Refereed Journal Publications related to the PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model MM4/MM5This list is by no means complete, and may also contain inaccurate information. If you find any errors, or would like to add new references to the list, please e-mail the information to mesouser@ucar.edu.
AAlapaty, K., D.T. Olerud, K. Schere and A.F. Hanna, 1995: Sensitivity of Regional Oxidant Model Predictions to Diagnostic and Prognostic Meteorological Fields. Journal of Appled Meteorology, 34, 1787-1801. Albright, M. D., Reed, R. J., and Ovens, D. W. 1995. Origin and structure of a numerically simulated polar low over Hudson Bay. Tellus. Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, Stockholm, Sweden, 47A(5): 834-848. Alexander, G. David, Weinman, James A., Schols, J. L., 1998: The use of digital warping of microwave integrated water vapor imagery to improve forecasts of marine extratropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126(6), 1469-1496. Alpert P., and M. Tsidulko, 1994: Project WIND - numerical simulations with Tel Aviv model PSU-NCAR model run at Tel Aviv University. Mesoscale Modeling of the Atmosphere (eds. R.A. Pielke and R.P. Pearce), Meteorological Monographs, 25, No. 47, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Boston, 81-95. Alpert, P., M. Tsidulko and U. Stein, 1995: Can sensitivity studies yield absolute comparisons for the effects of several processes? J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 597-601. Alpert, P., U. Stein and M. Tsidulko, 1995: Role of sea fluxes and topography in eastern Mediterranean cyclogenesis, The Global Atmosphere-Ocean System, Vol. 3, 55-79. Alpert, P., S.O. Krichak, T.N. Krishnamurti, U. Stein and M. Tsidulko, 1996: The relative roles of lateral boundaries, initial conditions and topography in mesoscale simulation of lee cyclogenesis. J. Appl. Meteor., 1091-1099. Alpert, P., M. Tsidulko, S. Krichak and U. Stein, 1996: A multi-stage evolution of an ALPEX cyclone. Tellus, 48A, 209-220. Alpert, P., and Issahary, D., 1997: Recent changes in the climate at the Dead Sea--a preliminary study. Climatic Change, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 37(3), 513-537. Alpert, P., Tsidulko, M., Itzigsohn, D., 1999: A shallow, short-lived meso-beta cyclone over the Gulf of Antalya, eastern Mediterranean. Tellus. Series A, Stockholm, Sweden, 51A(2), 249-262. Anthes, R.A. and T.T. Warner, 1978: Development of hydrodynamic models suitable for air pollution and other mesometeorological studies. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1045-1078. Anthes, R.A. and T.T. Warner, 1978: Simulations of Mesoscale Flows over Israel. Israel Meteorological Research Papers Vol. II, Israel Met. Soc., Bet Dagan, 93-123. Anthes, R.A., N.L. Seaman and T.T. Warner, 1980: Comparisons of numerical simulations of the planetary boundary layer by a mixed-layer and multi-level model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 365-376. Anthes, R. A., Y.-H. Kuo, S. G. Benjamin and Y.-F. Li, 1982: The evolution of the mesoscale environment of severe local storms: Preliminary modeling results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1187--1213. Anthes, R. A., Y.-H. Kuo and J. R. Gyakum, 1983: Numerical simulation of a case of explosive marine cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1174--1188. Anthes, R. A., Y.-H. Kuo, D. Baumhefner, R. M. Errico and T. W. Bettge, 1985: Predictability of mesoscale atmospheric motions. Advances in Geophysics, 28B, 159--202. Anthes, R. A., Y.-H. Kuo, S. Low-Nam, E.-Y. Hsie and T. M. Bettge, 1989: Estimation of episodic and climatological skill and uncertainty in regional numerical models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115, 763--806.
BBallentine, Robert J., Stamm, Alfred J., Chermack, Eugene E., Byrd, Gregory P., Schleede, Donald, 1998: Mesoscale model simulation of the 4-5 January 1995 lake-effect snowstorm. Weather and Forecasting, Boston, MA, 13(4), 893-920. Bao, J.-W., J. M. Wilczak, J.-K. Chio, and L. H. Kantha, 2000: Numerical simulation of air-sea interaction under high wind conditions using a coupled model: A study of hurricane development. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2190-2210. Bao, J.-W., S. A. Michelson, and J. M. Wilczak, 2002: Sensitivity of numerical simulations to parameterizations of roughness for surface heat fluxes at high winds over the sea. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1926-1932. Barna, M., B. K. Lamb, S.M. O'Neill, H. Westberg, C.Figueroa-Kaminsky, S. Otterson, C. Bowman, and J. DeMay, 2000: Modeling ozone formation and transport in the Cascadia region of the Pacific Northwest, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 349-366. Barna, M., and B. Lamb, 2000: Improving ozone modeling in regions of complex terrain using observational nudging in a prognostic meteorological model. Atmospheric Environment, Oxford, England, 34(28): 4889-4906. Bates, G. T., 1990:A case study of the effects of topography on cyclone development in the weastern united states. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1808-1825. Bates, G.T., F. Giorgi and S.W. Hostetler, 1993: Towards the simulation of the effects of the Great Lakes on regional climate. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1373--1387. Bates, G.T., S.W. Hostetler and F. Giorgi, 1995: Two-year simulation of the Great Lakes region with a coupled modeling system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 1505-1522. Berman, S., J.-Y. Ku, and R. S. Trivikrama, 1999: Spatial and temporal variation in the mixing depth over the northeastern United States during the summer of 1995. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38(12), 1661-1673. Bindlish, Rajat -- Barros, Ana P., 2000: Disaggregation of rainfall for one-way coupling of atmospheric and hydrological models in the regions of complex terrain. Global and Planetary Change, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 25(1-2): 111-132. Biswas, Jhumoor -- Rao, S. Trivikrama, 2001: Uncertainties in episodic ozone modeling stemming from uncertainties in the meteorological fields. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Boston, MA, 40(2): 117-136. Bond, N. A., C. F. Mass, B. F. Smull, R. A. Houze, M.-J. Yang, B. A. Colle, S. A. Braun, M. A. Shapiro, B. R. Colman, P. J. Nieman, J. E. Overland, W. D. Neff, and J. D. Doyle, 1997: The Coastal Observation and Simulation with Topography (COAST) Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 1941-1955. Brandt, J., Mikkelsen, T., Thykier-Nielsen, S., and Zlatev, Z., 1996: The Danish Rimpuff and Eulerian Accidental Release Model (The DREAM). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Vol. 21, No. 5-6, pp. 441-444, 1996. Brandt, J., Bastrup-Birk, A., Christensen, J.H., Mikkelsen, T., Thykier-Nielsen, S., and Zlatev, Z., 1998: Testing the importance of accurate meteorological input fields and parameterizations in atmospheric transport modelling using DREAM - validation against ETEX-1. Atmospheric Environment, Oxford, England, 32(24): 4167-4186. Braun, S. A., 2002: A cloud-resolving simulation of Hurricane Bob (1991): Storm structure and eyewall buoyancy. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1573-1592. Braun, S. A., and W.-K. Tao, 2000: Sensitivity of high-resolution simulations of Hurriacne Bob (1991) to planetary boundary layer parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3941-3961. Braun, S. A. and R. A. Houze Jr., 1997: The evolution of the 10-11 June 1985 PRE-STORM squall line: Initiation, development of rear inflow, and dissipation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 478-504. Bright, D. R., and S. L. Mullen, 2002: The sensitivity of the numerical simulation of the southwest monsoon boundary layer to the choice of PBL turbulence parameterization in MM5. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 99-114. Bromwich, D.H., J.J. Cassano, T. Klein, G. Heinemann, K.M. Hines, K. Konrad, and J. E. Box, 2001: Mesoscale modeling of katabatic winds over Greenland. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2290-2309. Bromwich, D.H., A.J. Monaghan, J.G. Powers, J.J. Cassano, H. Wei, Y. Kuo, and A. Pellegrini, 2003: Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS): A case study from the 2000/2001 field season. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 412-434. Bromwich, D.H., A.J. Monaghan, and Z. Guo, 2003: Modeling the ENSO modulation of Antarctic climate in the late 1990s with Polar MM5. J. Climate, in press. Bromwich, D.H., Z. Guo, L. Bai, and Q-S. Chen, 2003: Modeled Antarctic precipitation. Part I: spatial and temporal variability. J. Climate, submitted. Brown, M.J., J.D. Locatelli, M.T. Stoelinga, and P.V. Hobbs: 1999: Numerical modeling of precipitation cores on cold fronts. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1175-1196. Bresch, J. F., R. J. Reed and M. D. Albright, 1997: A polar low development over the Bering Sea: Analysis, Numerical Simulation, and Sensitivity Experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 3109-3130. Brill, K.F., L.W. Uccellini, R.P. Burkhart, T.T. Warner and R.A. Anthes, 1985: Numerical simulations of a transverse indirect circulation and low-level jet in the exit region of an upper level jet. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1306-1320. Brost, R. A., P. L. Haagenson and Y.-H. Kuo, 1988: The effect of diffusion on tracer puffs simulated by a regional scale Eulerian model. J. Geophys. Res., 93(D3), 2389--2404. Brost, R. A., P. L. Haagenson and Y.-H. Kuo, 1988: Eulerian simulation of tracer distribution during CAPTEX. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 27, 579--593. Bryan, G. H., and J. M. Fritsch, 2000: Moist Absolute Instability: The Sixth Static Stability State. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 1207-1230. Bryan, G. H., and J. M. Fritsch, 2000: Diabatically driven discrete propagation of surface fronts: a numerical analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2061-2079. Byun, Daewon W. -- Pleim, Jonathan E. -- Tang, Ruen Tai -- Bourgeois, Al: 1999: Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor (MCIP) for Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. Byun, D. W. and Ching, J. K. S. (eds.), Science algorithms of the EPA Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system., Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development. Byun, D. W. -- Ching, J. K. S., 1999: Science algorithms of the EPA Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
CCarslaw, K. S., M. Wirth, A. Tsias, B. P. Luo, A. Dornbrack, M. Leutbecher, H. Volkert, W. Renger, J. T. Bacmeister and T. Peter, 1998: Particle Microphysics and Chemistry in Remotely Observed Mountain Polar Stratospheric Clouds. JGR, 103, 5785--5796. Carslaw, K. S., M. Wirth, A. Tsias, B. P. Luo, A. Dornbrack, M. Leutbecher, H. Volkert, W. Renger, J. T. Bacmeister, E. Reimer and T. Peter, 1998: Increased stratospheric ozone depletion due to mountain-induced atmospheric waves. Nature, 391, 675--678. Cassano, J. J., and T. R. Parish, 2000: An analysis of the nonhydrostatic dynamics in numerically simulated Antarctic katabatic winds. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 891-898. Cassano, J.J., T.R. Parish, and J.C. King, 2000: Evaluation of turbulent surface flux parameterizations for the stable surface layer over Halley, Antarctica. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 26--46. Cassano, J.J., J.E. Box, D.H. Bromwich, L. Li, and K. Steffen, 2001: Evaluation of Polar MM5 simulations of Greenland's atmospheric circulation. J. Geophys. Res., Special Issue on the PARCA (Program for Arctic Regional Climate Assessment), 106, 33,867-33,890. Chan, Johnny C. L. -- Duan, Yihong -- Shay, Lynn K, 2001: Tropical cyclone intensity change from a simple ocean-atmosphere coupled model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Boston, MA, 58(2): 154-172. Chandrasekar, A, Philbrick, C.R., Clark, R.D., Doddridge, B.G. and Georgopoulos, P.G., 2003, Evaluating the performance of a computationally efficient MM5/CALMET system for developing wind field inputs to air quality models, Atmospheric Environment, 37, 3267-3276. Chandrasekar, A., Philbrick, C.R., Doddridge, B.G., Clark, R.D. and Georgopoulos P.G., 2004, A comparative study of prognostic MM5 meteorological modeling with aircraft, wind profiler, LIDAR, tethered balloon and RASS data over Philadelphia during a 1999 summer episode, Environmental Fluid Mechanics 4, 339-365. Chang, Dyi-Huey -- Le, Jiang -- Islam, Shafiqul, 2000: Issues of soil moisture coupling in MM5: simulation of the diurnal cycle over the FIFE area. Journal of Hydrometeorology, Boston, MA, 1(6): 477-490. Chatfield, R.B., John A. Vastano, H.B. Singh, and G. Sachse, A general model of how fire emissions and chemistry produce African / Oceanic plumes (O3, CO, PAN, Smoke) seen in TRACE-A, revised for JGR (Atmospheres), 1996. Chatfield, R. B., Vastano, J. A., Li, L., Sachse, G. W., Connors, V. S., 1999: The Great African Plume from biomass burning: generalizations from a three-dimensional study of TRACE A carbon monoxide. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(D21), 28059-28077. Chen, C., C.H. Bishop, G.S. Lai, and W.-K. Tao: Numerical simulations of an observed narrow cold-frontal rainband. Mon. Wea. Rev. 125, 1027-1045. Chen, C., W.-K. Tao, P.-L. Lin, G.S. Lai, S.-F. Tseng and T.-C. Chen Wang, 1998: The intensification of the low-level jet during the development of mesoscale convective systems on a Mei-Yu front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 349-371. Chen, Chia-Rong -- Lamb, Peter J., 1997: Improved treatment of surface evapotranspiration in a mesoscale numerical model. Part I: Via the installation of the Penman-Monteith method. TAO, Taiwan, 8(4), 481-508. Chen, Chia-Rong -- Lamb, Peter J., 2000: Improved treatment of surface evapotranspiration in a mesoscale numerical model. Part II: Via the assimilation of satellite measurements. TAO, Taiwan, Republic of China, 11(4): 789-832. Chen, F., and J. Dudhia, 2001: Coupling an advanced land-surface/hydrology model with the Penn State/NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 569-585. Chen, F., and J. Dudhia, 2001: Coupling an advanced land-surface/hydrology model with the Penn State/NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part II: Preliminary Model validation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 587-604. Chen, F., T. Warner and K. Manning, 2001: Sensitivity of orographic moist convection to landscape variability: A study of the Buffalo Creek, Colorado, flash flood case of 1996. J. Atmos. Sci., (in press). Chen, S.S., and W.M. Frank, 1993: A numerical study of the genesis of extratropical mesovortices. Part I: Evolution and dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2401-2426. Chen, S.-J., Y.-H. Kuo, W. Wang, Z.-Y. Tao, B. Cui, 1998: A modeling case study of heavy rainstorm along the Mei-Yu front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2230-2351. Chen, S.-J. Lee, D.-K. Tao, Z.-Y. Kuo, Y.-H., 1999: Mesoscale convective system over the Yellow Sea--a numerical case study. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 70(3-4): 185-199. Chen, S.-J., W. Wang, K.-H. Lau, Q.-H. Zhang, and S.-Y. Chung, 2000: Mesoscale convective system along the Mei-Yu front in a numerical model. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 75, 149-160. Chen, Y.-L., X.-A. Chen, S. Chen, and Y.-H. Kuo, 1997: A numerical study of the low-level jet during TAMEX IOP 5. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2583-2604. Chen, Y.-L., and J.-H. Feng, 2001: Numerical simulation of airflow and cloud distributions over the windward side of the Island of Hawaii. Part I: The effects of trade wind inversion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1117-1134. Chen, Y.-S., and M. K. Yau, 2001: Spiral bands in a simulated hurricane. Part I: Vortex Rossby wave verification. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2128-2145. Cheng, L., and Y.-H. Kuo, 1988: The diagnosis of vorticity sources for the origin and development of the SW vortex during Sichuan heavy rainfall July 11-15, 1981. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 12, 25-37. Cheng, L. and Y.-H. Kuo, 1992: Mesoscale numerical simulation of the influence of PBL parameterization and moist process on development of a shear-line vortex. To be published in Chinese J. Atmos. Sci.. Cheng, Linsheng, and Liu, Chuntao, 1996: Mesoscale numerical experiments of developing mechanism for the ``93.5'' black storm and parameterization of sand-dust transport. Hydrometeorology and Ecology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 4, 55-72. Chien, F.-C., C. F. Mass, and Y.-H. Kuo, 1997: Interaction of a warm-season frontal system with the coastal mountains of the western United States. Part I: Prefrontal onshore push, coastal ridging, and alongshore southerlies. MWR, 125, 1705-1729. Chien, F.-C., and C. F. Mass, 1997: Interaction of a warm-season frontal system with the coastal mountains of the western United States. Part II: Evolution of a Puget Sound convergence zone. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1730-1752. Chien, F.-C., C. F. Mass, and P. J. Neiman, 2001: An observational and numerical study of an intense landfalling cold front along the northwest coast of the United States during COAST IOP 2. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 934-955. Clark, H. E., and R. P. James, 2002: Reexamination of the mechanisms responsible for banded precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 3074-3086. Cho, Sen, Huang, Ching-Yuang, and Kuo, Ying-Hwa, 1996: MM5 numerical simulation of Dot typhoon. Atmospheric Sciences, Taiwan, Republic of China, 24(1), 123-144. Chow, K. C., K. L. Chan, and A. K. H. Lau, 2002: Generation of moving spiral bands in tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2930-2950. Chock, D. P., and Y.-H. Kuo, 1990: Comparison of wind-field models using the CAPTEX data. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 76-91. Chu, P.C., S.H. Lu, and Y.C. Chen, 1999: A coastal atmosphere-ocean coupled system (CAOCS) evaluated using an airborne expandable bathythermograph survey in the South China Sea, May 1995. Journal of Oceanography, 55, 543-558. Chuang, Hui-Ya, and P. J. Sousounis, 2000: A technique for generating idealized initial and boundary conditions for the PSU-NCAR Model MM5. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2875-2882. Civerolo, K. L. -- Sistla, G. -- Rao, S. T. -- Nowak, D. J., 2000: Atmospheric Environment, Oxford, England, 34(10): 1615-1621. Cohen, C. and W.M. Frank, 1987: Simulation of tropical convective systems, Part II: Simulations of slowly moving cloud lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3800-3820. Cohen, C. And W.M. Frank, 1989: A numerical study of lapse-rate adjustments in the tropical atmosphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1889-1903. Cohen, C., 2002: A comparsion of cumulus parameterizations in idealized sea-breeze simulations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2554-2571. Colle and Mass, 1994: The Structure and Evolution of Cold Surges East of the Rocky Mountains, Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2577-2610. Colle, B. A. and C. F. Mass, 1996: An observational and modeling study of the interaction of low-level southwesterly flow with the Olympic Mountains during COAST IOP 4. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2152-2175. Colle, B. A., and C. F. Mass, 1998: Windstorms along the western side of the Washington Cascade Mountains, part I: an observational and modeling study of the 12 February 1995 event. Mon. Wea. Rev. 126, 28-52. Colle, B. A., and C. F. Mass, 1998: Windstorms along the western side of the Washington Cascade Mountains, part II: characteristics of past events and three-dimensional idealized simulations. Mon. Wea. Rev. 126, 53-71. Colle, B. A., C. F. Mass, and B. F. Smull, 1999: An observational and numerical study of a cold front interacting with the Olympic Mountains during COAST IOP 5. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1310-1334. Colle, B. A. K. J. Westrick, and C. F. Mass, 1999: Evaluation of MM5 and Eta-10 precipitation forecasts over the Pacific Northwest during the cool season. Wea. Forecasting, 14, 137-154. Colle, B. A., and C. F. Mass, 2000: The 5-9 February 1996 flooding event over the Pacific Northwest: sensitivity studies and evaluation of the MM5 precipitation forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev, 128, 593-617. Colle, B. A., and C. F. Mass, 2000: High resolution observations of easterly gap flow through the Strait of Juan de Fuca on 9-10 December 1995. Mon. Wea. Rev. 2398-2422. Colle, B. A., C. F. Mass, and K. J. Westrick, 2000: MM5 precipitation verification over the Pacific northwest during the 1997-99 cool seasons. Weather and Forecasting, Boston, MA, 15(6): 730-744. Colle, B. A., C. F. Mass, and D. Ovens, 2001: Evaluation of the timing and strength of MM5 and Eta surface trough passages over the Eastern Pacific. Weather and Forecasting, Boston, MA, 16(5): 553-572. Colle, B. A., B. F. Smull, and Ming-Jen Yang, 2002: Numerical simulations of a landfalling cold front observed during COAST: Rapid evolution and responsible mechnisms. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1945-1966. Coniglio, M. C., and D. J. Stensrud, 2001: Simulation of a progressive Derecho using composite initial conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1593-1616. Cox, Robert, Bauer, Bruce L., and Smith, Thomas, 1998: A mesoscale model intercomparison. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79(2): 265-283. Cortinas, J.V., Jr., and D. J. Stensrud, 1995: The importance of understanding mesoscale model parameterization schemes for weather forecasting. Wea. and Forecasting, 10, 716-740. Cui, Bo, Wang, Jianjie, Guo, Xiaorong, 1999: Real-time forecast experiments using MM5 in National Meteorological Center. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, Beijing, China, 10(2), 129-140. Cui, Chunguang -- Fang, Chunhua -- Hu, Bowei -- Wang, Zhong, 2000: Numerical simulation of the topographic effects on torrential rain with south west China vortex. Meteorological Monthly, Beijing, China, 26(8): 14-18.
DDang, Guixia, Renqing -- Ge, Wenzhong, 1999: The use of radar data in the numerical simulation of heavy rainfalls in the Changjiang-Huaihe River basin. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, Guangzhou, China, 15(4): 356-362. Davis, C. A., M. T. Stoelinga and Y.-H. Kuo, 1993: The integrated effect of condensation in numerical simulations of extratropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., vol. 121, 2309-2330. Davis, C. A., 1995: Observations and modeling of a mesoscale cold surge during WISPIT, Mon. Wea. Rev. 123(6): 1762-1780. Davis, C. A., E. D. Grell and M. A. Shapiro, 1996: The balanced nature of a rapidly intensifying oceanic cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev. 124, 3-25. Davis, C. A., T. Warner, J. Bowers and E. Astling, 1999: Development and application of an operational, relocatable mesogamma-scale weather analysis and forecast system. Tellus, 51A, 710-727. Davis, C. A., S. Low-Nam and C. F. Mass, 2000: Dynamics of a Catalina eddy revealed by numerical simulation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 2885-2904. Davis, C. A., and L. F. Bosart, 2001: Numerical simulations of the genesis of hurricane Diana (1984): Part I: Control simulation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 129, 1859-1881. Davis, C. A., and S. B. Trier, 2002: Cloud-resolving simulations of mesoscale vortex intensification and its effect on a serial mesoscale convective system. Mon. Wea. Rev. 130, 2839-2858. Deng, A, N.L. Seaman and J.S. Kain, 2000: A shallow-convection parameterization for mesoscale models Part I: Sub-model description and preliminary applications. Submitted to J. Atmos. Sci.. Deng, Xuejiao, Li, Xingsheng, and Xu, Xiaojin, 1994: A study of 1.5-order closure turbulence model. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, Beijing, China, 8(3): 305-315. Diallo, N.T. and W.M. Frank, 1986: Effects of enhanced initial moisture fields on simulated rainfall over West Africa and the East Atlantic. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1811-1821. Dickinson R. E., R. M. Errico, F. Giorgi, and G. T. Bates, 1989:A regional climate model for the western united states. Clim. Change, 15, 383-422. Dong, Haiping -- Wei, Shaoyuan -- Pan, Xiaobin -- He, Homgrang,
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Dornbrack, Andreas, Martin Leutbecher, Rigel Kivi, and Esko Kyro,
1999: Mountain-wave-induced record low stratospheric temperatures
above northern Scandinavia. Tellus, 51A, 951--963.
Dornbrack, Andreas, Martin Leutbecher, Jens Reichardt, Andreas
Behrendt, Klaus-Peter Muller and Gerd Baumgarten, 2001: Relevance
of mountain wave cooling for the formation of polar stratospheric
clouds over Scandinavia: Mesoscale dynamics and observations for
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Douglas, S.G. and T.T. Warner, 1987: Incorporation of VAS satellite
data in the initialization of a mesoscale model: An oceanic-cyclogenesis
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Doyle, J.D. and T.T. Warner, 1990: Mesoscale coastal processes
during GALE IOP 2. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 283-308.
Doyle, J.D. and T.T. Warner, 1993: The impact of the sea surface
temperature resolution on mesoscale coastal processes during GALE
IOP 2. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 313-334.
Doyle, J.D. and T.T. Warner, 1993: A three-dimensional numerical
investigation of a Carolina coastal low-level jet during GALE IOP
2. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1030-1047.
Doyle, J.D. and T.T. Warner, 1993: A numerical investigation of
coastal frontogenesis and mesoscale cyclogenesis during GALE IOP
2. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1048-1077.
Doyle, J.D. and T.T. Warner, 1993: Nonhydrostatic simulations
of coastal mesobeta-scale vortices and frontogenesis. Mon. Wea.
Rev., 121, 3371-3392.
Doyle, J. D., D. R. Durran, C. Chen, B. A. Colle, M. Georgelin,
V. Grubisic, W. R. Hsu, C. Y. Huang, D. Landau, Y. L. Lin, G. S.
Poulos, W. Y. Sun, D. B. Weber, M. G. Wurtele, and M. Xue, 2000:
An intercomparison of model predicted wave breaking for the 11 January
1972 Boulder windstorm. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 901-914.
Du, Jun, Mullen, Steven L., and Sanders, Frederick, 1997: Short-range
ensemble forecasting of quantitative precipitation. Monthly Weather
Review, Boston, MA, 125(10), 2427-245.
Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during
the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional
model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107.
Dudhia, J., 1993: A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State/NCAR
mesoscale model: Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic
cyclone and clod front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1493-1513.
Dudhia, J., 1995: Reply to comment on "A nonhydrostatic version
of the Penn State / NCAR mesoscale model: Validation tests and simulations
of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front" by J. Steppeler. Mon. Wea.
Rev., 123, 2573--2575.
Dudhia, J., and J. F. Bresch, 2002: A global version of the PSU-NCAR
mesoscale model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2989-3007.
Ebel, A., H. Hass, H. J. Jakobs, M. Laube, M. Memmeshiemer, A.
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