\leq` 6*DX (in km); e.g.\, for *DX=10*\, set *time_step* :math:`\\leq` 60, single entry time_step_fract_num, 0, fractional time step numerator, single entry time_step_fract_den, 1, fractional time step denominator; (e.g.\, for a 60.3 sec time step\, set *time_step=60; time_step_fract_num=3*; and *time_step_fract_den=10*), single entry time_step_dfi, " ", DFI time step (it's ok to se to a value different than *time_step*) |br| |br| *works when dfi_opt=1*, single entry max_dom, 1, the number of domains to simulate, single entry s_we |br| s_sn |br| s_vert, 1, start index in x (east-west)\, y (south- north)\, and z (vertical) directions\, respectively. DO NOT change these values, max_dom e_we |br| e_sn, 32, end index in x (east-west)\, and y (south- north) direction\, respectively; staggered dimension, max_dom e_vert, 31, end index in z (vertical) direction; staggered dimension for full levels (most variables are on unstaggered levels); use the same value for all domains, max_dom dx |br| dy, 200, grid length/resolution (in meters) in the x and y directions, single entry ztop, 15000, height (in meters) used to define the model top for idealized cases, max_dom grid_id, 1, domain identifier, max_dom parent_id, 1, domain ID of the domain's parent; e.g.\, for 3 concentric domainsi\, set to *=1\,1\,2*, max_dom i_parent_start |br| j_parent_start, 1, the i-indice and j-indice where the lower left corner of the nest sits inside its parent domain, max_dom parent_grid_ratio, 1, parent-to-nest grid size (resoluton) ratio; recommend odd ratios (3:1 or 5:1); can be even if *feedback=0*, max_dom parent_time_step_ratio, 1, parent-to-nest time step ratio; typically set to the same value as *parent_grid_ratio*\, but it doesn't have to be, max_dom feedback, 1, feeds back data at corresponding points from the nest to its parent; set to *0* to turn off, single entry smooth_option, 2, parent domain smoothing option using feedback; |br| |br| =0 : turned off |br| =1 : 1-2-1 smoothing |br| =2 : smoothing-desmoothing |br| |br| *works when feedback=1*, single entry hypsometric_opt, 2, when set to *2*\, real.exe computes height and wrf.exe computes pressure using the hypsometric equation (less biased when compared against input data); set to *1* to use a hydrostatic equation that depends on air density, single entry max_ts_locs, 5, maximum number of time series locations when using the time series option (*tslist*) |br| |br| *works when a 'tslist' text file is available in the running directory*, single entry max_ts_level, 15, the profile output's highest model level when using the time series option (*tslist*) |br| |br| *works when a 'tslist' text file is available in the running directory*, single entry wif_input_opt, 0, option to process additional data specific to aerosol-aware Thompson microphysics |br| |br| =1 : processes Water Ice Friendly Aerosol input from metgrid; see *run/README.namelist* for details |br| =2 : (new since V4.4) use a black carbon aerosol category and its radiative effect |br| |br| *works when file `QNWFA_QNIFA_QNBCA_SIGMA_MONTHLY.dat` is included during WPS*\, *and when mp_physics=28*, single entry num_wif_levels, 30, number of levels in the Thompson Water Ice Friendly Aerosols |br| |br| *works with mp_physics=28 and wif_input_opt=1*; see *run/README.namelist* for details, single entry | | The following **&domains** record options are specific to running real.exe: .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ num_metgrid_levels, 27, number of vertical levels in *met_em* files; to check\, use command ``ncdump -h met_em.d0*`` (use the full name of one of the *met_em* files), single entry num_metgrid_soil_levels, 4, number of soil levels/layers in *met_em* files; use command ``ncdump -h met_em.d0*`` (use the full name of one of the *met_em* files), single entry eta_levels, (for e.g.) 1.0\, 0.99\, ...\, 0.0, model eta levels from 1 to 0. If not specified real.exe provides a reasonable set of numbers, single entry auto_levels_opt, 2, determines how vertical levels are calculated; |br| |br| =1 : (older option) assumes a known first several layers\, then generates equi-height spaced levels up to the model top |br| =2 : set *dzstretch_s\, dzstretch_u\, dzbot\,* and *max_dz* to stretch levels according to :math:`logP`\, up to to level where max thickness is used (see *max_dz*)\, starting from thickness (*dzbot*), single entry max_dz, 1000, the maximum thickness (in meters) a layer can be stretched |br| |br| *works when auto_levels_opt=2*, single entry dzbot, 50, the thickness (in meters) of the lowest layer |br| |br| *works when auto_levels_opt=2*, single entry dzstretch_s, 1.3, the surface stretch factor (`see details `_), single entry dzstretch_u, 1.1, the upper stretch factor (`see details `_) |br| |br| *works when auto_levels_opt=2*, single entry ideal_init_method, 1, option to compute albedo for idealized cases (coded in *WRF/dyn_em/start_em.F*); |br| |br| =1 : albedo comes from the base state geopotential (*phb*) |br| =2 : albedo comes from initial potential temp (*t_init*), single entry interp_method_type, 2, coarse-to-fine grid horizontal interpolation method; all options (except 2) use the same horizontal scheme for fine-grid lateral boundary computations; |br| |br| =1 : bi-linear |br| =2: Smolarkiewicz (SINT) method; note\, can be problematic for large refinement ratios (e.g.\, 15:1) |br| =3 : nearest-neighbor; only use for testing |br| =4 : overlapping quadratic |br| =12 : uses SINT; only use for testing, single entry | | | | Vertical Interpolation ---------------------- The following **&domains** record options are specific to vertical interpolation. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ p_top_requested, 5000, pressure top (in Pa) used during simulation; data for this level must be included in *met_em\** files, single entry smooth_cg_topo, .false., set to *.true.* to smooth the outer rows and columns of the domain 1 topography\, with respect to the input data, single entry lagrange_order, 2, the type of vertical interpolation order used during real.exe; |br| |br| =1 : linear |br| =2 : quadratic |br| =9 : cubic spline, single entry force_sfc_in_vinterp, 1, when set to :math:`\\geq` 1\, this is the number of eta levels that are forced to use the surface during vertical interpolation; set to *0* to turn off and use traditional trapping interpolation, single entry use_levels_below_ground, .true., whether to use levels below input data's sfc level during real.exe vertical interpolation; |br| |br| =.true. : use input isobaric levels below input surface |br| =.false. : extrapolate when WRF location is below input surface level, single entry use_surface, .true., use input surface-level data during real.exe vertical interpolation, single entry lowest_lev_from_sfc, .false., the method used for eta level interpolation; |br| |br| =.true. : for u\,v\,t\, and q\, use the surface value for the lowest eta level |br| =.false.: use traditional interpolation, single entry sfcp_to_sfcp, .false., when input data does not include sea-level pressure\, set to *.true.* to compute model surface pressure when incoming data only has surface pressure and terrain, single entry interp_theta, .false., determines whether to vertically interpolate temperature and or potential temperature; |br| |br| =.false. : vertically interpolates temperature (may reduce bias when compared with input data) |br| =.true. : vertically interpolates potential temperature, single entry interp_type, 2, type of vertical interpolation; |br| |br| =1 : vertical interpolation is linear in pressure |br| =2 : vertical interpolation is linear in log(pressure), single entry extrap_type, 2, type of vertical extrapolation for non-temperature variables; |br| |br| =1 : using the two lowest levels |br| =2 : using the lowest level as a constant below ground, single entry t_extrap_type, 2, type of vertical extrapolation used for potential temperature; |br| |br| =1 : isothermal |br| =2 : -6.5 K/km lapse rate for temp |br| =3 : constant theta, single entry use_maxw_level, 0, when set to *1*\, real.exe uses input (from *met_em\** files) U\, V\, T\, and GHT values at the level of max wind speed during vertical interpolation, single entry maxw_horiz_pres_diff, 5000, this value defines the maximum allowable pressure difference (in Pa) between adjacent values; when exceed *use_maxw_level* is set to *0* so that the level of maximum wind is not included in the column during real.exe vertical interpolation, single entry maxw_above_this_level, 30000, when *use_maxw_level=1*\, max wind data will be used only for this pressure level\, and those above (in height); e.g.\, if set to 3000 Pa\, a max wind value at 5000 Pa is ignored; real-data simulations only, single entry use_trop_level, 0, when set to *1*\, real.exe uses input (from *met_em\** files) U\, V\, T\, and GHT values at the tropopause level during vertical interpolation, single entry trop_horiz_pres_diff, 5000, this value defines the maximum allowable pressure difference (in Pa) between adjacent values; when exceeded\, the tropopause level is excluded during real.exe vertical interpolation, single entry use_tavg_for_tsk, .false., when skin temperature is not present in input data\, set this to *.true.* to use diurnally-averaged surface temperature (can be computed using *WPS/util/avg_tsfc.exe*) in place of skin temperature, single entry use_sh_qv, .false., when set to *.true.*\, real.exe uses specific humidity and mixing ratio from input data (*met_em\** files); this is recommended when input data have high vertical resolution, single entry zap_close_levels, 500, when :math:`\\Delta p` is less than this value\, data from isobaric levels above the surface are ignored, single entry rh2qv_wrt_liquid, .true., computes *qv* with respect to liquid water; set to *.false.* to compute with respect to ice, single entry rh2qv_method, 1, the method used to compute mixing ratio from relative humidity (RH); |br| |br| =1 : old MM5 method |br| =2 : WMO-recommended method (WMO- No. 49\, corrigendum\, August 2000), single entry vert_refine_method, 0, the vertical refinement method used; |br| |br| =0 : no vertical refinement |br| =1 : integer vertical refinement |br| =2 : use specified or computed eta levels for vertical refinement, max_dom vert_refine_fact, 1, when using the ndown.exe program along with vertical refinement (*vert_refine_method = 1 or 2*)\, this is the vertical refinement factor used |br| |br| =1 : uses the same number of vertical levels as the coarse domain |br| =2 : double the vertical resolution |br| =3 : triple the vertical resolution |br| =n : etc., single entry | | | | Specified Moving Nest Application --------------------------------- The following **&domains** record options are specific to the `specified moving nest `_ option, and can be used when WRF is configured/compiled with nesting option *2=preset-moves*. | .. note:: Instead of a *max_dom* setting, some variables in this section use *max_moves*, which is set to 50 in the code. This can be modified in *WRF/frame/module_driver_constants.F*, and will be applied after WRF is recompiled to incorporate the change. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ num_moves, 0, choose the total number of moves desired for the length of the simulation; each domain uses the same number of moves, single entry move_id, *(e.g.)* |br| 2\, 2, this list of nested domain IDs sets the order for nests to move, max_moves move_interval, *(e.g.)* |br| 60\, 120, the interval of time between the beginning of the simulation\, to the time the nest moves, max_moves move_cd_x |br| move_cd_y, *(e.g.)* |br| 1\, -1, the i and j directions (respectively) that the parent domain moves for each move |br| |br| *1* : toward the east or north |br| *-1* : toward the west or south |br| *0* : no move, max_moves | | | | Vortex-following ---------------- The following **&domains** record options are specific to the `Automatic Moving Nest (Vortex-following) `_ option. To use these options, the model must be compiled with nesting option *3=vortex-following*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ vortex_interval, 15, how often (in mins) a new vortex position is computed, max_dom max_vortex_speed, 40, used to compute the search radius for the new vortex position (in m/s), max_dom corral_dist, 8, how close (in number of grid cells) the moving nest is allowed to get to the coarse grid boundary before the coarse grid moves, max_dom track_level, 50000, pressure level (in Pa) at which the tropical storm vortex is tracked, single entry time_to_move, 0, time (in mins from simulation start time) to start moving the nest, max_dom | | | | Adaptive Time Step ------------------ The following **&domains** record options are specific to the `Adaptive Time Step `_ option. .. note:: When *use_adaptive_time_step=.true.*, the *time_step* setting in *namelist.input* is ignored and the below namelist options determine the time step. | | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ use_adaptive_time_step, .false., set to *.true.* to turn on adaptive time step, single entry | The following options can be applied when **use_adaptive_time_step=.true.** : .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :escape: \ step_to_output_time, .true., as time_step adjusts\, the time step and history write times don't always align; set this to *.true.*\ to adjust the time and ensure they align, single entry target_cfl, 1.2, when vertical CFL :math:`\\leq` to this value\, time step does not need to be reduced and is\, instead\, increased, max_dom target_hcfl, 0.84, when horizontal CFL :math:`\\leq` to this value\, time step does not need to be reduced and is\, instead\, increased, max_dom max_step_increase_pct, 5, when time step is increased\, this is the percent increase of the previous time step; use larger values for nests (e.g. = 5\, 51\, 51) |br| |br| time step increases when the max(vert CFL\, horiz CFL) :math:`\\leq` *target_cfl*, max_dom adaptation_domain, 1, specifies the domain used to drive adaptive time stepping, single entry starting_time_step, -1, any positive integer specifies the starting time step (in seconds); the default value (-1) sets the starting time step to :math:`4 \\times DX`, max_dom starting_time_step_den, 0, when a fractional time step is required\, this is the *starting_time_step* denominator, max_dom max_time_step, -1, any positive integer specifies the maximum time step (in seconds) that will be used; the default value (-1) sets the maximum time step to :math:`8 \\times DX`, max_dom max_time_step_den, 0, when a fractional time step is required\, this is the *max_time_step* denominator, max_dom min_time_step, -1, any positive integer specifies the minimum time step (in seconds) that will used; the default value (-1) sets the minimum time step to :math:`3 \\times DX`, max_dom min_time_step_den, 0, when a fractional time step is required\, this is the *min_time_step* denominator, max_dom | | | | Parallel Computing ------------------ The following **&domains** record options are specific to controlling parallel computing. WRF must have been compiled with a non-serial option for these options to be applicable. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ tile_sz_x |br| tile_sz_y, 0, number of points in the x and y directions to determine tile size for OpenMP processing, single entry numtiles, 1, number of tiles per patch for OpenMP processing; this is an alternative option to *tile_sz_x* and *tile_sz_y*, single entry nproc_x |br| nproc_y, -1, number of processors in the x and y directions for decomposition when using MPI processing; default value of *-1* = off - code will use automatic decomposition, single entry | | | | 3D Ocean Model -------------- The following **&domains** record options are specific to using the 3D Ocean Model, and can be applied when *sf_ocean_physics=1 or 2*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ ocean_levels, 30, number of ocean levels to use, single entry ocean_z, " ", the depth (in meters) of each ocean layer in its vertical profile; for e.g.\, if *ocean_levels=30*\, *ocean_z* should have 30 settings; see *WRF/run/README.namelist* for details, max ocean_levels ocean_t, " ", the temperature (in K) for each ocean layer in its vertical profile; for e.g.\, if *ocean_levels=30*\, *ocean_t* should have 30 settings; see *WRF/run/README.namelist* for details, max ocean_levels ocean_s, " ", the salinity for each ocean layer; for e.g.\, if *ocean_levels=30*\, *ocean_s* should have 30 settings; see *WRF/run/README.namelist* for details, max ocean_levels | | | | | &physics ======== To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&physics** namelist record. | Microphysics ------------ `See WRF Physics/Microphysics <./physics.html#microphysics>`_ for details. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :escape: \ mp_physics, " ", microphysics scheme; set all domains to the same value; |br| |br| =0 : no microphysics |br| =1 : Kessler scheme |br| =2 : Purdue Lin scheme |br| =3 : WSM 3-class ice scheme |br| =4 : WSM 5-class scheme |br| =5 : Ferrier (Eta) scheme |br| =6 : WSM 6-class graupel scheme |br| =7 : Goddard 4-ice scheme |br| =8 : Thompson graupel scheme |br| =9 : Milbrandt-Yau 2-moment scheme |br| =10 : Morrison 2-moment |br| =11 : CAM 5.1 5-class |br| =13 : SBU_YLin 5-class |br| =14 : WDM 5-class |br| =15 : High-res Ferrier with advection |br| =16 : WDM 6-class |br| =18 : NSSL 2-moment 4-ice with predicted/unactivated or activated CCN; or "nssl_ccn_on=1"; also sets "ccn_conc" for mp_physics=18; see WRF/doc/README.NSSLmp for details |br| =24 : WSM7; like WSM6\, but with hail |br| =26 : WDM7; like WDM6\, but with hail |br| =28 : aerosol-aware Thompson with water- and ice-friendly aerosol climatology; option to also set climatological aerosol input option "use_aero_icbs" - default is .false.\, (use constant values); set to *.true.* to use input from WPS |br| =30 : HUJI spectral bin\, fast version |br| =38 : Thompson hail/graupel/aerosol |br| =40 : Morrison double-moment with CESM aerosol (must be used with MSKF cumulus scheme) |br| =50 : P3 1-ice category\, 1-moment cloud water |br| =51 : P3 1-ice category\, 2-moment cloud water |br| =52 : P3 2-ice categories\, 2-moment cloud water |br| =53 : P3 1-ice category\, 3-moment ice\, 2-moment cloud water; new since V4.3 |br| =55 : Jensen ISHMAEL; new since V4.1 |br| =56 : NTU multi-moment; new since V4.3, max_dom do_radar_ref, 0, set to *1* to compute radar reflectivity using mp-scheme-specific parameters |br| |br| *works when mp_physics= 2\,4\,6\,7\,8\,10\,14\,16\,24\, or 26*; |br| this option is automatically turned on when *mp_physics=9 or 18*\, and when *nwp_diagnostics=1*, single input mp_zero_out, 0, set to *1* to keep moisture variables :math:`\\geq` 0; alternatively/recommended\, use *moist_adv_opt* to maintain positive moisture variables;" |br| |br| =0 : no change to moisture fields |br| =1 : all moisture arrays (except *Qv*) are set to zero if they fall below *mp_zero_out_thresh* (moist array only) |br| =2 : all moisture arrays (including *Qv*) are set to zero if they fall below *mp_zero_out_thresh* (moist array only), single input mp_zero_out_thresh, 1.e-8, the moisture variable threshold - moisture arrays are set to zero if they fall below this threshold; unit: kg/kg |br| |br| *works when mp_zero_out >0*, single input mp_zero_out_all, 0, set to *1* to reproduce old behavior and to extend the *mp_zero_out_thresh* to scalar\, chem\, and tracer arrays\, in addition to moist arrays |br| |br| *works when mp_zero_out >0*, single entry mp_tend_lim, 10, the limitation (in K/s) of the temperature tendency computed by microphysics latent heating |br| |br| *works when radar data assimilation is ued**, single input ccn_conc, 1.00E+08, the CCN concentration used; when *mp_physics=18* this is automatically set to the *nssl_ccn* value |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=14 or 16*, single input hail_opt, 0, WSM6/WDM6 hail/graupel switch; |br| |br| =0 : graupel |br| =1 : hail |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=6 or 16*, single input morr_rimed_ice, 1, Morrison hail/graupel switch; |br| |br| =0 : graupel |br| =1 : hail |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=10 or 40*, single input clean_atm_diag, 0, set to *1* to turn on clean sky diagnostics |br| |br| *works when using code compiled for WRF-chem*, single input acc_phy_tend, 0, set to *1* to output 16 accumulated physics tendencies for potential temperature\, water vapor mixing ratio\, and u/v wind components |br| |br| *works in WRFv4.4+*, max_dom progn, 0, set to *1* to use a mix-activate scheme (*see WRF/phys/module_mixactivate.F*) |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=10\,14\,16\, or 18*, max_dom no_mp_heating, 0, set to *1* to turn off microphysics latent heating, single entry use_mp_re, 1, option to use effective radii computed in the microphysics scheme |br| |br| *works when ra_lw/sw_physics=4 and when mp_physics=3\,4\,6\,7\,8\,10\,14\,16\,18\,24\,26\,28\,50-53\, or 55*, single entry dust_emis, 0, set to *1* to use a surface dust emission scheme and add an ice-friendly aerosol variable (QNIFA) - *see WRF/phys/module_dust_emis.F* |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=28*, single entry erosion_dim, 3, set to *3* to include erodibility details; note that option 3 is the only available option |br| |br| *works when dust_emis=1*, single entry write_thompson_mp38table, .false., set to *.true.* to have the *qr_acr_qg_mp38V1.dat* file computed instead of using an existing version |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=28*, single entry gsfcgce_hail, 0, Goddard graupel/hail switch; |br| |br| =0 : graupel |br| =1 : hail |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=7*, single input gsfcgce_2ice, 0, determines which frozen water particles are calculated by the Goddard microphysics scheme; |br| |br| =0 : snow\, ice\, and graupel/hail |br| =1 : only ice and snow |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=7*, single input nssl_cccn, 0.5e9, the NSSL global base CCN concentration (#/m^3 at sea level pressure) |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=18*, single entry nssl_ccn_on, -1, set to *1* to use NSSL CCN |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=18*, single entry | | | NSSL 1-moment scheme ++++++++++++++++++++ The following **&physics** record settings are for the NSSL 1-moment microphysics scheme. Shape parameters can also be set for 1- and 2-moment schemes. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ nssl_alphah, 0, shape parameter for graupel, max_dom nssl_alphahl, 1, shape parameter for hail, max_dom nssl_cnoh, 4.e5, graupel intercept, max_dom nssl_cnohl, 4.e4, hail intercept, max_dom nssl_cnor, 8.e5, rain intercept, max_dom nssl_cnos, 3.e6, snow intercept, max_dom nssl_rho_qh, 500, graupel density, max_dom nssl_rho_ghl, 900, hail density, max_dom nssl_rho_qs, 100, snow density, max_dom | | | Morrison-CESM Microphysics ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The following **&physics** record options are specific to the Morrison+CESM microphysics scheme, and can be applied when *mp_physics=40*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ aercu_opt, 0, option to control aerosol interaction; |br| |br| =0 : no aerosol interaction |br| =1 : aerosol interaction with only MSKF cumulus parameterization |br| =2 : aerosol interaction with both MSKF cumulus parameterization and Morrison microphysics |br| |br| *works when cu_physics=11 and when the* `CESM_RCP4.5_Aerosol_Data.dat `_ file is available - once downloaded and unpacked\, link or copy either of the two files to *CESM_RCP4.5_Aerosol_Data.dat* in the running directory prior to running wrf.exe, single entry aercu_fct, 1.0, the factor by which to multiply the aerosol amount, single entry no_src_types_cu, 1, an automatically-set number of aerosol species available in the global aerosol data being used (e.g.\, *=10* for CESM input), single entry alevsiz_cu, 1, an automatically-set number of levels available in the global aerosol data being used (e.g.\, *=30* for CESM input), single entry | | | | Radiation Physics ----------------- The following options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. `See Physics/Radiation <./physics.html#radiation>`_ for details. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ ra_lw_physics, -1, longwave radiation scheme; set all domains to the same value; |br| |br| =0 : no longwave radiation |br| =1 : RRTM |br| =3 : CAM; restarts must use 6-hourly intervals; *works when using levsiz*\, *paerlev*\, and *cam_abs_dim1/2 namelist options* |br| =4 : RRTMG |br| =5 : Goddard; updated in V4.1 |br| =7 : FLG (UCLA) |br| =14 : RRTMG-K; *works when WRF is configured/compiled* with *-DBUILD_RRTMK = 1* (set in *configure.wrf*) |br| =24 : fast RRTMG for GPU and MIC |br| =31 : Earth Held-Suarez forcing |br| =99 : GFDL (Eta); semi-supported; *works when co2tf=1*, max_dom ra_sw_physics, -1, shortwave radiation scheme; set all domains to the same value; |br| |br| =0 : no shortwave radiation |br| =1 : Dudhia; must use a ptop > 50mb |br| =2 : old Goddard |br| =3 : CAM; restarts must use 6-hourly intervals; *works when using levsiz*\, *paerlev*\, and *cam_abs_dim1/2 namelist options* |br| =4 : RRTMG |br| =5 : Goddard; updated in WRFv4.1 |br| =7 : FLG (UCLA) |br| =14 : RRTMG-K; *works when WRF is configured/compiled* with *-DBUILD_RRTMK = 1* (set in *configure.wrf*) |br| =24 : fast RRTMG for GPU and MIC |br| =31 : Earth Held-Suarez forcing |br| =99 : GFDL (Eta); semi-supported; *works when co2tf=1*, max_dom radt, 0, minutes between radiation physics calls; recommend 1 minute per km of dx (e.g.\, set to 10 for a 10 km grid); set all domains to the same value, max_dom swint_opt, 0, shortwave radiation interpolation option; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : interpolate shortwave radiation based on the updated solar zenith angle between radiation calls |br| =2 : activates `FARMS `_ to simulate the broadband solar radiation model every time step, single entry couple_farms, .false., set to *.true.* to drive the LSM using `FARMS shortwave radiation `_; when *.false.*\, the *ra_sw_physics* scheme is used, single entry ra_call_offset, 0, option to offset the timing for radiation calls; |br| |br| =0 : no offset (radiation is called just after output) |br| = -1 : calls radiation just before output time, single entry co2tf, 1, GFDL CO2 transmission function flag - CO2 function is generated internally |br| |br| *works when ra_lw/sw_physics=99*, single entry cldovrlp, 2, RRTMG cloud overlapping option; |br| |br| =1 : random |br| =2 : maximum random |br| =3 : maximum |br| =4 : exponential |br| =5 : exponential-random |br| |br| *works when ra_lw/sw_physics=4* and with *WRFv4.4+*, single entry idcor, 0, decorrelation length calculation option; |br| |br| =0 : constant decorrelation length 2500 m |br| =1 : latitude-varying decorrelation length |br| |br| *works when cldovrlp=4 or 5 and with WRFv4.4+*, single entry ra_sw_eclipse, 0, set to *1* to use an eclipse effect on shortwave radiation |br| |br| *works when ra_sw_physics=1\,2\,4\, or 5*, single entry ghg_input, 1, option to read-in annual greenhouse gas values from *CAMtr_volume_mixing_ratio* files; |br| |br| =0 : no data read-in - use for backward compatibility in code prior to WRFv4.4\ - uses constant values |br| =1 : read in time-dependent data for CO2\, N2O\, CH4\, CFC11\, and CFC12; default is SSP 2 with RCP 4.5 -> SSP245; |br| |br| *works when ra_lw_physics=1\,2\,4\, or 24 and ra_sw_physics=3\,4\, or 24* and with *WRFv4.4+*, single entry o3input, 2, RRTMG ozone input option; |br| |br| =0 : use the profile from the RRTMG scheme |br| =2 : use CAM ozone data (from the *ozone.formatted*" file found in *WRFrun* or *WRF/test/em_real*) |br| |br| *works when ra_lw/sw_physics=4*, single entry aer_opt, 0, RRTMG aerosol input option; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1: use Tegen (1997) climatology |br| =2 : use J. A. Ruiz-Arias method; see other *aer_\** options |br| =3 : use Thompson water/ice-friendly climatological aerosol |br| |br| *works when ra_lw/sw_physics=4*, single entry alevsiz, 1, number of vertical levels in EC aerosol data; value is set automatically, single entry no_src_types, 1, number of aerosol species in Tegen global aerosol data; organic and black carbon\, sea salt\, sulfate\, dust\, and stratospheric aerosol (volcanic ash - currently 0); value is set automatically, single entry use_rap_aero_icbc, .false., set to *.true.* to read in real-time data containing aerosols |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=28 and with WRFv4.4+*, single entry qna_update, 0, set to *1* to update time-varying surface aerosol emissions from climatology or real-time data |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=28\, and when auxinput17_interval and io_form_auxinput17 are set in namelist.input*; |br| |br| *works with WRFv4.4+* |br| |br| *must use input file wrfqnainp_d0\**, single entry wif_fire_emit, .false., set to *.true.* to include organic and black carbon aerosols from biomass burning |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=28 and with WRFv4.4+*, single entry wif_fire_inj, 1, uses vertical distribution of emissions from biomass burning |br| |br| *works when mp_physics=28 and with WRFv4.4+*, max_dom icloud, 1, option for an optical depth cloud effect during radiation processing\, where the option also determines cloud fraction options; |br| |br| =0 : no cloud effect |br| =1 : Xu-Randall cloud effect; must use cloud fraction option 1 |br| =2 : a 0/1 cloud effect\, based on threshold; must use cloud fraction option 2 |br| =3 : Sundqvist et al.\, 1989 cloud effect; must use cloud fraction option 3 |br| |br| *works when ra_sw/lw_physics=1 or 4*, single entry insert_init_cloud, .false., set to *.true.* to estimate the initial model cloud; cold start only |br| |br| *works when icloud=3*, single entry swrad_scat, 1, determines the amount of skattering; increase for more scattering |br| |br| *works when ra_sw_physics=1*, single entry slope_rad, 0, set to *1* to use slope effects for solar radiation, max_dom topo_shading, 0, set to *1* to use neighboring-point shadow solar radiation effects for shortwave radiation, max_dom shadlen, 25000, max length (in meters) of orographic shadows |br| |br| *works when topo_shading=1*, single entry | | | Aerosol Options +++++++++++++++ The following aerosol options are specific to RRTMG (*ra_lw/sw_physics=4*) and new Goddard (*ra_lw/sw_physics=5*) radiation to recognize the aerosol option setting, but the aerosols are constant during model integration. These options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ aer_aod550_opt, 1, input option for aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm; |br| |br| =1 : input constant value from namelist option *aer_aod550_val* |br| =2 : input value from auxiliary input 15 - a time-varying 2d grid in netCDF format, max_dom aer_aod550_val, 0.12, fixed value for aerosol optical depth at 550 nm |br| |br| *works when aer_aod550_opt=1*, max_dom aer_angexp_opt, 1, input option for aerosol Angstrom exponent; |br| |br| =1 : input constant value from namelist option *aer_angexp_val* |br| =2 : input value from auxiliary input 5 - a time-varying 2d grid in netCDF format |br| =3 : value estimated from the aerosol type defined in *aer_type* and modulated with RH in WRF, max_dom aer_angexp_val, 1.3, fixed value for aerosol Angstrom exponent |br| |br| *works when aer_angexp_opt=1*, max_dom aer_ssa_opt, 1, input option for aerosol single scattering albedo; |br| |br| =1 : input constant value from namelist option *aer_ssa_val* |br| =2 : input value from auxiliary input 5 - a time-varying 2d grid in netCDF format |br| =3 : value estimated from the aerosol type defined in *aer_type* and modulated with RH in WRF, max_dom aer_ssa_val, 0.85, fixed value for aerosol single scattering albedo |br| |br| *works when aer_ssa_opt=1*, max_dom aer_asy_opt, 1, input option for the aerosol asymmetry parameter; |br| |br| =1 : input constant value from namelist option *aer_asy_val* |br| =2 : input value from auxiliary input 5 - a time-varying 2d grid in netCDF format |br| =3 : value estimated from the aerosol type defined in *aer_type* and modulated with RH in WRF, max_dom aer_asy_val, 0.90, fixed value for the aerosol asymmetry parameter |br| |br| *works when aer_asy_opt=1*, max_dom aer_type, 1, aerosol type for the above *aer\** options; |br| |br| =1 : rural |br| =2 : urban |br| =3 : maritime, max_dom | | | CAM Radiation +++++++++++++ The following CAM radiation options are automatically set by default, but for modifications, they should be set in the **&physics** namelist record. These options are applied when *ra_lw/sw_physics=3*. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ cam_abs_freq_s, 21600, the frequency (in seconds) at which clear sky longwave absorption is calculated; 21600 is the recommend minimum to speed-up CAM processing, single entry levsiz, 1, the number of ozone data levels, single entry paerlev, 1, the numer of aerosol data levels, single entry cam_abs_dim1, 1, the dimension for the absorption save array (*absnxt*) variable found in the CAM code (see *WRF/phys/module_ra_cam.F*), single entry cam_abs_dim2, 1, the dimension for the 2nd absorption save array (*abstot*) variable found in the CAM code (see *WRF/phys/module_ra_cam.F*), single entry | | | | Surface Physics --------------- `See WRF Physics/Surface Physics <./physics.html#surface-physics>`_. for details. These options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ sf_sfclay_physics, " ", surface layer physics scheme; set all domains to the same value; |br| |br| =0 : no surface layer physics |br| =1 : revised MM5 Monin-Obukhov |br| =2 : Monin-Obukhov (Janjic Eta Similarity) |br| =4 : QNSE |br| =5 : MYNN |br| =7 : Pleim-Xiu; works with *sf_surface_physics=7* and *bl_pbl_physics=7* |br| =10 : TEMF |br| =91 : old MM5, max_dom iz0tlnd, 0, the method for determining land thermal roughness length; |br| |br| =0 : non-vegetation-dependent thermal roughness length over land |br| =1 : vegetation dependent (`see Chen and Zhang\, 2009 `_), single entry sf_surface_physics, " ", land surface scheme option; note this setting is used during real.exe processing; set all domains to the same value; |br| |br| =0 : no surface temperature prediction |br| =1 : 5-layer thermal diffusion (SLAB) |br| =2 : unified Noah |br| =3 : RUC |br| =4 : NoahMP; see additional :ref:`&noah_mp` options |br| =5 : CLM4 |br| =7 : Pleim-Xiu; *works when sf_sfclay_physics=7 and bl_pbl_physics=7* |br| =8 : SSiB; *works when ra_lw/sw_physics=1\,3\, or 4*, max_dom sf_urban_physics, 0, activates and determines the urban canopy model scheme; set all domains to the same value; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : single-layer\, UCM |br| =2 : multi-layer\, building environment parameterization (BEP); works with *bl_pbl_physics=1\,2\, or 8* |br| =3 : multi-layer\, building environment model (BEM); works with *bl_pbl_physics=1\,2\, or 8* |br| |br| *works when sf_surface_physics=2*, max_dom use_wudapt_lcz, 0, set to *1* to use WUDAPT LCZ urban landuse categories (31-41) - `instructions for creating LCZ data `_; when set to *0*\, the traditional (31-33) urban categories are used, single entry slucm_distributed_drag, .false., set to *.true.* to use spatially-varying 2D urban zero-plane displacement\, roughness length for momentum\, and frontal area index (`see additional details and requirements <./physics.html#urban-effects>`_) |br| |br| *works when urban_physics=1* |br| *does not work when use_wudapt_lcz=1*, single entry distributed_ahe_opt, 0, method used for anthropogenic surface heat flux (`see additional details and requirements <./physics.html#urban-effects>`_); |br| |br| =0 : do not use anthropogenic surface heat flux from the input data |br| =1 : add to the first level temperature tendency |br| =2 : add to surface sensible heat flux, single entry ua_phys, .false., set to *.true.* to activate UA Noah LSM changes for an alternate snow-cover that is aimed to improve treatment of snow as it relates to the vegetation canopy; also uses different VEGPARM.TBL columns, single entry num_soil_layers, 5, the number of soil layers available in land surface model used; this option is read by real.exe; |br| |br| =2 : Pleim-Xiu |br| =3 : SSiB |br| =4 : Noah |br| =5 : thermal diffusion scheme for temperature only |br| =6 or =9 : RUC |br| =10 : CLM4, single entry ideal_xland, 1, determines whether land mask (*XLAND*) is set to land (*=1*) or water (*=2*) for idealized cases with no input land-use run-time switch during wrf.exe physics initialization; |br| |br| =1 : land |br| =2 : water, single entry ifsnow, 1, turns on SLAB snow-cover effects (set to *0* to turn off) |br| |br| *works when sf_surface_physics=1*, single entry surface_input_source, 3, the source from which landuse and soil category originate; |br| |br| =1 : WPS/geogrid\, but with dominant categories recomputed in real |br| =2 : GRIB data from another model; only if *VEGCAT/SOILCAT* exist |br| =3 : use dominant land and soil categories from WPS/geogrid, single entry pxlsm_smois_init, 1, Pleim-Xiu LSM soil moisture initialization method; |br| |br| =0 : from analysis |br| =1 : from moisture availability (*SLMO* in the *LANDUSE.TBL*) |br| |br| *works when sf_surface_physics=7*, max_dom num_land_cat, 21, the number of land categories from geographical input data; |br| |br| =20 : MODIS |br| =21 : MODIS with lake category included (default in WPS) |br| =24 : USGS |br| =28 : USGS with lake category included |br| =40 : NLCD2006 - North America only, single entry num_soil_cat, 16, number of soil categories available from the input data, single entry usemonalb, .false., set to *.true.* to use a 2D climatological monthly albedo map instead of table values (.TBL files in *WRF/test/em_real*)\, which is recommended when *sst_update=1*, single entry rdmaxalb, .true., determines source for snow albedo; |br| |br| =.true. : from geogrid |br| =.false. : from table values (.TBL files in *WRF/test/em_real*), single entry rdlai2d, .false., set to *.true.* to use leaf area index (LAI) from input data\, instead of from table values (.TBL files in *WRF/test/em_real*); when *sst_udpate=1*\, LAI is included in the real.exe-generated *wrflowinp_d0\** file, single entry sst_update, 0, set to *1* to turn on time-varying sea-surface temperature\, seaice\, vegetation fraction\, and albedo; set before running real.exe; real.exe creates *wrflowinp_d0\** file(s) that include SST\, XICE\, ALBEDO\, and VEGFRA\ - during wrf.exe these are updated at the same interval as the *wrfbdy_d01* file |br| |br| works when *auxinput4_interval*\, *auxinput4_end_h*\, *io_form_auxinput4*\, and *auxinput4_inname="wrflowinp_d"* are set in the *&time_control* namelist record*, single entry tmn_update, 0, set to *1* to update deep layer soil temperature; useful for long (multi-year) simulations, single entry lagday, 150, number of days over which TMN (deep layer soil temperature) is computed using skin temperature, single entry sst_skin, 0, set to *1* to calculate skin SST; useful for long (multi-year) simulations, single entry shalwater_z0, 0, set to *1* to turn on a shallow water roughness scheme |br| |br| *works when sf_sfclay_physics=1 and when* `required bathymetry data `_ *has been computed in WPS* |br| *works with WRFv4.4+*, max_dom shalwater_depth, -1.0, option to set constant depth (in meters) when *shalwater_z0=1* and no bathymetry data is available; intended for depths between 10.0 and 100.0 m; depths outside this range are rounded to the nearest limit value |br| |br| *works with WRFv4.4+*, single entry | | | Surface Irrigation Parameterization +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The following options are specific to surface irrigation parameteriation and are only applicable when *sf_surf_irr_scheme>0* and in *WRFv4.2+*. These options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ sf_surf_irr_scheme, 0, surface irrigation scheme option; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : surface evapotranspiration; *works when sf_surface_physics=2* |br| =2 : leaves/canopy interception and surface evapotranspiration |br| =3 : microphysics process\, leaves/canopy interception and surface evapotranspiration, max_dom irr_daily_amount, 0, the amount per day (mm/day) of irrigation water applied, max_dom irr_start_hour, 0, the UTC start hour for irrigation, max_dom irr_num_hours, 0, the total number of hours to apply irrigation, max_dom irr_start_julianday, 0, the Julian day to start irrigation (this start time is included in the total time), max_dom irr_end_julianday, 0, the Julian day to end irrigation (this end time is not included in the total time), max_dom irr_freq, 1, irrigation frequency (in days), max_dom irr_ph, 0, irrigation phase; |br| |br| =0 : in phase |br| =1 : not in phase, max_dom | | | | Planetary Boundary Layer Physics -------------------------------- `See WRF Physics/PBL <./physics.html#planetary-boundary-layer-physics>`_ for details. These options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ bl_pbl_physics, " ", boundary layer physics scheme; set all domains to the same value (except when running an LES simulation); |br| |br| =0 : no boundary layer |br| =1 : YSU; *works when sf_sfclay_physics=1* |br| =2 : MYJ (Eta) TKE; *works when sf_sfclay_physics=2* |br| =4 : QNSE-EDMF; *works when sf_sfclay_physics=4* |br| =5 : MYNN 2.5 level TKE; *works when sf_sfclay_physics=1\,2\, or 5* |br| =6 : MYNN 3rd level TKE; *works when sf_sfclay_physics=5* |br| =7 : ACM2 (Pleim); *works when sf_sfclay_physics=1 or 7* |br| =8 : BouLac TKE; *works when sf_sfclay_physics=1 or 2* |br| =9 : Bretherton-Park/UW TKE; *works when sf_sfclay_physics=1 or 2* |br| =10 : TEMF; *works when sf_sfclay_physics=10* |br| =11 : Shin-Hong "scale-aware" |br| =12 : GBM TKE; *works when sf_sfclay_physics=1* |br| =16 : EEPS; *works when sf_sfclay_physics=1\,5\, or 91* |br| =17 : KEPS |br| =99 : MRF, max_dom mfshconv, 1, turns on the QNSE mass flux scheme; set to *0* to turn off, max_dom bldt, 0, minutes between boundary-layer physics calls & processing; *0* (call every time step) is recommended; set all domains to the same value, max_dom topo_wind, 0, YSU topographic surface wind correction option; these options work when *bl_pbl_physics=1* |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : Jimenez method; requires extra input from geogrid; |br| =2 : UW method, single entry tke_budget, 0, set to *1* to add MYNN TKE budget terms to output |br| |br| *works when bl_pbl_physics=5* |br| *works with WRFv4.5+*; *use bl_mynn_tkebudget in WRF versions < v4.5*, max_dom bl_mynn_tkeadvect, .false., set to *.true.* to use MYNN TKE advection to couple subgrid-scale clouds from the MYNN PBL scheme\, to the longwave and shortwave radiation schemes |br| |br| *works when bl_pbl_physics=5*, max_dom bl_mynn_cloudmix, 1, turns on MYNN cloud water (*qc*) and cloud ice (*qi*) mixing; cloud water droplet number (*qnd*) and cloud ice number concentation (*qni*) are mixed when *scalar_pblmix=1* |br| |br| *works when bl_pbl_physics=5*, max_dom bl_mynn_mixlength, 1, option to change the MYNN mixing length calculation; |br| |br| =0 : original; as in `Nakanishi and Niino\, 2009 `_ |br| =1 : RAP/HRRR; including BouLac in free atmosphere |br| =2 : experimental; includes cloud-specific mixing length and a scale-aware mixing length; following `Ito et al.\, 2015 `_\, BLM; this option is well-tested with EDMF options |br| |br| *works when bl_pbl_physics=5*, single entry bl_mynn_cloudpdf, 2, MYNN option to use alternate cloud PDFs to represent subgrid clouds; |br| |br| =0 : original; `Sommeria and Deardorff\, 1977 `_ |br| =1 : `Kuwano et al.\, 2010 `_; similar to option 0\, but uses resolved scale gradients\, as opposed to higher order moments |br| =2 : `Chaboureau and Bechtold\, 2002 `_\, with mods |br| |br| *works when bl_pbl_physics=5*, single entry bl_mynn_edmf, 1, option to activate the MYNN mass-flux scheme; |br| |br| =0 : regular MYNN |br| =1 : for StEM |br| =2 : for TEMF |br| |br| *works when bl_pbl_physics=5*, max_dom bl_mynn_edmf_mom, 1, activates MYNN momentum transport (set to *0* to turn off) |br| |br| *works when bl_pbl_physics=5 and bl_mynn_edmf>0*, max_dom bl_mynn_edmf_tke, 0, set to *1* to activate MYNN TKE transport |br| |br| *works when bl_pbl_physics=5 and bl_mynn_edmf>0*, max_dom scalar_pblmix, 0, set to *1* to mix 4d scalar variables to be consistent with the PBL option (*exch_h*), max_dom tracer_pblmix, 1, mixes tracer fields to be consistent with the PBL option (*exch_h*); set to *0* to turn off, max_dom shinhong_tke_diag, 1, activates Shin-Hong PBL diagnostic TKE and mixing length |br| |br| *works when bl_pbl_physics=11*, max_dom opt_thcnd, 1, how Noah LSM thermal conductivity is handled; |br| |br| =1 : original |br| =2 : McCumber and Pielke for silt loam and sandy loam |br| |br| *works when sf_surface_physics=2*, single entry sf_surface_mosaic, 0, set to *1* to use Noah LSM mosaic landuse subtiling |br| |br| *works when sf_surface_physics=2*, single entry mosaic_cat, 3, number of mosaic landuse categories in a grid cell when *sf_surface_mosaic=1*, single entry mosaic_lu, 0, set to *1* to specify landuse parameters based on a mosaic approach |br| |br| *works whensf_surface_physics=3*, single entry mosaic_soil, 0, set to *1* to specify soil parameters based on a mosaic approach |br| |br| *works whensf_surface_physics=3*, single entry grav_settling, 0, gravitational settling of fog/cloud droplets; |br| |br| =0 : no settling |br| =1 : `Dyunkerke\, 1991 `_ atmospheric and surface settling |br| =2 : use Fogdes vegetation and wind speed dependent (`Katata et al.\, 2008 `_) at the surface\, and `Dyunkerke `_ for the atmosphere, max_dom ysu_topdown_pblmix, 1, turns on top-down radiation-driven mixing, single entry isfflx, 1, when *bl_pbl_physics >0*\, this determines whether surface heat and moisture fluxes are used; |br| |br| =0 : fluxes not used |br| =1 : fluxes used |br| |br| when *bl_pbl_physics=0*\, *diff_opt=2*\, and *km_opt=3*\, this determines how surface fluxes are calculated |br| =0 : constant fluxes defined by namelist options *tke_drag_coefficient* and *tke_heat_flux* |br| =1 : uses heat and moisture fluxes\, along with model-computed *u\** |br| =2 : uses model-computed *u\**\, along with heat flux specified by namelist option *tke_heat_flux* |br| |br| |br| *works for real-data cases when sf_sfclay_physics=1\,5\,7\, or 11*, single entry | | | | Cumulus Parameterization ------------------------ `See WRF Physics/Cumulus Parameterization <./physics.html#cumulus-parameterization>`_ for details. These options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ cu_physics, " ", cumulus parameterication scheme; set all domains to the same value\, unless turning cumulus parameterization off for some domains; |br| |br| =0: no cumulus |br| =1 : Kain-Fritsch (new Eta) |br| =2 : BMJ |br| =3 : Grell-Freitas ensemble |br| =4 : Scale-aware GFS SAS |br| =5 : Grell-3 |br| =6 : Tiedtke |br| =7 : CESM's Zhang-McFarlane; *works when bl_pbl_physics=2 or 9* |br| =10 : KF-CuP; modified Kain-Fritsch with trigger function based on PDFs |br| =11 : Multi-scale Kain-Fritsch (with momentum transport in WRFv4.2+) |br| =14 : Scale-aware SAS; *works when shcu_physics=4* |br| =16 : Newer Tiedtke |br| =93 : Grell-Devenyi ensemble |br| =96 : GFS SAS from YSU (previously option 14) |br| =99 : old Kain-Fritsch, max_dom bmj_rad_feedback, .false., set to *.true.* to use the BMJ radiative cloud effect - a convective precipitation-derived sub-grid cloud effect |br| |br| *works with WRFv4.2+*, max_dom cudt, 0, minutes between cumulus physics calls and processing; *=0* (call every time step) is recommended with all *cu_physics* options except Kain-Fritsch (*cu_physics=1\,10\,11\, or 99*); set all domains to the same value, max_dom kfeta_trigger, 1, Kain-Fritsch option that determine whether a grid point is convective; |br| |br| =1 : original |br| =2 : moisture-advection-based trigger (`Ma and Tan\, 2009 `_) |br| =3 : relative humidity-dependent |br| |br| *works when cu_physics=1*, single entry ishallow, 0, set to *1* to turn on shallow convection; |br| |br| *works when cu_physics=3 or 5*, single entry cu_diag, 0, set to *1* to compute time-averaged surface rainfall and cloud water/ice |br| |br| *works when WRF is built for use with WRF-Chem and when cu_physics=3\,5\, or 93*, max_dom shcu_physics, 0, shallow cumulus scheme\, independent of deep convection from *cu_physics*; |br| |br| =0 : no independent shallow cumulus |br| =2 : Park and Bretherton\, from CAM5 |br| =3 : GRIMS |br| 5 : Deng; *works when bl_pbl_physics=2\,5\, or 6 and with WRFv4.1+*, max_dom cugd_avedx, 1, number of grid boxes over which subsidence is spread; |br| |br| =1 : for large grid distances (low resolution) |br| =3 : for small grid distances (*DX < 5km*) |br| |br| *works when cu_physics=5*, single entry nsas_dx_factor, 0, set to *1* to use the NSAS grid-distance-dependent option, single entry kf_edrates, 0, set to *1* to output entrainment/detrainment rates and convective timescale output variables for KF-based cumulus schemes |br| |br| *works when cu_physics=1\,11\, or 99*, max_dom convtrans_avglen_m, 30, averaging time (in mins) for convective transport output variables |br| |br| *works when cu_physics=3\,5\, or 93*, single entry cu_rad_feedback, .false., set to *.true.* to have the cumulus/sub-grid cloud effect fed back to the radiation scheme's optical depth |br| |br| *works when cu_physics=1\,3\,5\,10\,11\,93\, or 99* |br| when *cu_physics=3\,5\, or 93*\, then *cu_diag=1* must also be set, max_dom | | The following options related to cumulus parameterization show recommended values. Consult the code to use other values. These options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ maxiens, 1, *works when cu_physics=3\,5\,93*, single entry maxens, 3, *works when cu_physics=3\,5\,93*, single entry maxens2, 3, *works when cu_physics=3\,5\,93*, single entry maxens3, 16, *works when cu_physics=3\,5\,93*, single entry ensdim, 144, *works when cu_physics=3\,5\,93*, single entry | | | KF-CuP Cumulus Parameterization +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The following options are specific to the KF-CuP cumulus parameterization scheme (*cu_physics=10*). These options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. .. note:: These options are recommended to be used with *cu_rad_feedback=.true.* | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ shallowcu_forced_ra, .false., set to *.true.* to force a radiative impact of shallow cumulus by a max cloud fraction of 0.36, max_dom numbins, 1, the number of potential temperature and mixing ratio bins/perturbations used in the CuP PDF; set to an odd number - the recommended value is 21, max_dom thBinSize, 1, the size of PDF theta (potential temperature perturbation increment - *0.01 K*) bins, max_dom minDeepFreq, 1, minimum frequency required before deep convection is allowed (0.333), max_dom minShallowFreq, 1, minimum frequency required before shallow convection is allowed (1.0e-2), max_dom shcu_aerosols_opt, 0, set to *2* to include aerosols in the shallow cumulus scheme |br| |br| *works when WRF is compiled with WRF-Chem capability*, max_dom | | | | Ocean Model Physics ------------------- The following options are specific to ocean model physics and are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ sf_ocean_physics, 0, option to use an ocean model physics scheme; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : simple ocean mixed layer (OML) model |br| =2 : 3D Price-Weller-Pinkel (PWP) ocean model, single entry oml_hml0, 50, the OML initial mixed layer depth; |br| |br| =0 : from climatology |br| >0 : constant everywhere (in meters) |br| <0 : use input from the ocean model |br| |br| *works when sf_ocean_physics=1*, single entry oml_gamma, 0.14, OML deep water (below the mixed layer) lapse rate (:math:`\\frac {K}{m}`) |br| |br| *works when sf_ocean_physics=1*, single entry oml_relaxation_time, 0, OML relaxation time (in seconds) back to original values; e.g.\, a setting of 259200 seconds = 3 days |br| |br| *works when sf_ocean_physics=1*, single entry omdt, 1, the PWP ocean model time step (in mins); can be the same as the WRF time step (*time_step*)\, but should be :math:`\\geq` 1.0 minute |br| |br| *works when sf_ocean_physics=2*, single entry ocean_levels, 30, PWP number of vertical levels |br| |br| *works when sf_ocean_physics=2*, single entry | | | | Seaice ------ The following options are specific to seaice. These options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ seaice_threshold, 100, in grids where skin temperature (*TSK\, in K*)) is < this value\, water points are changed to sea ice; |br| |br| a) if *sf_surface_physics=1*\, those water points are changed to land points with permanent ice |br| b) if *sf_surface_physics=2*\, those water points are changed to land points with permanent ice\, and 2m temperature values are used for surface temperature; soil moisture (*smois*) and soil liquid water (*sh2o*) are also applied |br| |br| *works when sf_surface_physics=1\,2\,3\,4\, or 8*, single entry fractional_seaice, 0, set to *1* to treat seaice as a fractional field when using fractional seaice data input (`see details `_) |br| |br| *works when sf_sfclay_physics=1\,2\,3\,4\,5\,7\, or 91* and when *seaice_threshold=0*, single entry seaice_albedo_opt, 0, determines how albedo is calculated over sea ice; |br| |br| =0 : a constant value from namelist option *seaice_albedo_default* |br| =1 : a function of air temperature\, skin temperature\, and snow |br| =2 : uses seaice albedo input variable (*ALBSI*), single entry seaice_albedo_default, 0.65, seaice albedo value used when *seaice_albedo_opt=0*, single entry seaice_snowdepth_opt, 0, method for calculating snow depth (SNOWH) on seaice; |br| |br| =0 : bounded by *seaice_snowdepth_min* and *seaice_snowdepth_max* namelist settings; |br| |br| =1 : uses seaice snow depth input variable (*SNOWSI*)\, and is bounded by *seaice_snowdepth_min* and *seaice_snowdepth_max* namelist settings, single entry seaice_snowdepth_min, 0.001, minimum snow depth (in meters) on sea ice used for the terms specified for *seaice_snowdepth_opt* above, single entry seaice_snowdepth_max, 1.e10, maximum allowed snow depth (in meters) on sea ice used for the terms specified for *seaice_snowdepth_opt* above, single entry seaice_thickness_opt, 0, method for calculating seaice thickness; |br| |br| =0 : uniform value taken from namelist option *seaice_thickness_default* |br| =1 : uses seaice thickness input variable (*ICEDEPTH*), single entry seaice_thickness_default, 3.0, seaice thickness value used when *seaice_thickness_opt=0*, single entry | | | | Lake Model ---------- The following options are specific to the lake model (*sf_lake_physics=1*) and are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ sf_lake_physics, 0, set to *1* to turn on the lake model, max_dom | .. note:: The following options work when *sf_lake_physics=1*. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ lakedepth_default, 50, lake depth (in meters); 50 m is the depth used when no lake depth data is included in the input data; otherwise\, set according to input data, max_dom lake_min_elev, 5, minimum elevation of lakes; if the geographical static input do not include a lake category\, this is used to determine whether a water point is should be set to a lake point, max_dom use_lakedepth, 1, option to use lake depth data generated by the geogrid program; set to *0* to turn off, max_dom | | | | Lightning Parameterization -------------------------- The following options are specific to lightning parameterization (when *lightning_option* :math:`\geq` 1) These options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ lightning_option, 0, lightning parameterization for predicting flash rate without chemistry; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : PR92\, based on maximum vertical motion (*w*) |br| =2 : PR92\, based on a *20 dBZ* top - when *dBZ > 20* flashes are redistributed (in convection-resolved simulations) |br| =3 : uses the `Yair et al.\, 2010 `_ method to predict the potential for lightning activity |br| =11 : PR92\, based on neutral buoyancy derived from the convective parameterization scheme; intended for grid resolution *10 < dx < 50km* |br| |br| *works when do_radar_ref=1*, max_dom lightning_dt, 0, time interval (in seconds) for how often lightning parameterization is called/processed; if left as *=0*\, the standard *time_step* namelist setting is used, max_dom lightning_start_seconds, 0, the number of seconds from the simulation start time\, until lightning parameterization is first processed; *recommended to allow a model spin-up for at least 10 minutes*, max_dom flashrate_factor, 1.0, factor used to adjust the predicted number of flashes; recommended values: |br| |br| a) when *lightning_option=11* and :math:`10000 \\leq dx \\geq 50000` |br| b) when *lightning_option=1\,2\, or 3*\, manual tuning is used, max_dom cellcount_method, 0, method used to count storm cells; |br| |br| =0 : model-determined method |br| =1 : tile-wide; appropriate for large domains |br| =2 : domain-wide; appropriate for single storm domains |br| |br| *works when lightning_option=1 or 2*, max_dom cldtop_adjustment, 0, cloud top adjustment from LNB (in km); recommended setting is *=2* (2 km) |br| |br| *works when lightning_option=11*, max_dom iccg_method, 0, intra-cloud (IC) : cloud-to-ground (CG) partitioning method; |br| |br| =0 : if set to *0*\, this is automatically set to *2* (below) |br| =1 : constant everywhere; *works when *iccg_prescribed_num* and *iccg_prescribed_den* namelist variables are set; all CG |br| =2 : coarsely-prescribed 1995-1999 NLDN/OTD climatology\, based on `Boccippio et al.\, 2001 `_ |br| =3 : `Price and Rind\, 1993 `_ method based on cold-cloud depth |br| =4 : monthly mapped ratios are calculated using *iccg_in_num* and *iccg_in_den* from the *wrfinput_d0\** file; for points with 0/0 values\, the ratio is defined by *iccg_prescribed_num* and *iccg_prescribed_den* namelist settings, max_dom iccg_prescribed_num, 0.0, numerator of the user-specified prescribed IC:CG, max_dom iccg_prescribed_den, 1.0, denominator of the user-specified prescribed IC:CG, max_dom | | | | Wind Turbine Drag Parameterization ---------------------------------- The following options are specific to the wind turbine drag parameterization (when *windfarm_opt* :math:`\geq` 1). These options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ windfarm_opt, 0, wind turbine drag parameterization; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : activates `Fitch et al.\, 2012 `_ wind farm parameterization and simulates the effects of wind turbines in atmospheric evolution |br| =2 : Activates the `Ma et al.\, 2022 `_ wind farm scheme\, which is similar to option 1\, but it also considers subgrid-scale wind turbine wake effects; *works in combination with windfarm_wake_model and windfarm_overlap_method\, as well as with a file "windturbines-ll.txt"*, max_dom windfarm_ij, 0, the type of wind turbine location coordinate used; |br| |br| =0 : turbine coordinates are defined in terms of lat-lon |br| =1 : turbine coordinates are defined in terms of grid points (i\,j) |br| =2 : turbine coordinates are defined in terms of lat-lon in a user-created file named *windturbines-ll.txt*; *works when windfarm_wake_model=2*, single entry windfarm_wake_model, 2, subgrid-scale wind turbine wake model; |br| |br| =1 : Jensen model |br| =2 : XA model |br| =3 : GM model (*windfarm_method* not used) |br| =4 : Jensen and XA ensemble |br| =5 : Jensen\, XA\, and GM ensemble |br| |br| *works when windfarm_opt=2*, max_dom windfarm_overlap_method, 4, wake superposition method for the Jensen and XA wind turbine wake model (*windfarm_wake_model=4*); *works when windfarm_opt=2* |br| |br| =1 : linear superposition |br| =2 : squared superposition |br| =3 : modified squared superposition |br| =4 : superposition of the hub-height wind speed (`Ma et al.\, 2022 `_), max_dom windfarm_deg, 0, the wind farm layout's degree of rotation |br| |br| *works windfarm_opt=2 and windfarm_ij=1*, max_dom | | | | Hailcasting ----------- The following options are specific to hailcasting (when *hailcast_opt=1*), and are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ hailcast_opt, 0, set to *1* to turn on hailcasting, max_dom haildt, 0, seconds between *WRF-HAILCAST* call(s) |br| |br| *works when hailcast_opt=1*, max_dom | | | | Miscellaneous Physics Options ----------------------------- These options are set in the **&physics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ bucket_mm, -1, for accumulating water variables\, this is the bucket capacity (in mm) before it is emptied and accumulation starts over; setting this may prevent significant digit computation issues when performing averaging on these variables; useful for long (months - multi-year) simulations; default value *-1* means this option is not activated; (`details `_), single entry bucket_j, -1, for accumulating energy variables\, this is the bucket capacity (in Joules) before it is emptied and accumulation starts over; setting this may prevent significant digit computation issues when performing averaging on these variables; useful for long (months - multi-year) simulations; default value *-1* means this option is not activated; (`details `_), single entry isftcflx, 0, option to use alternative (to the default) calculations for *Ck* (exchange coefficient for temperature and moisture) and *Cd* (drag coefficient for momentum) with tropical storm application; |br| |br| =0 : *Ck* is off |br| =1 : Donelan *Cd* + constant *Z0q* for *Ck* |br| =2 : Donelan *Cd* + Garratt *Ck*, single entry traj_opt, 0, set to *1* to activate forward trajectories\, calculated as in Lee and Chen\, 2013 single entry num_traj, 1000, the number of trajectories released when *traj_opt=1*, single entry | | | | | &stoch ====== The options in this section are set in the **&stoch** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ nens, 1, a seed for a random number stream; the seed is a function of the initial start time\, ensuring different random number streams are generated when forecasts start at different times; changing this seed changes the random number streams for all activated stochastic parameterization schemes; the setting should be different for each member for ensemble forecasts, single entry | | | | Stochastic Kinetic-energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEBS) ---------------------------------------------------- The following options are specific to the Stochastic Kinetic-energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEBS), and work when *skebs=1*. These options are set in the **&stoch** namelist record. | .. seealso:: `See details about the SKEBS option `_ | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ skebs, 0, set to *1* to turn on the stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS), max_dom tot_backscat_psi, 1.0e\ :sup:`-05`, total backscattered dissipation rate for streamfunction; controls the amplitude of rotational wind perturbations (in m\ :sup:`2`/s\ :sup:`2`), max_dom tot_backscat_t, 1.0e\ :sup:`-06`, total backscattered dissipation rate for potential temperature; controls the amplitude of potential temperature perturbations (in m\ :sup:`2`/s\ :sup:`2`), max_dom ztau_psi, 10800.0, decorrelation time (in seconds) for streamfunction perturbations, single entry ztau_t, 10800.0, decorrelation time (in seconds) for potential temperature perturbations, single entry rexponent_psi, -1.83, spectral slope for streamfunction perturbations; *-1.83* is default for a kinetic-energy forcing spectrum with a slope of -5/3), single entry rexponent_t, -1.83, spectral slope for potential temperature perturbations; *-1.83* is default for a potential energy forcing spectrum with a slope of -1.832), single entry kminforc, 1, minimal forcing wavenumber in longitude for streamfunction (*psi*) perturbations, single entry lminforc, 1, minimal forcing wavenumber in latitude for streamfunction (*psi*) perturbations, single entry kminforct, 1, minimal forcing wavenumber in longitude for potential temperature (*theta*) perturbations, single entry lminforct, 1, minimal forcing wavenumber in latitude for potential temperature (*theta*) perturbations, single entry kmaxforc, 1000000, maximum forcing wavenumber in longitude for streamfunction (*psi*) perturbations; the default is the maximum possible wavenumbers\, determined by the number of gridpoints in longitude, single entry lmaxforc, 1000000, maximum forcing wavenumber in latitude for streamfunction (*psi*) perturbations; the default is the maximum possible wavenumbers\, determined by the number of gridpoints in latitude, single entry kmaxforct, 1000000, maximum forcing wavenumber in longitude for potential temperature (*theta*) perturbations; the default is the maximum possible wavenumbers\, determined by the number of gridpoints in longitude, single entry lmaxforct, 1000000, maximum forcing wavenumber in latitude for potential temperature (*theta*) perturbations; the default is the maximum possible wavenumbers\, determined by the number of gridpoints in latitude, single entry zsigma2_eps, 0.0833, noise variance in the autoregressive process that defines streamfunction perturbations, single entry zsigma2_eta, 0.0833, noise variance in the autoregressive process that defines potential temperature perturbations, single entry skebs_vertstruc, 0, defines the vertical structure of the random pattern generator; |br| |br| =0 : constant vertical structure of the random pattern generator |br| =1 : random phase vertical structure with westward tilt, single entry iseed_skebs, 811, seed for the random number stream for skebs; this is combined with seed *nens*\, signifying ensemble member number and initial start time to ensure different random number streams for forecasts starting from different times and for different ensemble members, single entry | | | Stochastic Kinetic-Energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEBS) ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The following options are specific to the Stochastic Kinetic-Energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEBS) used to perturb a forecast, and work when *skebs=1* and *rand_perturb=1*. These options are set in the **&stoch** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ rand_perturb, 0, set to *1* to create a random perturbation field, max_dom lengthscale_rand_pert, 500000, perturbation correlation lengthscale (in meters), max_dom timescale_rand_pert, 21600.0, temporal decorrelation of the random field (in seconds), max_dom gridpt_stddev_rand_pert, 0.03, standard deviation of the random perturbation field at each grid point, max_dom stddev_cutoff_rand_pert, 3.0, cutoff tails of the pdf perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation, max_dom rand_pert_vertstruc, 0, vertical structure type for the random perturbation field; |br| |br| =0 : constant |br| =1 : random phase with tilt, single entry iseed_rand_pert, 17, seed for the random number stream; this is combined with seed *nens*\, signifying ensemble member number and initial time to ensure different random number streams are created for forecasts starting from different times and for different ensemble members, single entry | | | | Stochastically-perturbed Physical Tendencies (SPPT) --------------------------------------------------- The following options are specific to the Stochastically-perturbed Physical Tendencies (SPPT), and work when *sppt=1*. These options are set in the **&stoch** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ sppt, 0, set to *1* to turn on stochastically-perturbed physics tendences (SPPT), max_dom lengthscale_sppt, 150000, random perturbation lengthscale (in meters), max_dom timescale_sppt, 21600, temporal decorrelation of the random field (in seconds), max_dom sppt_vertstruc, 0, SPPT vertical structure type; |br| |br| =0 : constant |br| =1 : random phase, single entry gridpt_stddev_sppt, 0.5, standard deviation of the random perturbation field at each grid point, max_dom stddev_cutoff_sppt, 2.0, cutoff tails of the pdf perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation, max_dom iseed_sppt, 53, seed for the SPPT random number stream; this is combined with parameter *nens*\, signifying ensemble member number and initial time to ensure different random number streams for forecasts starting from different times and for different ensemble members, single entry | | | | Stochastically-perturbed Parameter Scheme (SPP) ----------------------------------------------- The following options are specific to the Stochastically-perturbed Parameter Scheme (SPP), and work when *spp=1*. These options are set in the **&stoch** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ spp, 0, set to *1* to turn on the stochastically-perturbed parameter scheme (SPP) |br| |br| *works when cu_physics=3\, bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6\, and/or sf_surface_physics=3*, max_dom | | .. note:: The following subset of options are specific to Grell Freitas convective parameterization - they work when *spp=1* and *cu_physics=3*. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ spp_conv, 0, set to *1* to turn on perturbation of Grell Freitas (GF) convective parameters, max_dom lengthscale_spp_conv, 150000, perturbation length scale (in meters) for GF convection, max_dom timescale_spp_conv, 21600, temporal decorrelation of the random field (in seconds), max_dom gridpt_stddev_spp_conv, 0.3, standard deviation of the random perturbation field at each grid point, max_dom stddev_cutoff_spp_conv, 3.0, cutoff tails of the pdf perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation, max_dom vertstruc_spp_conv, 1, vertical structure type for random perturbation; |br| |br| =0 : constant |br| =1 : random phase, single entry iseed_spp_conv, 171, seed for the random number stream for *spp_conv*, single entry | | .. note:: The following subset of options are specific to the MYNN PBL scheme - they work when *spp=1* and *bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6*. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ spp_pbl, 0, set to *1* to turn on perturbation of MYNN PBL parameters, max_dom lengthscale_spp_pbl, 700000.0, perturbation length scale (in meters), max_dom timescale_spp_pbl, 21600.0, temporal decorrelation of the random field (in seconds), max_dom gridpt_stddev_spp_pbl, 0.15, standard deviation of the random perturbation field at each grid point, max_dom stddev_cutoff_spp_pbl, 2.0, cutoff tails of the pdf perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation, max_dom vertstruc_spp_pbl, 1, vertical structure type for random perturbation; |br| |br| =0 : constant |br| =1 : random phase, single entry iseed_spp_pbl, 217, seed for the random number stream for *spp_pbl*, single entry | | .. note:: The following subset of options are specific to the RUC LSM scheme - they work when *spp=1* and *sf_surface_physics=3*. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ spp_lsm, 1, Turns on perturbation of RUC LSM parameters, max_dom lengthscale_spp_lsm, 50000, perturbation length scale (in meters), max_dom timescale_spp_lsm, 86400, temporal decorrelation of the random field (in seconds), max_dom gridpt_stddev_spp_lsm, 0.3, standard deviation of the random perturbation field at each grid point, max_dom stddev_cutoff_spp_lsm, 3.0, cutoff tails of the pdf perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation, max_dom vertstruc_spp_lsm, 1, vertical structure type for random perturbation; |br| |br| =0 : constant |br| =1 : random phase, single entry iseed_spp_lsm, 317, seed for the random number stream for *spp_lsm*, single entry | | | | WRF-Solar Stochastic Ensemble Prediction System (WRF-Solar EPS) --------------------------------------------------------------- The following options are specific to the WRF-Solar Stochastic Ensemble Prediction System (WRF-Solar EPS) and work when *multi_perturb=1* and with *WRFv4.4+*. These options are set in the **&stoch** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ nens, 1, seed for the random number stream; in ensemble forecasts this parameter must be different for each member; the seed is a function of the initial time to ensure different random number streams are created for forecasts starting from different times; changing this seed changes the random number streams for all activated stochastic parameterization schemes, single entry multi_perturb, 0, set to *1* to turn on stochastic perturbations tailored for solar energy applications, max_dom spdt, -1.0, frequency (in minutes) at which stochastic perturbations are updated; a negative value results in updates every *time_step*, max_dom num_pert_3d, 15, Number of entries in *STOCHPERT.TBL*; no need to modify, single entry | | .. note:: The following subset of options are specific to FARMS parameterization perturbations, and work when *pert_farms=.true.*, *multi_perturb=1*, *swint_opt=2*, and with *WRFv4.4+*. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ pert_farms, .false., set to *.true.* to turn on perturbations to FARMS parameterization, max_dom pert_farms_albedo, 0, set to *1* to perturb albedo, max_dom pert_farms_aod, 0, set to *1* to perturb aerosol optical depth (*AOD*), max_dom pert_farms_angexp, 0, set to *1* to perturb aerosol Angstrom exponent (*angexp*), max_dom pert_farms_aerasy, 0, set to *1* to perturb aerosol asymmetry factor (*aerasy*), max_dom pert_farms_qv, 0, set to *1* to perturb water vapor mixing ratio (*qv*), max_dom pert_farms_qc, 0, set to *1* to perturb cloud water mixing ratio (*qc*), max_dom pert_farms_qs, 0, set to *1* to perturb snow mixing ratio (*qs*), max_dom | | .. note:: The following subset of options are specific to Deng's shallow cumulus parameterization perturbations, and work when *pert_deng=.true.*, *multi_perturb=1*, *shcu_physics=5*, and with *WRFv4.4+*. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ pert_deng, .false., set to *.true.* to activate perturbations to Deng's shallow cumulus parameterization scheme, max_dom pert_deng_qv, 0, set to *1* to perturb water vapor mixing ratio (*qv*), max_dom pert_deng_qc, 0, set to *1* to perturb cloud water mixing ratio (*qc*), max_dom pert_deng_t, 0, set to *1* to perturb temperature, max_dom pert_deng_w, 0, set to *1* to perturb vertical velocity (*w*), max_dom | | .. note:: The following subset of options are specific to MYNN PBL perturbations, and work when *pert_mynn=.true.*, *multi_perturb=1*, *bl_pbl_physicss=5 or 6*, and with *WRFv4.4+*. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ pert_mynn, .false., set to *.true.* to activate perturbations for MYNN PBL schemes, max_dom pert_mynn_qv, 0, set to *1* to perturb water vapor mixing ratio (*qv*), max_dom pert_mynn_qc, 0, set to *1* to perturb cloud water mixing ratio (*qc*), max_dom pert_mynn_t, 0, set to *1* to perturb temperature, max_dom pert_mynn_qke, 0, set to *1* to perturb vertical velocity (*w*), max_dom | | .. note:: The following subset of options are specific to Noah LSM perturbations, and work when *pert_noah=.true.*, *multi_perturb=1*, *sf_surface_physics=2*, and with *WRFv4.4+*. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ pert_noah, .false., set to *.true.* to activate perturbations to the Noah LSM scheme, max_dom pert_noah_qv, 0, set to *1* to perturb water vapor mixing ratio (*qv*), max_dom pert_noah_smois, 0, set to *1* to perturb soil moisture (*smois*), max_dom pert_noah_t, 0, set to *1* to perturb temperature, max_dom pert_noah_tslb, 0, set to *1* to perturb soil temperature (*tslb*), max_dom | | .. note:: The following subset of options are specific to Thompson microphysics perturbations, and work when *pert_noah=.true.*, *multi_perturb=1*, *mp_physics=8*, and with *WRFv4.4+*. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ pert_thom, .false., set to *.true.* to activate perturbations to Thompson microphysics, max_dom pert_thom_qv, 0, set to *1* to perturb water vapor mixing ratio (*qv*), max_dom pert_thom_qc, 0, set to *1* to perturb cloud water mixing ratio (*qc*), max_dom pert_thom_qi, 0, set to *1* to perturb ice mixing ratio (*qi*), max_dom pert_thom_qs, 0, set to *1* to perturb snow mixing ratio (*qs*), max_dom pert_thom_ni, 0, set to *1* to perturb ice number concentration (*ni*), max_dom | | .. note:: The following subset of options are specific to Sundqvist et al., 1989 optical depth cloud effect perturbations, and work when *pert_noah=.true.*, *multi_perturb=1*, *icloud=3*, and with *WRFv4.4+*. .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ pert_cld3, .false., set to *.true.* to activate perturbations to clouds generated with *icloud=3*, max_dom pert_cld3_qv, 0, set to *1* to perturb water vapor mixing ratio (*qv*), max_dom pert_cld3_t, 0, set to *1* to perturb temperature, max_dom | | | | | &dynamics ========= To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&dynamics** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ hybrid_opt, 2, dynamical coordinate option; |br| =0 : original WRF terrain-following coordinate (this option was default for WRFv3) |br| =2 : Klemp cubic form for the critical eta level (*etac*) (default in WRFv4.0+)), single entry etac, 0.2, the critical eta level at which model layers become completely isobaric - when *znw(k) < etac*\, eta surfaces become isobaric; 0.2 is a good default value; see *WRF/doc/README.hybrid_vert_coord* for details, single entry rk_ord, 3, time integration scheme used; |br| |br| =2 : Runge-Kutta 2nd order |br| =3 : Runge-Kutta 3rd order; recommended setting, single entry diff_opt, -1, turbulence and mixing option; |br| |br| =0 : no turbulence or explicit spatial numerical filters are used; *km_opt* is ignored |br| =1 : evaluates the 2nd-order diffusion term on coordinate surfaces; uses *kvdif* for vertical diffusion unless the PBL option is used; may be used with *km_opt=1*\, which is recommended for real-data cases\, and *km_opt=4* |br| =2 : evaluates mixing terms in physical space (stress form; x\,y\,z); turbulence parameterization is chosen by specifying *km_opt*, max_dom km_opt, -1, eddy coefficient option; |br| |br| =0 : turned off |br| =1 : constant; use *khdif* and *kvdif* |br| =2 : 1.5 order TKE closure (3D); not recommeded for *DX > 2 km* |br| =3 : Smagorinsky first order closure (3D); not recommended for *DX > 2 km* |br| =4 : horizontal Smagorinsky first-order closure; recommended for real-data cases |br| =5 : Scale-aware 3DTKE LES/PBL scheme; *works when diff_opt=2\, bl_pbl_physics=0\, and sf_sfclay_physics=1\,5\,91\, and with WRFv4.2+*, max_dom diff_6th_opt, 0, 6th-order numerical diffusion option; |br| |br| =0 : no 6th-order diffusion |br| =1 : 6th-order numerical diffusion |br| =2 : 6th-order numerical diffusion\, but prohibits up-gradient diffusion, max_dom diff_6th_factor, 0.12, 6th-order numerical diffusion non-dimensional rate; max value 1.0 corresponds to complete removal of the *2\*dx* wave in one *time_step*, max_dom diff_6th_slopeopt, 0, set to *1* to turn on 6th-order numerical diffusion - terrain-slope tapering, max_dom diff_6th_thresh, 0.1, slope threshold (*m/m*) that\, when reached\, turns off 6th-order diffusion in steep terrain, max_dom damp_opt, 3, the type of upper-level damping to use; |br| |br| =0 : no damping |br| =1 : diffusive damping; may be used for real-data cases; *dampcoef* nondimensional *~0.01-0.1* |br| =2 : Rayleigh damping; *dampcoef* inverse time scale (*1/s*)\, for e.g.\, *0.003* |br| =3 : Rayleigh damping; for real-data cases; *dampcoef* inverse time scale (*1/s*)\, for e.g.\, *0.2*, single entry use_theta_m, 1, use moist theta [*theta_m=theta(1+1.61Qv)*]; set to *0* to turn off, single entry use_q_diabatic, 0, set to *1* to include water vapor mixing ratio (*QV*) and cloud water mixing ratio (*QC*) tendencies during advection; helps with solution accuracy in an idealized "moist benchmark" test case (`Bryan\, 2014 `_); for real-data testing\, reduce the *time_step* namelist option to maintain stability, single entry dampcoef, 0.2, damping coefficient; see *damp_opt*, max_dom c_s, 0.25, Smagorinsky coefficient, max_dom c_k, 0.15, TKE coefficient, max_dom zdamp, 5000, damping depth (in meters) from the model top, max_dom w_damping, 0, set to *1* to turn on vertical velocity damping; for operational use, single entry w_crit_cfl, 1, vertical courant number where vertical damping begins, single entry zadvect_implicit, 0, set to *1* to use the `implicit/explicit vertical advection (IEVA) scheme `_\, which allows for a larger *time_step* for grids with large aspect ratios (*dx/dz >> 1*) that permit explicit convection, single entry base_pres, 100000, the base state surface pressure (in Pa) |br| |br| *works for real-data cases*; it is not recommended to change the default value, single entry base_temp, 290, base state temperature (in K) |br| |br| *works for real-data cases*, single entry base_lapse, 50, lapse rate (in K); it is not recommended to change the default value |br| |br| *works for real-data cases*, single entry iso_temp, 200, isothermal temperature in the statosphere; enables the model to extend up to 5 mb |br| |br| *works for real-data cases*, single entry base_pres_strat, 0, base state pressure (in Pa) at the bottom of the stratosphere; US Standard atmosphere *55 hPa* |br| |br| *works for real-data cases*, single entry base_lapse_strat, -11, base state lapse rate (*dT/d(lnP)*) in the stratosphere; approximate to the *-12K* US standard atmosphere value |br| |br| *works for real-data cases*, single entry use_baseparam_fr_nml, .false., set to *.true.* to use base state parameters from the namelist; for backward compatibility to use with *wrfinput* files produced prior to WRFv3.4, single entry use_input_w, .false., set to *.true.* to use vertical velocity from the input file, single entry khdif, 0, horizontal diffusion constant (m\ :sup:`2`/s), max_dom kvdif, 0, vertical diffusion constant (m\ :sup:`2`/s), max_dom smdiv, 0.1, divergence damping; 0.1 is typical, max_dom emdiv, 0.01, external-mode filter coefficent for the mass coordinate model; 0.01 is typical for real-data cases, max_dom epssm, 0.1, time off-centering (slightly forward) for the vertical pressure gradient (or sound waves) in an effort to damp 3-d divergence; set :math:`\\leq` 0.5, max_dom non-hydrostatic, .true., instructs WRF to run in non-hydrostatic mode; set to *.false.* to run in hydrostatic mode, max_dom pert_coriolis, .false., when set to *.true.* coriolis only acts on wind perturbation |br| |br| *works for idealized cases*, max_dom top_lid, .false., set to *.true.* for zero vertical motion at the top of domain |br| |br| *works for idealized cases*, max_dom mix_full_fields, .false., recommended setting is *.true.* except for highly-idealized numerical tests; when set to *.false.* the 1D base-state profile is subtracted before mixing |br| |br| *works when diff_opt=2 and when damp_opt* :math:`\\neq` 1, max_dom mix_isotropic, 0, =0 : anistropic vertical/horizontal diffusion |br| =1 : isotropic; *works when km_opt=2 or 3*, max_dom mix_upper_bound, 0.1, non-dimensional upper limit for diffusion coefficients |br| |br| *works when km_opt=2 or 3*, max_dom h_mom_adv_order, 5, horizontal momentum advection order; 5=5th\, etc., max_dom v_mom_adv_order, 3, vertical momentum advection order; 3=3rd\, etc., max_dom h_sca_adv_order, 5, horizontal scalar advection order; 5=5th\, etc., max_dom v_sca_adv_order, 3, vertical scalar advection order; 3=3rd\, etc., max_dom time_step_sound, 0, number of sound steps per timestep; if using a *time_step* much larger than 6xDX (in km)\, increase this setting, max_dom moist_adv_opt, 1, advection option for moisture; |br| |br| =0 : simple |br| =1 : positive-definite |br| =2 : monotonic |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) |br| =4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite, max_dom scalar_adv_opt, 1, advection option for scalars; |br| |br| =0 : simple |br| =1 : positive-definite |br| =2 : monotonic |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) |br| =4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite, max_dom tke_adv_opt, 1, advection option for TKE; |br| |br| =0 : simple |br| =1 : positive-definite |br| =2 : monotonic |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) |br| =4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite, max_dom phi_adv_z, 1, vertical advection option for geopotential; |br| |br| =1 : original |br| =2 : avoid double staggering of omega, max_dom chem_adv_opt, 1, advection option for variables; |br| |br| =0 : simple |br| =1 : positive-definite |br| =2 : monotonic |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) |br| =4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite, max_dom tracer_adv_opt, 1, advection option for tracer variables; |br| =0 : simple |br| =1 : positive-definite |br| =2 : monotonic |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory) |br| =4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite, max_dom momentum_adv_opt, 1, advection option for momentum; |br| |br| =1 : standard |br| =3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory), max_dom tke_drag_coefficient, 0, surface drag coefficient (dimensionless) |br| |br| *works when diff_opt=2*, max_dom tke_heat_flux, 0, surface thermal flux :math:`(H/rho \\times cp)`; :math:`(K m s^{-1})` |br| |br| *works when diff_opt=2*, max_dom fft_filter_lat, 91, a latitude (degrees) where the polar filter starts; the filter is activated from this latitude\, up/down to the nearest pole; *45* is a reasonable latitude to start using polar filters |br| |br| *works when using a global domain*, single entry coupled_filtering, .true., uses polar filters for *MU* coupled scalar arrays, single entry pos_def, .false., set to *.true.* to remove any negative scalar array values, single entry swap_pole_with_next_j, .false., set to *.true.* to replace the domain's values at the pole\, *j=1 (jds-1)*\, with the values from the next row\, *j=2 (jds-2)*, single entry actual_distance_average, .false., set to *.true.* to average the field at each *i* location in the *j*-loop with a number of grid points based on a map-factor ratio, single entry gwd_opt, 0, option for sub-grid orographic gravity-wave vertical momentum transport (or drag); can be used for all grid sizes when `appropriate geogrid input fields `_ are included (`details `_); |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : gravity wave drag and blocking |br| =3 : gravity wave drag\, blocking\, small-scale gravity drag and turbulent orographic form drag, max_dom do_avgflx_em, 0, set to *1* to output time-averaged mass-coupled advective velocities, max_dom do_avgflx_cugd, 0, set to *1* to output time-averaged convective mass-fluxes calculated by the Grell-Devenyi ensemble scheme |br| |br| *works when do_avgflx_em =1 and cu_physics=93*, max_dom sfs_opt, 0, nonlinear backscatter and anisotrophy (NBA); |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : NBA\, using diagnostic stress terms; *works when km_opt=2 or 3 for scalars* |br| =2 : NBA\, using TKE-based stress terms; *works when km_opt=2 or 3*, max_dom m_opt, 0, set to *1* to output *Mij* stress terms when NBA is not used (*sfs_opt=0*), max_dom tracer_opt, 0, set to *2* to activate eight pre-defined tracers (found in the Registry file), max_dom rad_nudge, 0, set to *1* to turn on nudging toward the initial sounding in the tropical cyclone idealized case |br| |br| *works when WRF is compiled for the tropical cyclone idealized case*, single entry | | .. note:: The following subset of options are specific to deactivating 2nd and 6th order horizontal filters for specific scalar variable classes. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ moist_mix2_off, .false., set to *.true.* to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for moisture, max_dom chem_mix2_off, .false., set to *.true.* to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for chem species, max_dom tracer_mix2_off, .false., set to *.true.* to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for tracers, max_dom scalar_mix2_off, .false., set to *.true.* to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for scalars, max_dom tke_mix2_off, .false., set to *.true.* to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for TKE, max_dom moist_mix6_off, .false., set to *.true.* to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for moisture, max_dom chem_mix6_off, .false., set to *.true.* to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for chem species, max_dom tracer_mix6_off, .false., set to *.true.* to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for tracers, max_dom scalar_mix6_off, .false., set to *.true.* to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for scalars, max_dom tke_mix6_off, .false., set to *.true.* to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for TKE, max_dom | | | | &bdy_control ============ To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&bdy_control** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ spec_bdy_width, 5, total number of rows for specified boundary value nudging |br| |br| *works with real-data simulations*, single entry spec_zone, 1, number of points in the specified zone |br| |br| *works when specified=.true. and with real-data simulations*, single entry relax_zone, 4, number of points in the relaxation zone |br| |br| *works when specified=.true. and with real-data simulations*, single entry specified, .false., set to *.true.* to use a specified boundary condition; can only be used for domain 1 |br| |br| *works with real-data simulations*, max_dom spec_exp, 0, exponential multiplier for the relaxation zone ramp; for e.g.\, *0* = linear ramp; *0.33* = ~3*DX exponential decay factor |br| |br| *works when specified=.true. and with real-data simulations*, single entry multi_bdy_files, .false., set to *.true.* to generate multiple *wrfbdy* files (one time period per file); this option requires setting *bdy_inname=wrfbdy_d01_* in the *&time_control* namelist record - do not change the ** syntax, single entry periodic_x, .false., set to *.true.* to use periodic boundary conditions in the *x*-direction, max_dom symmetric_xs, .false., set to *.true.* to use symmetric boundary conditions on the *x* start side (west side), max_dom symmetric_xe, .false., set to *.true.* to use symmetric boundary conditions on the *x* end side (east side), max_dom open_xs, .false., set to *.true.* to use open boundary conditions on the *x* start side (west side), max_dom open_xe, .false., set to *.true.* to use open boundary conditions on the *x* end side (east side), max_dom periodic_y, .false., set to *.true.* to use periodic boundary conditions in the *y*-direction, max_dom symmetric_ys, .false., set to *.true.* to use symmetric boundary conditions on the *y* start side (south side), max_dom symmetric_ye, .false., set to *.true.* to use symmetric boundary conditions on the *y* end side (north side), max_dom open_ys, .false., set to *.true.* to use open boundary conditions on the *y* start side (south side), max_dom open_ye, .false., set to *.true.* to use open boundary conditions on the *y* end side (north side), max_dom nested, .false., set to *.true.* to use nested boundary conditions; must be set to *.true.* for nests, max_dom polar, .false., set to *.true.* to use a polar boundary condition (*v=0* at polarward-most *v*-point) |br| |br| *works with global applications*, max_dom constant_bc, .false., set to *.true.* to use a constant boundary condition |br| |br| *works when dfi_opt > 0*, single entry have_bcs_moist, .false., after running ndown.exe\, set to *.true.* to use microphysics variables from the *wrfbdy* file during the proceeding wrf execution (wrf.exe), max_dom have_bcs_scalar, .false., after running ndown.exe\, set to *.true.* to use scalar variables from the *wrfbdy* file during the proceeding wrf execution (wrf.exe), max_dom | | | | | &fdda ===== The following options are specific to Grid Nudging and assume *grid_fdda=1* for each domain. |br| Options in this section must be set in the **&fdda** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ grid_fdda, 0, grid nudging option; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : grid analysis nudging |br| =2 : spectral analysis nudging, max_dom gfdda_inname, "wrffdda_d", the defined name of the grid nudging input file generated by real.exe; the prefix *wrffdda* can be modified\, but the *_d* suffix cannot be changed, single entry gfdda_interval_m, 0, time interval (in minutes) between analysis times, max_dom gfdda_end_h, 0, time (in hours) from the start of the simulation\, to the time at which nudging should stop, max_dom io_form_gfdda, 2, output format for grid analysis data; |br| |br| =2 : NetCDF |br| =4 : PHD5 |br| =5 : GRIB1 |br| =10 : GRIB2 |br| =11 : pNetCDF, single entry fgdt, 0, calculation frequency (in minutes) for analysis nudging; 0=every time step\, which is recommended, max_dom if_no_pbl_nudging_uv, 0, set to *1* to turn off *u* and *v* nudging in the PBL, max_dom if_no_pbl_nudging_t, 0, set to *1* to turn off temperature nudging in the PBL, max_dom if_no_pbl_nudging_q, 0, set to *1* to turn off *qvapor* nudging in the PBL, max_dom guv, 0, nudging coefficient for *u* and *v* (*s-1*); a reasonable value is *0.0003*, max_dom gt, 0, nudging coefficient for temperature (*s-1*); a reasonable value is *0.0003*, max_dom gq, 0, nudging coefficient for qvapor (*s-1*); a reasonable value is *0.0003*, max_dom if_ramping, 0, the method used to end nudging; |br| |br| =0 : nudging ends as a step function |br| =1 : nudging ramps down at the end of the period, single entry dtramp_min, 0, timestep (in minutes) for the ramping function, single entry grid_sfdda, 0, surface grid nudging option; |br| |br| =0 : none |br| =1 : nudging for selected surface fields |br| =2 : FASDAS (Flux-Adjusted Surface Data Assimilation System) nudging, max_dom sgfdda_inname, "wrfsfdda_d", the defined name of the surface nudging input file generated by the `OBSGRID <./obsgrid.html>`_ program, single entry sgfdda_interval_m, 0, time interval (in minutes) between surface analysis times, max_dom sgfdda_end_h, 0, time (in hours) from the start of the simulation\, to the time at which surface nudging should stop, max_dom io_form_sgfdda, 2, surface analysis output format; |br| |br| =2 : NetCDF, single entry guv_sfc, 0, surface nudging coefficient for *u* and *v* (*s-1*); a reasonable value is *0.0003*, max_dom gt_sfc, 0, surface nudging coefficient for temperature (*s-1*); a reasonable value is *0.0003*, max_dom gq_sfc, 0, surface nudging coefficient for qvapor (*s-1*); a reasonable value is *0.0003*, max_dom rinblw, 0, the radius of influence used to determine the confidence (or weights) for analysis\, which is based on the distance between the grid point to the nearest observation; analysis for grid points without nearvy observations is used at a reduced weight, max_dom | | | | Spectral Nudging ---------------- The following options are specific to Spectral Nudging and assume *grid_fdda=2* for each domain. These options are set in the **&fdda** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ fgdtzero, 0, set to *1* to nudge tendencies to zero between fdda calls, max_dom if_no_pbl_nudging_ph, 0, set to *1* to turn off perturbation geopotential (*ph*) nudging in the PBL, max_dom if_zfac_uv, 0, determines which layers will nudge *u* and *v*; |br| |br| =0 : nudge in all layers |br| =1 : limit nudging to levels above *k_zfac_uv*, max_dom k_zfac_uv, 0, below this model level *u* and *v* nudging is turned off, max_dom dk_zfac_uv, 1, depth (in the *k* dimension) between *k_zfac_uv* to *dk_zfac_uv* where nudging increases linearly to full strength, max_dom if_zfac_t, 0, determines which layers will nudge temperature; |br| |br| =0 : nudge in all layers |br| =1 : limit nudging to levels above *k_zfac_t*, max_dom k_zfac_t, 0, below this model level temperature nudging is turned off, max_dom dk_zfac_t, 1, depth (in the *k* dimension) between *k_zfac_t* to *dk_zfac_t* where nudging increases linearly to full strength, max_dom if_zfac_ph, 0, determines which layers will nudge perturbation geopotential (*ph*); |br| |br| =0 : nudge in all layers |br| =1 : limit nudging to levels above *k_zfac_ph*, max_dom k_zfac_ph, 0, below this model level nudging is turned off for perturbation geopotential (*ph*), max_dom dk_zfac_ph, 1, depth (in the *k* dimension) between *k_zfac_ph* to *dk_zfac_ph* where nudging increases linearly to full strength, max_dom if_zfac_q, 0, determines which layers will nudge qvapor; |br| |br| =0 : nudge in all layers |br| =1 : limit nudging to levels above *k_zfac_tq*, max_dom k_zfac_q, 0, below this model level nudging is turned off for qvapor, max_dom dk_zfac_q, 1, depth (in the *k* dimension) between *k_zfac_q* to *dk_zfac_q* where nudging increases linearly to full strength, max_dom gph, 0, nudging coefficient for perturbation geopotential (*ph*); a reasonable value is *0.0003*, max_dom ktrop, 0, a user-defined layer (nominally selected to represent the tropopause) above the PBL to cap spectral nudging of potential temperature and water vapor mixing ratio, single entry xwavenum, 0, the top wave number to nudge in the *x*-direction; a reasonable value is *3*, max_dom ywavenum, 0, the top wave number to nudge in the *y*-direction; a reasonable value is *3*, max_dom | | | | Observational Nudging --------------------- The following options are specific to Observational Nudging and assume *obs_nudge_opt=1* for each domain. These options are set in the **&fdda** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ obs_nudge_opt, 0, set to *1* to turn on observational nudging; this also requires setting *auxinput11_invterval* and *auxinput11_end_h* under the *&time_control* namelist, max_dom max_obs, 0, maximum number of observations used for a domain during any given time window, single entry fdda_start, 0, observational nudging start time (in minutes), max_dom fdda_end, 0, observational nudging end time (in minutes), max_dom obs_nudge_wind, 0, set to *1* to turn on wind nudging, max_dom obs_coef_wind, 0, nudging coefficient for wind (*s-1*), max_dom obs_nudge_temp, 0, set to *1* to turn on temperature nudging, max_dom obs_coef_temp, 0, nudging coefficient for temperature (*s-1*), max_dom obs_nudge_mois, 0, set to *1* to turn on vapor mixing ratio nudging, max_dom obs_coef_mois, 0, nudging coefficient for vapor mixing ratio (*s-1*), max_dom obs_rinxy, 0, horizontal radius of influence (in km), max_dom obs_rinsig, 0, vertical radius of influence (in eta), single entry obs_twindo, 0, half-period time window over which an observation is used for nudging (in hours), max_dom obs_npfi, 0, frequency in coarse grid time steps for diagnostic prints, single entry obs_ionf, 1, frequency in coarse grid time steps for observational input and error calculation, max_dom obs_idynin, 0, set to *1* to turn on dynamic initialization\, which uses a function to ramp-down so that FDDA is gradually turned off, single entry obs_dtramp, 0, time period (in minutes) over which nudging is ramped down from *1* to *0*, single entry obs_prt_max, 1000, maximum allowed observation entries in the diagnostic printout, single entry obs_prt_freq, 1000, frequency in observation indexing in the diagnostic printout, max_dom obs_ipf_in4dob, .false., set to *.true.* to print observational input diagnostics, single entry obs_ipf_errob, .false., set to *.true.* to print observational error diagnostics, single entry obs_ipf_nudob, .false., set to *.true.* to print observational nudging diagnostics, single entry obs_ipf_init, .true., enables observational initial warning messages, single entry obs_no_pbl_nudge_uv, 0, set to *1* to turn off wind nudging within the PBL, max_dom obs_no_pbl_nudge_t, 0, set to *1* to turn off temperature nudging within the PBL, max_dom obs_no_pbl_nudge_q, 0, set to *1* to turn off moisture nudging within the PBL, max_dom obs_nudgezfullr1_uv |br| obs_nudgezfullr1_t |br| obs_nudgezfullr1_q, 50, the vertical influence full weight height for the lowest model level observations\, PBL regime 1\, winds (*uv*)\, temperature (*t*)\, and moisture (*q*), single entry obs_nudgezrampr1_uv |br| obs_nudgezrampr1_t |br| obs_nudgezrampr1_q, 50, the vertical influence ramp-to-zero height for lowest model level observations\, regime 1\, winds (*uv*)\, temperature (*t*)\, and moisture (*q*), single entry obs_nudgezfullr2_uv |br| obs_nudgezfullr2_t |br| obs_nudgezfullr2_q, 50, the vertical influence full weight height for lowest model level observations\, regime 2\, winds (*uv*)\, temperature (*t*)\, and moisture (*q*), single entry obs_nudgezrampr2_uv |br| obs_nudgezrampr2_t |br| obs_nudgezrampr2_q, 50, the vertical influence ramp-to-zero height for lowest model level observations\, regime 2\, winds (*uv*)\, temperature (*t*)\, and moisture (*q*), single entry obs_nudgezfullr4_uv |br| obs_nudgezfullr4_t |br| obs_nudgezfullr4_q, -5000, the vertical influence full weight height for lowest model level observations\, regime 4\, winds (*uv*)\, temperature (*t*)\, and moisture (*q*), single entry obs_nudgezrampr4_uv |br| obs_nudgezrampr4_t |br| obs_nudgezrampr4_q, 50, the vertical influence ramp-to-zero height for lowest model level observations\, regime 4\, winds (*uv*)\, temperature (*t*)\, and moisture (*q*), single entry obs_nudgezfullmin, 50, minimum depth (in meters) through which the vertical influence function remains *1.0*, single entry obs_nudgezrampmin, 50, minimum depth (in meters) through which the vertical influence function decreases from 1 to 0, single entry obs_nudgezmax, 3000, max depth (in meters) in which the vertical influence function is non-zero, single entry obs_sfcfact, 1.0, a time-window scale factor for surface observations, single entry obs_sfcfacr, 1.0, a horizontal radius of influence scale factor for surface observations, single entry obs_dpsmx, 7.5, max pressure change (in cb) allowed within the horizontal radius of influence, single entry obs_sfc_scheme_horiz, 0, option to use a horizontal spreading scheme for surface observations; |br| |br| =0 : WRF scheme |br| =1 : MM5 scheme, single entry obs_sfc_scheme_vert, 0, the vertical spreading scheme used for surface observations; |br| |br| =0 : regime vif scheme |br| =1 : original (simple) scheme, single entry obs_max_sndng_gap, 20, for interpolation purposes\, this is the max allowed pressure gap (in cb) between soundings, single entry obs_scl_neg_qv_innov, 0, set to *1* to prevent nudging toward negative Qv, single entry | | | | | .. _&noah_mp: &noah_mp ======== To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&noah_mp** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ dveg, 4, dynamic vegetation option; *LAI* = leaf area index\, *FVEG* = vegetation fraction\, *SHDFAC* = model variable for veg fraction |br| =1 : off; LAI from table; FVEG = SHDFAC |br| =2 : on; LAI predicted; FVEG calculated |br| =3 : off; LAI from table; FVEG calculated |br| =4 : off; LAI from table; FVEG = max veg fraction |br| =5 : on; LAI predicted; FVEG = max veg fraction |br| =6 : on; use FVEG - SHDFAC from input |br| =7 : off; use input LAI; use FVEG - SHDFAC from input |br| =8 : off; use input LAI; calculate FVEG |br| =9 : off; use input LAI; use max veg fraction |br| =10 : crop model on; use max veg fraction, single entry opt_crs, 1, stomatal resistance option; |br| |br| =1 : Ball-Berry |br| =2 : Jarvis, single entry opt_sfc, 1, determines the calculation used for the surface layer drag coefficient; |br| |br| =1 : Monin-Obukhov |br| =2 : original Noah (Chen97), single entry opt_btr, 1, the soil moisture factor used for stomatal resistance; |br| |br| =1 : Noah |br| =2 : CLM |br| =3 : SSiB, single entry opt_run, 3, runoff and groundwater option; |br| |br| =1 : TOPMODEL with groundwater |br| =2 : TOPMODEL with an equilibrium water table |br| =3 : original surface and subsurface runoff (free drainage) |br| =4 : BATS (Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme) surface and subsurface runoff (free drainage) |br| =5 : `Miguez-Macho `_ & `Fan `_ groundwater scheme; *geogrid must be run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution!* |br| =6 : `Variable Infiltration Capacity Model Surface Runoff scheme `_; *works in WRFv4.4+* |br| =7 : `Xiananjiang Infiltration and Surface Runoff scheme `_; *works in WRFv4.4+* |br| =8 : `Dynamic VIC Surface Runoff scheme `_; *works in WRFv4.4+*, single entry opt_infdv, 0, infiltration option in dynamic VIC runoff scheme; *works when opt_run=8; works in WRFv4.4+*; |br| |br| =0 : off |br| =1 : Philip scheme |br| =2 : Green-Ampt scheme |br| =3 : Smith-Parlange scheme, single entry opt_frz, 1, supercooled liquid water option; |br| |br| =1 : no iteration |br| =2 : Koren's iteration, single entry opt_inf, 1, soil permeability option; |br| |br| =1 : linear effect\, more permeable |br| =2 : non-linear effect; less permeable, single entry opt_rad, 3, radiative transfer option; |br| |br| =1 : modified two-stream; *can be problematic when vegetation fraction is small* |br| =2 : two-stream applied to grid cell |br| =3 : two-stream applied to veg fraction, single entry opt_alb, 2, ground surface albedo option; |br| |br| =1 : BATS |br| =2 : CLASS (Canadian Land Surface Scheme), single entry opt_snf, 1, precipitation partitioning between snow and rain; |br| |br| =1 : Jordan\, 1991 |br| =2 : BATS; snow when SFCTMP`_), single entry opt_tbot, 2, the lower boundary condition for soil temperature; |br| |br| =1 : zero heat flux |br| =2 : TBOT at 8 m from input file, single entry opt_stc, 1, snow/soil temperature time scheme; |br| |br| =1 : semi-implicit |br| =2 : fully-implicit |br| =3 : semi-implicit; where temperatures use snow cover fraction, single entry opt_gla, 1, glacier treatment option; |br| |br| =1 : includes phase change |br| =2 : slab ice (Noah), single entry opt_rsf, 1, surface evaporation resistence option; |br| |br| =1 : `Sakaguchi and Zeng\, 2009 `_ |br| =2 : Sellers\, 1992 |br| =3 : adjusted Sellers to decrease RSURF for wet soil |br| =4 : option 1 for non-snow; *rsurf=rsurf_snow* for snow; set in *MPTABLE.TBL*, single entry opt_soil, 1, options for defining soil properties; *works when geogrid is run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution*; |br| |br| =1 : use input dominant soil texture |br| =2 : use input soil texture that varies with depth |br| =3 : use soil composition (sand\, clay\, orgm) and pedotransfer functions (*opt_pedo=1*) |br| =4 : use input soil properties (*BEXP_3D*\, *SMCMAX_3D*\, etc.); *not valid in WRF*, single entry opt_pedo, 1, option for pedotransfer functions; *works when opt_soil=3 and when geogrid is run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution*; |br| |br| =1 : `Saxton and Rawls\, 2006 `_, single entry opt_crop, 0, crop model options; |br| |br| =0 : no crop model; run default dynamic vegetation |br| =1 : `Liu et al.\, 2016 `_ |br| =2 : `Gecros (Genotype-by-Environment interaction on CROp grown simulator `_, single entry opt_irr, 0, irrigation option; *works when geogrid is run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution*; |br| |br| =0 : no irrigation |br| =1 : irrigation on |br| =2 : irrigation trigger based on crop season planting and harvesting dates |br| =3 : irrigation trigger based on LAI (leaf area index) threshold, single entry opt_irrm, 0, options for irrigation method; *works when opt_irr > 0 and when geogrid is run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution*; |br| |br| =0 : method based on geo_em fractions (all three methods are on) |br| =1 : sprinkler method |br| =2 : micro/drip irrigation |br| =3 : surface flooding, single entry opt_tdrn, 0, tile drainage option; *only confirmed to work with opt_run=3 and when geogrid is run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution; works with WRFv4.4*; |br| |br| =0 : no tile drainage |br| =1 : simple drainage |br| =2 : Hooghoudt's equation-based tile drainage, single entry .. KKW start here soiltstep, 0.0, soil process timestep (in seconds) for solving soil water and temperature; new since V4.4; |br| |br| =0 : same as main NoahMP model timestep; |br| = N*dt_noahmp : typically 15 or 30 mins, single entry noahmp_output, 1, Noah-MP output levels; new since V4.4; |br| |br| =1 : standard output |br| =3 : standard output with additional water and energy budget term, single entry noahmp_acc_dt, 0.0, bucket reset time interval (mins) between outputs for accumulation; only works with noahmp_output=3, single entry | | | | | &dfi_control ============ The following options are specific to Digital Filter Initialization (DFI) and assume *dfi_opt>0*. |br| To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&dfi_control** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ dfi_opt, 0, digital filter initialization option; supports nesting with no feedback; |br| |br| =0 : no DFI |br| =1 : digital filter launch (DFL) |br| =2 : diabatic DFI (DDFI) |br| =3 : twice DFI (TDFI); recommended, single entry dfi_nfilter, 7, type of digital filter to use when dfi_opt>0; |br| |br| =0 : uniform |br| =1 : Lanczos |br| =2 : Hamming |br| =3 : Blackman |br| =4 : Kaiser |br| =5 : Potter |br| =6 : Dolph window |br| =7 : Dolph; recommended |br| =8 : recursive high-order, single entry dfi_write_filtered_input, .true., when set to =.true.\, writes a wrfinput file with a filtered model state before beginning a forecast, single entry dfi_write_dfi_history, .false., set to =.true. to write wrfout files during filtering integration, single entry dfi_cutoff_seconds, 3600, cutoff period (in seconds) for the filter; this is typically set :math:`\\geq` the filter window, single entry dfi_time_dim, 1000, maximum number of time steps for the filtering period; this value can be larger than necessary, single entry | | The following settings show an example for 1 hour backward integration for a model simulation that starts at 2004-03-13_12:00:00. These options are set in the **&dfi_control** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ dfi_bckstop_year, 2004, 4-digit year of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry dfi_bckstop_month, 3, 2-digit month of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry dfi_bckstop_day, 13, 2-digit day of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry dfi_bckstop_hour, 11, 2-digit hour of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry dfi_bckstop_minute, 0, 2-digit minute of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry dfi_bckstop_second, 0, 2-digit second of stop time for backward DFI integration, single entry | | The following settings specify 30 minutes of forward integration for a model simulation that starts at 2004-03-13_12:00:00. These options are set in the **&dfi_control** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ dfi_fwdstop_year, 2004, 4-digit year of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_fwdstop_month, 3, 2-digit month of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_fwdstop_day, 13, 2-digit day of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_fwdstop_hour, 12, 2-digit hour of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_fwdstop_minute, 30, 2-digit minute of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_fwdstop_second, 0, 2-digit second of stop time for forward DFI integration, single entry dfi_savehydmeteors, 0, Option for radar data assimilation: |br| |br| =0 : sets hydrometeors to 0 and lets them spin up in DFI |br| =1 : keeps hydrometeors unchanged, single entry | | | | | &grib2 ====== To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&grib2** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ background_proc_id, 255, background generating process identifier (typically defined by the originating data center) to identify background data used in creating the data; this is octet 13 of Section 4 in the grib2 message, single entry forecast_proc_id, 255, analysis or generating forecast process identifier (typically defined by the originating data center) to identify the forecast process used to generate the data; this is octet 14 of Section 4 in the grib2 message, single entry production_status, 255, production status of processed data in the grib2 message; see Code Table 1.3 of the grib2 manual; this is octect 20 of Section 1 in the grib2 record, single entry compression, 40, the compression method to encode the output grib2 message; only supported types are: |br| |br| =40 : jpeg2000 |br| =41 : PNG, single entry | | | | | &scm ==== The Single Column Model (SCM) can only be run for a single domain. All options require only a single entry in the namelist. To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&scm** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ scm_force, 0, set to =1 to turn on single column forcing scm_force_dx, 4000, DX for SCM forcing (in meters) num_force_layers, 8, number of SCM input forcing layers scm_lu_index, 2, SCM landuse category; 2= dryland\, cropland\, and pasture; others can be found in the LANDUSE.TBL file in the run/ or test/em_real/ directory scm_isltyp, 4, SCM soil category; 4= silt loam; others can be found in the SOILPARM.TBL file in the run/ or test/em_real/ directory scm_vegfra, 50, SCM vegetation fraction (%) scm_canwat, 0, SCM canopy water (kg m-2) scm_lat, 36.605, SCM latitude scm_lon, -97.485, SCM longitude scm_th_adv, .true., turns on theta advection in SCM scm_wind_adv, .true., turns on wind advection in SCM scm_qv_adv, .true., turns on moisture advection in SCM scm_vert_adv, .true., turns on vertical advection in SCM scm_ql_adv, .false., set to =.true. to turn on liquid advection in SCM scm_force_skintemp, 0, set to =1 to turn on SCM forcing by skin temp scm_force_flux, 0, set to =1 to turn on SCM forcing by surface fluxes num_force_soil_layers, 5, number of SCM soil forcing layers scm_soilt_force, .false., set to =.true. to turn on soil temperature forcing in SCM scm_soilq_force, .false., set to =.true. to turn on moisture forcing in SCM scm_force_th_largescale, .false., set to =.true. to turn on large-scale theta forcing in SCM scm_force_qv_largescale, .false., set to =.true. to turn on large-scale qv forcing in SCM scm_force_ql_largescale, .false., set to =.true. to turn on large-scale ql forcing in SCM scm_force_wind_largescale, .false., set to =.true. to turn on large-scale wind forcing in SCM | | | | | &tc === To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&tc** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ insert_bogus_storm, .false., set to =.true. to insert a bogus tropical cyclone, single entry remove_storm, .false., set to =.true. to remove the original tropical cyclone; does not work if a TC did not already exist, single entry num_storm, 1, the number of bogus TCs in the domain, single entry latc_loc, -999, center latitude of the bogus TC, max_bogus lonc_loc, -999, center longitude of the bogus TC, max_bogus vmax_meters_per_second, -999, wind max of bogus storm (m s-1), max_bogus rmax, -999, maximum radius outward from storm center of bogus TC, max_bogus vmax_ratio, -999, ratio for representative maximum winds; 0.75 for 45 km grid\, and 0.9 for 15 km grid, max_bogus rankine_lid, -999, top pressure limit for the TC bogus scheme, single entry | | | | | &diags ====== **To output fields on pressure levels (p_lev_diags=1)** |br| The following variables must be set in the **&time_control** record: * *auxhist23_outname=\'wrfpress_d_\'* : modify output stream and file name accordingly * *io_form_auxhist23=2* : 2=netCDF file format * *auxhist23_interval=180,180* : interval in minutes for each domain * *frames_per_auxhist23=1,1* : number of files output per interval period | **To vertically interpolate diagnostics to z-levels (z_lev_diags=1)** |br| The following additional variables must set in the **&time_control** record (note the use of stream 22, instead of 23, as is used above): * *auxhist22_outname=\'wrfpress_d_\'* : modify output stream and file name accordingly * *io_form_auxhist22=2* : 2=netCDF file format * *auxhist22_interval=180,180* : interval in minutes for each domain * *frames_per_auxhist22=1,1* : number of files output per interval period | | To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&diags** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ p_lev_diags, 0, set to =1 to output pressure level diagnostics, single entry num_press_levels, 0, number of pressure levels, single entry press_levels, 0, specifically state the desired pressure levels (in Pa); one per num_press_levels, max_plevs use_tot_or_hyd_p, 2, pressure option; |br| |br| 1 : use total pressure |br| 2 : use hydrostatic pressure, single entry p_lev_missing, -999, missing value below ground, single entry z_lev_diags, 0, set to =1 to vertically interpolate diagnostics to z-levels, single entry num_z_levels, 0, number of height levels to interpolate to, single entry z_levels, 0, list of height values (in meters) to interpolate data to; positive numbers are for heights above mean sea level (i.e.\, a flight level); negative numbers are for levels above ground, max_zlevs z_lev_missing, -999, missing value below ground, single entry extrap_below_grnd, 1, method used for extrapolating below ground; |br| |br| =1 : no extrapolation |br| =2 : extrapolate adiabatically, single entry solar_diagnostics, 0, set to =1 to turn on solar forecasting diagnostics for additional solar-related outputs; see full description in the "output diagnostics" section of the `WRF Output <./output.html>`_ chapter; new since V4.2, single entry | | | | | &afwa ===== The following options are specific to AFWA diagnostics, and assumes *afwa_daig_opt=1*. To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&afwa** namelist record. .. note:: These options cannot be used with an OpenMP configuration. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ afwa_diag_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on AFWA diagnostics, max_dom afwa_ptype_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on precipitation type option, max_dom afwa_vil_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on vertical int liquid option, max_dom afwa_radar_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on radar option, max_dom afwa_severe_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on severe weather option, max_dom afwa_icing_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on icing option, max_dom afwa_vis_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on visibility option, max_dom afwa_cloud_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on cloud option, max_dom afwa_therm_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on thermal indices option, max_dom afwa_turb_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on turbulence option, max_dom afwa_buoy_opt, 0, set to =1 to turn on buoyancy option, max_dom afwa_ptype_ccn_tmp, 264.15, CCN temperature for precipitation type calculation, single entry afwa_ptype_tot_melt, 50, total melting energy for precipitation type calculation, single entry | | | | | &ideal ====== To use the options in this section, they must be set in the **&ideal** namelist record. | .. csv-table:: :widths: 20,10,50,20 :header: Namelist Parameter, Default Setting, Description, Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom) :width: 100% :escape: \ ideal_case, 0, set to =1 to indicate this is an idealized test case; mandatory for all idealized cases, single entry | | | | |