Namelist Variables

The following tables provide namelist.input variable options and descriptions. Not all namelist parameters require an entry for each domain, and doing so can cause an error during processing. In the tables provided, note whether variables are a “single entry” or “max_dom” entry, where “max_dom” indicates a value is expected for each domain. See the following resources for additional details and recommendations:

  • WRF/Registry/ files

  • WRF/run/README.namelist (or WRF/test/em_real/README.namelist)

  • WRF/test/em_real/examples.namelist



&time_control


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

run_days
run_hours
run_minutes
run_seconds

0

Simulation length in days, hours, minutes, and seconds; Use any combination of run_* settings to obtain the full desired simulation length. run_* parameters take precedence over start_* and end_* times when running wrf.exe; real.exe does not use run_* settings

Single entry


In the following section:

  • start_* times name the first wrfout file and control the start time for restarts.

  • start_* and end_* times control the start and end time for all domains.

  • start_* and end_* times are used by real.exe.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

start_year

2019

4 digit year of starting time

max_dom

start_month

9

2 digit month of starting time

max_dom

start_day

4

2 digit day of starting time

max_dom

start_hour

12

2 digit hour of starting time

max_dom

start_minute

0

2 digit minute of starting time

max_dom

start_second

0

2 digit second of starting time

max_dom

end_year

2019

4 digit year of starting time

max_dom

end_month

9

2 digit month of starting time

max_dom

end_day

6

2 digit day of starting time

max_dom

end_hour

0

2 digit hour of starting time

max_dom

end_minute

0

2 digit minute of starting time

max_dom

end_second

0

2 digit second of starting time

max_dom


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

interval_seconds

10800

time interval between incoming data from WPS, which is the interval (secs) between times in the lateral boundary condition file; em_real only

single entry

input_from_file

.true.

whether to use input files for nest domains

max_dom

fine_input_stream

0

option to select fields to use from nest input for initialization;
= 0 : all fields are used
= 2 : only input specified from input stream 2 (defined in Registry) are used for nests; must set io_form_auxinput2

max_dom

history_interval

60

Frequency (in simulation minutes) that data are written/recorded to history output file(s) (wrfout_d0); can also use history_interval_d, history_interval_h, history_interval_m, history_interval_s, alternatively to set the frequency in days, hours, mins, secs, respectfully

max_dom

history_begin

0

Number of mins from the start of the run in which the history output file (wrfout) is written; can also use history_begin_d, history_begin_h, history_begin_m, history_begin_s alternatively to set the frequency in days, hours, mins, secs, respectfully

max_dom

frames_per_outfile

1

number of history output times bulked into each history file; used to split output files into smaller pieces

max_dom

restart

.false.

whether this run is a restart simulation

single entry

restart_interval

1440

restart output file interval in minutes

single entry

override_restart_intervals

.false.

.false. : uses all output intervals (including history) given by the wrfrst file;
.true. : uses restart output intervals given by namelist

single entry

write_hist_at_0h_rst

.false.

.false. = no history file written at restart initial time (prevents overwriting original history file at this time);
.true. = history file written at the intial time of the restart

single entry

output_ready_flag

.true.

tells the model to write out an empty file with the name “wrfoutReady_d<domain>;” useful in production runs so post-processing code can check on run completeness, using this file

single entry

force_use_old_data

.false.

.false. = model stops when it detects input data prior to version 4;
.true. = allow input data prior to V4

single entry

reset_simulation_start

.false.

whether to overwrite the simulation start date with the forecast start time

single entry

auxinput1_inname

met_em.d<domain>.<date>

name of input file from WPS; only necessary if not using the default file names

single entry

auxinput4_inname

wrflowinp_d<domain>

name of input file for lower boundary file; created by real.exe when sst_update=1

single entry

auxinput4_interval

360

interval in mins for lower boundary file; only used when sst_update=1

max_dom

io_form_auxinput4

2

I/O format for wrflowinp files; only used when sst_update=1 (2 = netCDF)

single entry

io_form_history

2

I/O format of history output file(s);

=2 : netCDF
=102 : split netCDF files, one per processor; must restart with same number of processors
= 1 : binary format; note: no supported post-processing software available
= 4 : PHDF5; note: no supported post-processing software available
= 5 : GRIB1
= 10 : GRIB2
= 11 : parallel netCDF

single entry

io_form_restart

2

I/O format of restart output files (wrfrst);

=2 : netCDF
=11 : parallel netCDF
=102 : split netCDF files, one per processor; must restart with the same number of processors

single entry

io_form_input

2

I/O format of input (met_em) files;

=2 : netCDF
=11 : parallel netCDF
=102 : split netCDF files, allows real.exe to read-in split met_em files, and write split wrfinput files

single entry

io_form_boundary

2

I/O format of the wrfbdy file;

=2 : netCDF
=4 : PHDF5; note: no supported post-processing software available
=5 : GRIB1
=10 : GRIB2
= 11 : parallel netCDF

single entry

ncd_nofill

.true.

when set to .true. only gives a single “write” as opposed to “write/read/write” sequence; could potentially improve I/O speed

single entry

io_form_auxinput2

2

IO format for input stream 2 data;

=2 : netCDF
=4 : PHD5
=5 : GRIB1
=10 : GRIB2
=11 : pnetCDF

single entry

diag_print

0

option to print out time series of model diagnostics;

=0 : no print
=1 : domain-averaged 3-hourly hydrostatic surface pressure tendency (Dpsfc/Dt), and dry-hydrostatic column pressure tendency (Dmu/Dt) added to standard output file
=2 : option 1, plus domain-averaged rainfall, sfc evaporation, and sensible and latent heat fluxes

single entry

debug_level

0

giving this a larger value (50, 200, etc.) increases debugging print-outs when running;

NOTE: removed from default namelists - rarely provides useful info and adds extra junk to standard error/output files, making them difficult to read and sometimes too large to write - causing runtime crashes

single entry

auxhist9_outname

auxhist9_d<domain>_<date>

file name for extra output when using auxhist9. Only the first part can be changed (e.g., “rainfall_d<domain>_<date>”)

single entry

auxhist9_interval

10

interval (in mins) for output when using auxhist9

max_dom

io_form_auxhist9

output file format when using auxhist9;

=2 : netCDF
=4 : PHD5
=5 : GRIB1
=10 : GRIB2
=11 : pnetCDF

single entry

frames_per_auxhist9

1000

how many history output times are in each auxhist9 output file

max_dom

auxinput11_interval

10

interval (mins) for obs nudging input; should be set at the same (or greater) frequency as “obs_ionf” (with the unit of coarse domain time step)

max_dom

auxinput11_end_h

6

end of the observation time (in hrs) when using obs nudging

max_dom

nocolons

.false.

set to .true. to replace colons with underscores in output file names

single entry

all_ic_times

.false.

set to .true. to output a “wrfinput” file for all time periods

single entry

adjust_output_times

.false.

adjust output times to the nearest hour

single entry

output_diagnostics

0

set to =1 to add 48 sfc diagnostic arrays (max/min/mean/std) in the specified time interval

single entry

nwp_diagnostics

0

set to =1 to add “history_interval” diagnostic fileds (10m wind sp, 2-5 km max helicity, max vert. velocity in updraft and downdraft below 400mb, 2-5 km mean vert. velocity, max column graupel; must also turn on “do_radar_ref”

single entry



3DVAR Applications

The following section is specific to the 3DVAR application.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

write_input

.false.

set to .true. to write input-formatted data as output for 3DVAR application

single entry

inputout_interval

0

interval (in mins) when using the “write_input” option

max_dom

input_outname

wrf_3dvar_input_d<domain>_<date>

output file name from 3DVAR

single entry

inputout_begin_y
inputout_begin_d
inputout_begin_h
inputout_begin_m
inputout_begin_s

0

beginning year, day, hour, minute, and second (respectively) to write 3DVAR data

max_dom

inputout_end_y
inputout_end_d
inputout_end_h
inputout_end_m
inputout_end_s

0

ending year, day, hour, minute, and second (respectively) to write 3DVAR data

max_dom



Vortex-following Applications

The following options are specific to the automatic moving nest application. WRF must have been compiled with nesting option 3=vortex following.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

input_from_hires

.false.

set to .true. to use high-resolution terrain and landuse in the nests; this requires special input data, and WRF must be compiled with environment variable setting TERRAIN_AND_LANDUSE

max_dom

rsmas_data_path

path-to-high-res-data-director

path the directory when the high-res data can be found

single entry



Run-time I/O Application

The following options are specific to the runtime I/O option.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

iofields_filename

my_iofields_list.txt

option to output additional variables, or remove variables from output; must create a text file (e.g., my_iofields_list.txt) in which variables to add/remove are declared

max_dom

ignore_iofields_warning

.true.

the model will continue if an error is encountered in the user-specified file above; set to .false. to abort the model if an error is encountered

single entry




&domains


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

time_step

time step for model integration seconds; No more than 6xDX in km

single entry

time_step_fract_num

0

numerator if using a fractional time step

single entry

time_step_fract_den

1

denominator if using a fractional time step; (e.g., if you want a time step of 60.3 secs, set time_step=60; time_step_fract_num=3; and time_step_fract_den=10)

single entry

time_step_dfi

time step when using “dfi_opt=1” (may be different than regular time step)

single entry

max_dom

1

the number of domains you are using in your simulation

single entry

s_we
s_sn
s_vert

1

start index in x (east-west), y (south- north), and z (vertical) directions, respectively. DO NOT change these values

max_dom

e_we
e_sn

32

end index in x (east-west), and y (south- north) direction, respectively; staggered dimension

max_dom

e_vert

31

end index in z (vertical) direction; staggered dimension for full levels (most variables are on unstaggered levels); vertical dimensions must be the same for all domains

max_dom

dx
dy

200

grid length (resolution) in the x and y directions (in meters)

single entry

ztop

15000

height (in meters) used to define model top for idealized cases

max_dom

grid_id

1

domain identifier

max_dom

parent_id

1

ID of the domain’s parent domain

max_dom

i_parent_start
j_parent_start

1

the starting lower left corner i-indice and j-indice of the nest within its parent domain

max_dom

parent_grid_ratio

1

parent-to-nest grid size ratio; recommend odd ratios (3:1 or 5:1); can be even if “feedback=0”

max_dom

parent_time_step_ratio

1

parent-to-nest time step ratio; typically the same as “parent_grid_ratio,” but it doesn’t have to be the same

max_dom

feedback

1

feedback data from nest to parent domain; set to =0 to turn off

single entry

smooth_option

2

smoothing option for parent domain; feedback must be turned on to use this option (feedback=1);

=0 : turned off
=1 : 1-2-1 smoothing
=2 : smoothing-desmoothing

single entry

hypsometric_opt

2

When set to =2, computes height in real.exe and pressure in the model by using the hypsometric equation (less biased when compared against input data); set to =1 to use a form of the hydrostatic equation that depends on air density

single entry

max_ts_locs

5

maximum number of time series locations when using the time series (tslist) option

single entry

max_ts_level

15

highest model level for profile output when using the time series option

single entry

wif_input_opt

0

option for additional data processing when using “mp_physics=28;”

=1 : to process the Water Ice Friendly Aerosol input from metgrid; see “run/README.namelist” for additional info
=2 : (new since V4.4) use black carbon aerosol category and its radiative effect. Must include file QNWFA_QNIFA _QNBCA_SIGMA_MONTHLY.dat during WPS

single entry

num_wif_levels

30

number of levels in the Thompson Water Ice Friendly Aerosols; use with “mp_physics=28;” see run/README.namelist for additional info

single entry


The following options are specific to running real.exe:

Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

num_metgrid_levels

27

number of vertical levels available in met_em* input; to check, use command ncdump -h met_em.d0* (using the full name of one of the met_em* files)

single entry

num_metgrid_soil_levels

4

number of soil levels or layers available in met_em* input; use the same command as above to check this value

single entry

eta_levels

(for example) 1.0, 0.99, …, 0.0

model eta levels from 1 to 0. If not specified real.exe provides a reasonable set of numbers

single entry

auto_levels_opt

2

option to determine how vertical levels are determined;

=1 : (older option) assumes a known first several layers, then generates equi-height spaced levels up to the model top
=2 : set “dzstretch_s,” “dzstretch_u,” “dzbot,” and “max_dz” to stretch levels according to logP, up to where it reaches max thickness (max_dz) and starting from thickness dzbot

single entry

max_dz

1000

max level thickness (in meters) allowed when “auto_levels_opt=2”

single entry

dzbot

50

thickness (in meters) of lowest layer when “auto_levels_opt=2”

single entry

dzstretch_s

1.3

surface stretch factor when using “auto_levels_opt=2”

single entry

dzstretch_u

1.1

upper stretch factor when using “auto_levels_opt=2”

single entry

ideal_init_method

1

method to compute albedo for idealized cases (in start_em.F file);

=1 : albedo from phb
=2 : albedo from t_init

single entry

interp_method_type

2

horizontal interpolation method, coarse grid to fine grid; note: for all options (except option 2), the fine-grid lateral boundaries use the same horizontal scheme for lateral BC computations;

=1 : bi-linear
=2: Smolarkiewicz (SINT) method; note, this is the default method, but can break with implementation inside WRF for large refinement ratios (e.g., 15:1) - use other options for those extreme/rare occurrences
=3 : nearest-neighbor; only use for testing
=4 : overlapping quadratic
=12 : uses SINT, and same scheme for computation of fine-grid lateral boundaries; only use for testing

single entry



Vertical Interpolation

The following options are specific to vertical interpolation.

Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

force_sfc_in_vinterp

1

use the sfc level as the lower boundary when interpolating through the set value number of eta levels;

=0 : perform traditional trapping interpolation
=n : first “n” eta levels directly use sfc level

single entry

maxw_horiz_pres_diff

5000

pressure threshold (Pa); for using level of max winds when pressure difference between neighboring values exceeds this maximum, the variable is NOT inserted into the column for vertical interpolation; real-data simulations only

single entry

trop_horiz_press_diff

5000

pressure threshold (Pa); for using the tropopause level when pressure difference between neighboring values exceeds this maximum, the variable is NOT inserted into the column for vertical interpolation; real-data simulations only

single entry

maxw_above_this_level

30000

minimum pressure level (Pa) to allow using the level of max wind information in real; e.g., if setting this to 3000 (i.e., 300 hPa), a max wind value at 500 hPa is ignored; real-data simulations only

single entry

use_trop_level

0

set to =1 for the same as above, but with tropopause level data

single entry

interp_theta

.false.

which temperature variable to vertically interpolate;

=.false. : vertically interpolates temp (which may reduce bias when compared with input data)
=.true. : vertically interpolates potential temperature

single entry

p_top_requested

5000

pressure top (in Pa) to use in the model; this level must be available in WPS data

single entry

interp_type

2

type of vertical interpolation;

=1 : vertical interpolation is linear in pressure
=2 : vertical interpolation is linear in log(pressure)

single entry

extrap_type

2

type of vertical extrapolation for non- temperature variables;

=1 : using the two lowest levels
=2 : using the lowest level as a constant below ground

single entry

t_extrap_type

2

type of vertical extrapolation for potential temperature;

=1 : isothermal
=2 : -6.5 K/km lapse rate for temp
=3 : constant theta

single entry

use_levels_below_ground

.true.

whether to use levels below input sfc level for vertical interpolation;

=.true. : use input isobaric levels below input surface
=.false. : extrapolate when WRF location is below input surface level

single entry

use_surface

.true.

use input sfc level data in vertical interpolation

single entry

lagrange_order

2

type of vertical interpolation order;

=1 : linear
=2 : quadratic
=9 : cubic spline

single entry

zap_close_levels

500

ignore isobaric levels above sfc if delta p (Pa) < “zap_close_levels”

single entry

lowest_lev_from_sfc

.false.

how to interpolate eta levels;

=.true. : use sfc values for lowest eta (u,v,t,q)
=.false.: use traditional interpolation

single entry

sfcp_to_sfcp

.false.

set to =.true. to compute model’s sfc pressure when incoming data only has sfc pressure and terrain, but not sea-level pressure

single entry

use_tavg_for_tsk

.false.

uses diurnally-averaged sfc temp (can be computed using WPS utility “avg_tsfc.exe”) as skin temp; can use when SKINTEMP is not present

single entry

rh2qv_wrt_liquid

.true.

computes qv with respect to liquid water; set to .false. to compute with respect to ice

single entry

rh2qv_method

1

method for computing mixing ratio from relative humidity (RH);

=1 : old MM5 method
=2 : WMO-recommended method (WMO- No. 49, corrigendum, August 2000)

single entry

use_sh_qv

.false.

set to =.true. to use specific humidity and mixing ratio data from input - recommended if input data has high vertical resolution

single entry

smooth_cg_topo

.false.

set to =.true. to smooth the outer rows and columns of the domain 1 topography with respect to the input data

single entry

vert_refine_fact

1

vertical refinement factor for ndown; not used for concurrent vertical grid refinement;

=1 : same number of vertical levels as the coarse domain
=2 : double the vertical resolution
=n : etc.

single entry

vert_refine_method

0

vertical refinement method;

=0 : no vertical refinement
=1 : integer vertical refinement
=2 : use specified or computed eta levels for vertical refinement

max_dom



Preset Moving Nest Application

The following options are specific to the Preset Moving Nest option. To use these options, the model must be compiled with nesting option 2=preset-moves.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

num_moves

0

total number of moves for all domains

single entry

move_id

(for example)
2, 2

a list of the nest domain ID for each move

max moves

move_interval

(for example)
60, 120

time (in mins) since the nest simulation began (for each domain)

max moves

move_cd_x
move_cd_y

(for example)
1, -1

the number of parent domain grid cells to move in the i and j directions (respectfully)

max moves



Vortex-following Application

The following options are specific to the Automatic Moving Nest option. To use these options, the model must be compiled with nesting option 3=vortex-following.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

vortex_interval

15

how often the new vortex position is computed (in mins)

max_dom

max_vortex_speed

40

used to compute the search radius for the new vortex position (in m/s)

max_dom

corral_dist

8

how close (in number of grid cells) the moving nest is allowed to get to the coarse grid boundary, before the coarse grid moves

mmax_dom

track_level

50000

pressure level value (in Pa) at which the tropical storm vortex is tracked

single entry

time_to_move

0

time (in mins) to start moving the nest

max_dom



Adaptive Time Step

The following options are specific to the Adaptive Time Step option.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

use_adaptive_time_step

.false.

set to =.true. to turn on adaptive time step

single entry

step_to_output_time

.true.

adjusts the time step so the exact history time is reached

single entry

target_cfl

1.2

if vertical CFL <= to this value suggests no need to reduce the time step, and therefore the time step is increased

max_dom

target_hcfl

0.84

if horizontal CFL <= to this value suggests no need to reduce the time step, and therefore the time step is increased

max_dom

max_step_increase_pct

5

percentage of the previous time step to increase; if the max(vert CFL, horiz CFL) <= target_cfl, then the time step will increase by this percentage; use something much larger for nests (e.g. = 5, 51, 51)

max_dom

starting_time_step

-1

any positive integer specifies the starting time_step (in seconds); the default value (-1) indicates 4*DX is used as the starting time step; note: when “use_adaptive_time_step=.true.,” the value specified for “time_step” is ignored

max_dom

starting_time_step_den

0

denominator for “starting_time_step” in the case that a fractional time step is needed

max_dom

max_time_step

-1

any positive integer specifies the maximum time_step (in seconds) that will ever be used during the simulation; the default value (-1) indicates 8*DX is used as the maximum time step

max_dom

max_time_step_den

0

denominator for “max_time_step” in the case that a fractional time step is needed

max_dom

min_time_step

-1

any positive integer specifies the minimum time_step (in seconds) that will ever be used during the simulation; the default value (-1) indicates 3*DX is used as the minimum time step

max_dom

min_time_step_den

0

denominator for “min_time_step” in the case that a fractional time step is needed

max_dom

adaptation_domain

1

specifies which domain to use to drive adaptive time stepping

single entry



Parallel Computing

The following options are specific to controlling parallel computing.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

tile_sz_x
tile_sz_y

0

number of points in the x and y directions for OpenMP processing

single entry

numtiles

1

number of tiles per patch (an alternative option to “tile_sz_x” and “tile_sz_y”) for OpenMP processing

single entry

nproc_x nproc_y

-1

number of processors in the x and y directions for decomposition when using MPI processing; default value of -1 = turned off - code will use automatic decomposition

single entry



3D Ocean Model

The following options are specific to using the 3D Ocean Model. sf_ocean_physics must be turned on in the &physics namelist record to apply these options.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

ocean_levels

30

number of ocean levels

single entry

ocean_z

vertical profile of layer depths for the ocean (in meters); for e.g., if “ocean_levels=30,” “ocean_z” should have 30 settings; see run/README.namelist for details

max ocean_levels

ocean_t

vertical profile of ocean temps (in K); for e.g., if “ocean_levels=30,” “ocean_t” should have 30 settings; see run/README.namelist for details

max ocean_levels

ocean_s

vertical profile of ocean salinity; for e.g., if “ocean_levels=30,” “ocean_s” should have 30 settings; see run/README.namelist for details

max ocean_levels




&physics


Microphysics

For specifics and detailed descriptions of the following Microphysics options, see WRF Physics/Microphysics.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

mp_physics

microphysics setting; all domains should be set to the same value;

=0 : no microphysics
=1 : Kessler scheme
=2 : Purdue Lin scheme
=3 : WSM 3-class ice scheme
=4 : WSM 5-class scheme
=5 : Ferrier (Eta) scheme
=6 : WSM 6-class graupel scheme
=7 : Goddard 4-ice scheme; also uses “gsfcgce_hail” and “gsfcgce_2ice”
=8 : Thompson graupel scheme
=9 : Milbrandt-Yau 2-moment scheme
=10 : Morrison 2-moment
=11 : CAM 5.1 5-class
=13 : SBU_YLin 5-class
=14 : WDM 5-class
=15 : High-res Ferrier with advection
=16 : WDM 6-class
=18 : NSSL 2-moment 4-ice with predicted (unactivated) CCN (or activated CCN); to change global value, use “nssl_cccn=0.7e9;” CCN (#/m^3 at sea level pressure) for NSSL scheme, or “nssl_ccn_on=1”; also sets “ccn_conc” for mp_physics=18; see WRF/doc/README.NSSLmp for details
=24 : WSM7; like WSM6, but with hail
=26 : WDM7; like WDM6, but with hail
=28 : aerosol-aware Thompson with water- and ice-friendly aerosol climatology; option to also set climatological aerosol input option “use_aero_icbs” - default is .false., (use constant values); set to .true. to use input from WPS
=30 : HUJI spectral bin, fast version
=38 : Thompson hail/graupel/aerosol
=40 : Morrison double-moment with CESM aerosol (must be used with MSKF cumulus scheme)
=50 : P3 1-ice category, 1-moment cloud water
=51 : P3 1-ice category, 2-moment cloud water
=52 : P3 2-ice categories, 2-moment cloud water
=53 : P3 1-ice category, 3-moment ice, 2-moment cloud water; new since V4.3
=55 : Jensen ISHMAEL; new since V4.1
=56 : NTU multi-moment; new since V4.3

max_dom

do_radar_ref

0

set to =1 to allow radar reflectivity to be computed using mp-scheme-specific parameters; only works for mp_physics= 2,4,6,7,8,10,14,16,24,26; note that this option is automatically turned on (=1) when mp_physics=9 or 18, and when nwp_diagnostics=1

single input

mp_zero_out

0

set to =1 to keep moisture variables above a threshold value >=0; an alternative (and better) method to keep moisture variables positive is to use the “moist_adv_opt;”

=0 : no action/adjustment to moisture fields
=1 : except for Qv, all moisture arrays are set to zero if they fall below the “mp_zero_out_thresh” value (moist array only)
=2 : Qv and all other moisture arrays set to zero if they fall below “mp_zero_out_thresh” value (moist array only)

single input

mp_zero_out_thresh

1.e-8

critical value for moisture variable threshold below which moisture arrays (except Qv) are set to zero when using “mp_zero_out”; unit: kg/kg

single input

mp_zero_out_all

0

if =1 and mp_zero_out >0, then reproduce old behavior and apply threshold to scalar, chem, and tracer arrays

single entry

mp_tend_lim

10

limit on temperature tendency from microphysics latent heating when radar data assimilation is used

single input

ccn_conc

1.00E+08

CCN concentrations; used by WDM microphysics schemes; set automatically when mp_physics=18, with nssl_ccn

single input

hail_opt

0

hail/graupel switch for WSM6 and WDM6 microphysics schemes (options 6 and 16);

=0 : graupel
=1 : hail

single input

morr_rimed_ice

1

hail/graupel switch for Morrison microphysics schemes (options 10 and 40);

=0 : graupel
=1 : hail

single input

clean_atm_diag

0

set to =1 to turn on clean sky diagnostics; for WRF-Chem

single input

acc_phy_tend

0

set to =1 to output 16 accumulated physics tendencies for potential temperature, water vapor mixing ratio, and u/v wind components; new since V4.4

max_dom

progn

0

set to =1 to use mix-activate scheme; only works with mp_physics=10,14,16,18

max_dom

no_mp_heating

0

set to =1 to turn on latent heating from a microphysics scheme

single entry

use_mp_re

1

when using RRTMG radiation, use effective radii computed in microphysics schemes; only works with mp_physics=3,4,6,7,8,10,14,16,18,24,26,28,50-53,55

single entry

dust_emis

0

set to =1 to turn on surface dust emission scheme to enter “mp_physics=28” QNIFA (ice-friendly aerosol variable)

single entry

erosion_dim

3

includes erodibility information when using dust_emis=1

single entry

write_thompson_mp38table

.false.

set to =.true. to compute file qr_acr_qg_mp38V1.dat instead of using the downloaded version

single entry


NSSL 1-moment scheme

The following settings are for the NSSL 1-moment microphysics scheme. For the 1- and 2-moment schemes, the shape parameters for graupel and hail can also be set.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

nssl_alphah

0

shape parameter for graupel

max_dom

nssl_alphahl

1

shape parameter for hail

max_dom

nssl_cnoh

4.e5

graupel intercept

max_dom

nssl_cnohl

4.e4

hail intercept

max_dom

nssl_cnor

8.e5

rain intercept

max_dom

nssl_cnos

3.e6

snow intercept

max_dom

nssl_rho_qh

500

graupel density

max_dom

nssl_rho_ghl

900

hail density

max_dom

nssl_rho_qs

100

snow density

max_dom


Morrison-CESM Microphysics

The following options are specific to the Morrison+CESM microphysics scheme (mp_physics=40).


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

aercu_opt

0

option to control aerosol interaction;

=0 : no aerosol interaction
=1 : aerosol interaction with only MSKF
=2 : aerosol interaction with both MSKF and Morrison

Both options require the CESM_RCP4.5_Aerosol_Data.dat file - once downloaded and unpacked, link or copy either of the two files to ‘CESM_RCP4.5_Aerosol_Data.dat in the running directory prior to running wrf.exe

single entry

aercu_fct

1.0

factor to multiply with aerosol amount

single entry

no_src_types_cu

1

number of aerosol species in global aerosol data (10 for CESM input); value is set automatically

single entry

alevsiz_cu

1

number of levels in global aerosol data (30 for CESM input); value is set automatically

single entry



Radiation Physics

For specifics and detailed descriptions of the following Radiation options, see Physics/Radiation


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

ra_lw_physics

-1

longwave radiation option; all domains should be set to the same value;

=0 : no longwave radiation
=1 : RRTM
=3 : CAM; if using restarts, they must be at 6-hourly intervals; must set levsiz, paerlev, and cam_abs_dim1/2
=4 : RRTMG
=5 : Goddard; updated in V4.1
=7 : FLG (UCLA)
=14 : RRTMG-K; to use this option, WRF must be compiled with configuration setting “-DBUILD_RRTMK = 1” (modify in configure.wrf)
=24 : fast RRTMG for GPU and MIC
=31 : Earth Held-Suarez forcing
=99 : GFDL (Eta); semi-supported; must use co2tf=1

max_dom

ra_sw_physics

-1

shortwave radiation option; all domains should be set to the same value;

=0 : no shortwave radiation
=1 : Dudhia; must use a ptop > 50mb
=2 : old Goddard
=3 : CAM; if using restarts, they must be at 6-hourly intervals; must set levsiz, paerlev, and cam_abs_dim1/2
=4 : RRTMG
=5 : Goddard; updated in V4.1
=7 : FLG (UCLA)
=14 : RRTMG-K; to use this option, WRF must be compiled with configuration setting “-DBUILD_RRTMK = 1” (modify in configure.wrf)
=24 : fast RRTMG for GPU and MIC
=31 : Earth Held-Suarez forcing
=99 : GFDL (Eta); semi-supported; must use co2tf=1

max_dom

radt

0

minutes between radiation physics calls; recommend 1 minute per km of dx (e.g., set to 10 for a 10 km grid); set to the same value for all domains

max_dom

swint_opt

0

interpolation options for shortwave radiation;

=0 : off
=1 : turn on interpolation of shortwave radiation based on the updated solar zenith angle between radiation calls
=2 : activates FARMS to allow simulation of the broadband solar radiation model every time step

single entry

couple_farms

.false.

set to =.true. to use FARMS shortwave radiation to drive the LSM; when set to .false., uses shortwave radiation from ra_sw_physics

single entry

ra_call_offset

0

set to =1 to turn on radiation offset to call radiation just before output time, instead of after output time

single entry

co2tf

1

CO2 transmission function flag for GFDL radiation only, which allows generation of CO2 function internally

single entry

cldovrlp

2

cloud overlapping option for RRTMG radiation;

=1 : random
=2 : maximum random
=3 : maximum
=4 : exponential
=5 : exponential-random; new since V4.4

single entry

idcor

0

decorrelation length flag for use with “cldovrlp=4 or 5;” new since V4.4;

=0 : constant decorrelation length 2500 m
=1 : latitude-varying decorrelation length

single entry

ra_sw_eclipse

0

set to =1 to turn on eclipse effect on shortwave radiation; only works with RRTMG, Goddard, old Goddard, and Dudhia radiation schemes

single entry

ghg_input

1

option to read CAMtr_volume_mixing_ratio files of greenhouse gas values; new since V4.4;

=0 : do not read in annual data; for constant values for backward compatibility (prior to V4.4)
=1 : read in time-dependent data for CO2, N2O, CH4, CFC11, and CFC12; default is SSP 2 with RCP 4.5 -> SSP245; only works with ra_lw_physics=1,2,4,24 and ra_sw_physics=3,4,24

single entry

03input

2

ozone input option for RRTMG radiation;

=0 : use the profile inside RRTMG scheme
=2 : use CAM ozone data (from “ozone.formatted” file found in run/ or test/em_real directory)

single entry

aer_opt

0

aerosol input option for RRTMG radiation;

=0 : off
=1: use Tegen (1997) climatology
=2 : use J. A. Ruiz-Arias method; see other “aer_*” options
=3 : use Thompson water/ice-friendly climatological aerosol

single entry

alevsiz

1

number of vertical levels in aerosol data; value is set automatically

single entry

no_src_types

1

number of aerosol species in Tegen global aerosol data; organic and black carbon, sea salt, sulfate, dust, and stratospheric aerosol (volcanic ash - currently 0); value is set automatically

single entry

use_rap_aero_icbc

.false.

set to =.true. to ingest real-time data containing aerosols; new since V4.4

single entry

qna_update

0

set to =1 to update time-varying surface aerosol emission from climatology or real-time data when using “mp_physics=28”; use with input file “wrfqnainp_d0”; must set auxinput17_interval and io_form_auxinput17; new since V4.4

single entry

wif_fire_emit

.false.

set to =.true. to include biomass burning organic and black carbon aerosols with “mp_physics=28;” new since V4.4

single entry

wif_fire_inj

1

turns on vertical distribution of biomass burning emissions when using “mp_physics=28;” new since V4.4

max_dom

icloud

1

cloud effect to the optical depth in radiation and controls the cloud fraction options; only works with ra_sw/lw_physics=1 or 4;

=0 : no cloud effect
=1 : with cloud effect; must use cloud fraction option 1 (Xu-Randall method)
=2 : with cloud effect; must use cloud fraction option 2 (0/1 based on threshold)
=3 : with cloud effect; must use cloud fraction option 3 (Sundqvist et al., 1989 method)

single entry

insert_init_cloud

.false.

set to =.true. to estimate initial model cloud when using “icloud=3;” cold start only

single entry

swrad_scat

1

scattering tuning parameter; default is 1.e-5 m2 kg-1; increase for more scattering; only works with ra_sw_physics=1

single entry

slope_rad

0

set to =1 to turn on slope-dependent radiation for ra_sw_physics

max_dom

topo_shading

0

applies neighboring-point shadow effects for ra_sw_physics

max_dom

shadlen

25000

maximum length (in m) of orographic shadow ; only works when topo_shading=1

single entry


Aerosol Options

The following aerosol options allow RRTMG and new Goddard radiation to recognize the aerosol option setting, but the aerosols are constant during model integration.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

aer_aod550_opt

1

option to determine input value for AOD at 550 nm;

=1 : input constant value from namelist option “aer_aod550_val”
=2 : input value from auxiliary input 15, which is a time-varying 2d grid in NetCDF wrf-compatible format

max_dom

aer_aod550_val

0.12

value used when “aer_aod550_opt=1”

max_dom

aer_angexp_opt

1

option to determine input value for Angstrom exponent;

=1 : input constant value from namelist option “aer_angexp_val”
=2 : input value from auxiliary input 5, which is a time-varying 2d grid in NetCDF wrf-compatible format
=3 : value estimated from the aerosol type defined in “aer_type,” and modulated with the RH in WRF

max_dom

aer_angexp_val

1.3

value used when “aer_angexp_opt=1”

max_dom

aer_ssa_opt

1

option to determine input value for single scattering albedo;

=1 : input constant value from namelist option “aer_ssa_val”
=2 : input value from auxiliary input 5, which is a time-varying 2d grid in NetCDF wrf-compatible format
=3 : value estimated from the aerosol type defined in “aer_type,” and modulated with the RH in WRF

max_dom

aer_ssa_val

0.85

value used when “aer_ssa_opt=1”

max_dom

aer_asy_opt

1

option to determine input value for asymmetry parameter;

=1 : input constant value from namelist option “aer_asy_val”
=2 : input value from auxiliary input 5, which is a time-varying 2d grid in NetCDF wrf-compatible format
=3 : value estimated from the aerosol type defined in “aer_type,” and modulated with the RH in WRF

max_dom

aer_asy_val

0.90

value used when “aer_asy_opt=1”

max_dom

aer_type

1

aerosol type used with the above “aer*” options;

=1 : rural
=2 : urban
=3 : maritime

max_dom


CAM Radiation

The following variables for CAM radiation are automatically set, by default.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

cam_abs_freq_s

21600

default CAM radiation clear sky longwave absorption calculation frequency (in secs); recommend minimum value to speed-up scheme

single entry

levsiz

1

number of ozone data levels for CAM radiation

single entry

paerlev

1

numer of aerosol data levels for CAM radiation

single entry

cam_abs_dim1

1

dimension for “absnxt” (absorption save array) in CAM radiation

single entry

cam_abs_dim2

1

dimension for “abstot” (2nd absorption save array) in CAM radiation

single entry



Surface Physics

For specifics and detailed descriptions of the following Surface options, see WRF Physics/Surface Physics.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

sf_sfclay_physics

surface layer physics option; the same value should be used for all domains;

=0 : no surface layer physics
=1 : revised MM5 Monin-Obukhov
=2 : Monin-Obukhov (Janjic Eta Similarity)
=4 : QNSE
=5 : MYNN
=7 : Pleim-Xiu; use with Pleim-Xiu surface and ACM2 PBL
=10 : TEMF
=91 : old MM5

max_dom

iz0tlnd

0

switch to control land thermal roughness length;

=0 : old, or non-vegetation-dependent thermal roughness length over land
=1 : vegetation dependent (details)

single entry

sf_surface_physics

land surface option; set this before running real.exe; the same value should be used for all domains;

=0 : no surface temperature prediction
=1 : 5-layer thermal diffusion (SLAB)
=2 : unified Noah
=3 : RUC
=4 : NoahMP; see additional options in the &noah_mp namelist section
=5 : CLM4
=7 : Pleim-Xiu; use with Pleim-Xiu surface layer and ACM2 PBL
=8 : SSiB; only works with ra_lw/sw_physics=1,3,4

max_dom

sf_urban_physics

0

activate urban canopy model; use with Noah LSM only; the same value should be used for all domains;

=0 : off
=1 : single-layer, UCM
=2 : multi-layer, building environment parameterization (BEP); only works with bl_pbl_physics=1,2,8
=3 : multi-layer, building environment model (BEM); only works with bl_pbl_physics=1,2,8

max_dom

use_wudapt_lcz

0

type of urban landuse categories to use;

=0 : use traditional 31-33 categories
=1 : use WUDAPT LCZ 31-41 categories

single entry

slucm_distributed_drag

.false.

set to .true. to use spatially-varying 2D urban zero-plane displacement, roughness length for momentum, frontal area index; does not work with LCZ; only works with urban_physics=1; need additional aforementioned 3 input variables in wrfinput file (see WRF Physics/Urban Effects)

single entry

distributed_ahe_opt

0

option to handle anthropogenic surface heat flux; requires additional input to wrfinput file (see WRF Physics/Urban Effects);

=0 : no anthropogenic surface heat flux from input data
add to first level temperature tendency
add to surface sensible heat flux

single entry

ua_phys

.false.

set to =.true. to activate UA Noah LSM changes for a different snow-cover physics; aimed to improve treatment of snow as it relates to the vegetation canopy

single entry

num_soil_layers

5

number of soil layers in land surface model; set before running real.exe;

=2 : Pleim-Xiu
=3 : SSiB
=4 : Noah
=5 : thermal diffusion scheme for temperature only
=6 or =9 : RUC
=10 : CLM4

single entry

ideal_xland

1

sets XLAND for idealized cases with no input land-use run-time switch for wrf.exe “physics_init”;

=1 : land
=2 : water

single entry

ifsnow

1

use snow-cover effects; only works with sf_surface_physics=1

single entry

surface_input_source

3

the source for landuse and soil category;

=1 : WPS/geogrid, but with dominant categories recomputing in real
=2 : GRIB data from another model; only if arrays VEGCAT/SOILCAT exist
=3 : use dominant land and soil categories from WPS/geogrid

single entry

pxlsm_smois_init

1

Pleim-Xiu land surface model soil moisture initialization option;

=0 : from analysis
=1 : from LANDUSE.TBL (SLMO, or moisture availability)

max_dom

num_land_cat

21

number of land categories from input data;

=20 : for MODIS
=21 : for MODIS if lake category is included, which is default for WPS
=24 : for USGS
=28 : for USGS if lake category is included
=40 : for NLCD2006; North America only

single entry

num_soil_cat

16

number of soil categories in the input data

single entry

usemonalb

.false.

set to =.true. to use monthly albedo map instead of table values; recommended when sst_update=1

single entry

rdmaxalb

.true.

use snow albedo from geogrid, instead of from table

single entry

rdlai2d

.false.

set to =.true. to use leaf area index (LAI) from input data, instead of from table; when sst_udpate=1, LAI will also be included in wrflowinp file

single entry

sst_update

0

set to =1 to turn on time-varying sea-surface temperature, seaice, vegetation fraction, and albedo during a wrf.exe simulation; must be set prior to running real.exe; real.exe creates file(s) (wrflowinp_d0x) that include(s) SST, XICE, ALBEDO, and VEGFRA, which wrf.exe will update at the same interval as the wrfbdy_d01 file; must set the following in &time_control in namelist.input: auxinput4_interval, auxinput4_end_h, io_form_auxinput4, and auxinput4_inname=”wrflowinp_d<domain>”

single entry

tmn_update

0

set to =1 to update deep layer soil temperature; useful for long (multi-year) simulations

single entry

lagday

150

number of days over which TMN (deep layer soil temperature) is computed using skin temperature

single entry

sst_skin

0

set to =1 to calculate skin SST; useful for long (multi-year) simulations

single entry

shalwater_z0

0

set to =1 to turn on shallow water roughness scheme; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1; new since V4.4

max_dom

shalwater_depth

-1.0

option to set constant depth (in meters) when shalwater_z0=1, if no bathymetry data is available; intended for depths between 10.0 and 100.0 m; depths outside this range are rounded to the nearest limit value; new since V4.4

single entry


Surface Irrigation Parameterization

The following options are specific to the surface irrigation parameteriation and are only applicable when sf_surf_irr_scheme>0; new since V4.2.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

sf_surf_irr_scheme

0

option to turn on surface irrigation scheme;

=0 : off
=1 : surface evapotranspiration; only works with sf_surface_physics=2
=2 : leaves/canopy interception and surface evapotranspiration
=3 : microphysics process, leaves/canopy interception and surface evapotranspiration

max_dom

irr_daily_amount

0

the daily irrigation water amount (mm/day) applied

max_dom

irr_start_hour

0

the local application start time for each day (UTC value)

max_dom

irr_num_hours

0

the number of hours to irrigate

max_dom

irr_start_julianday

0

Julian day to start irrigation (included)

max_dom

irr_end_julianday

0

Julian day to end irrigation (not included)

max_dom

irr_freq

1

frequency (in days) of irrigation

max_dom

irr_ph

0

phase of irrigation;

=0 : in phase
=1 : not in phase

max_dom



Planetary Boundary Layer Physics

For specifics and detailed descriptions of the following Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) options, see WRF Physics/PBL.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

bl_pbl_physics

boundary layer option; the same value should be used for all domains (except when running an LES simulation);

=0 : no boundary layer
=1 : YSU; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1
=2 : MYJ (Eta) TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=2
=4 : QNSE-EDMF; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=4
=5 : MYNN 2.5 level TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1,2,5
=6 : MYNN 3rd level TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=5
=7 : ACM2 (Pleim); only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1 or 7
=8 : BouLac TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1 or 2
=9 : Bretherton-Park/UW TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1 or 2
=10 : TEMF; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=10
=11 : Shin-Hong “scale-aware”
=12 : GBM TKE; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1
=16 : EEPS; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1,5,91
=17 : KEPS
=99 : MRF

max_dom

mfshconv

1

use day-time EDMF for QNSE; set to =0 to turn off

max_dom

bldt

0

minutes between boundary-layer physics calls; recommend =0 (call every time step) for all domains

max_dom

topo_wind

0

topographic surface wind correction; requires extra input from geogrid; only works with bl_pbl_physics=1;

=0 : off
=1 : Jimenez method
=2 : UW method

single entry

bl_mynn_tkebudget

0

adds MYNN TKE budget terms to output

max_dom

bl_mynn_tkeadvect

.false.

set to =.true. to turn on MYNN TKE advection to couple subgrid-scale clouds from MYNN PBL to radiation schemes

max_dom

bl_mynn_cloudmix

1

activate mixing of qc and qi in MYNN; qnd and qni are mixed when “scalar_pblmix=1”

max_dom

bl_mynn_mixlength

1

option to change mixing length formulation in MYNN;

=0 : original; as in Nakanishi and Niino, 2009
=1 : RAP/HRRR; including BouLac in free atmosphere
=2 : experimental; includes cloud-specific mixing length and a scale-aware mixing length; following Ito et al., 2015, BLM; this option is well-tested with EDMF options

single entry

bl_mynn_cloudpdf

2

option to switch to different cloud PDFs to represent subgrid clouds in MYNN;

=0 : original; Sommeria and Deardorf, 1977
=1 : Kuwano et al., 2010; similar to option 0, but uses resolved scale gradients, as opposed to higher order moments
=2 : Chaboureau and Bechtold, 2002 (JAS), with mods

single entry

bl_mynn_edmf

1

option to activate mass-flux scheme in MYNN;

=0 : regular MYNN
=1 : for StEM
=2 : for TEMF

max_dom

bl_mynn_edmf_mom

1

option to activate momentum transport in MYNN; assuming “bl_mynn_edmf > 0”

max_dom

bl_mynn_edmf_tke

0

set to =1 to activate TKE transport in MYNN; assuming “bl_mynn_edmf > 0”

max_dom

scalar_pblmix

0

set to =1 to mix scalar fields consistent with PBL option (exch_h)

max_dom

tracer_pblmix

1

mix tracer fields consistent with PBL option (exch_h)

max_dom

shinhong_tke_diag

1

Use diagnostic TKE and mixing length from Shin-Hong PBL

max_dom

opt_thcnd

1

how to treat thermal conductivity in Noah LSM;

=1 : original
=2 : McCumber and Pielke for silt loam and sandy loam

single entry

sf_surface_mosaic

0

set to =1 to use mosaic landuse categories for Noah LSM

single entry

mosaic_lu

0

set to =1 to specify landuse parameters based on a mosaic approach; only works with RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3)

single entry

mosaic_soil

0

set to =1 to specify soil parameters based on a mosaic approach; only works with RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3)

single entry

mosaic_cat

3

number of mosaid landuse categories in a grid cell when “sf_surface_mosaic=1”

single entry

grav_settling

0

gravitational settling of fog/cloud droplets;

=0 : no settling
=1 : settling from Dyunkerke, 1991 in atmosphere at the surface
=2 : use Fogdes vegetation and wind speed dependent (Katata et al., 2008) at the surface, and Dyunkerke for the atmosphere

max_dom

ysu_topdown_pblmix

1

turns on top-down radiation-driven mixing

single entry

isfflx

1

heat and moisture fluxes from the surface for real-data cases when a PBL option is used; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1,5,7,11;

=0 : fluxes are on
=1 : fluxes are off
when “bl_pbl_physics=0,” option controls surface fluxes when “diff_opt=2” and “km_opt=3;”
=0 : constant fluxes defined by “tke_drag_coefficient” and “tke_heat_flux”
=1 : use model-computed u and heat and moisture fluxes
=2 : use model-computed u* and specified heat flux by “tke_heat_flux”

single entry



Cumulus Parameterization

For specifics and detailed descriptions of the following Cumulus Parameterization options, see WRF Physics/Cumulus Parameterization.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

cu_physics

cumulus parameterication option; the same value should be used for all domains that have cu_physics turned on;

=0: no cumulus
=1 : Kain-Fritsch (new Eta)
=2 : BMJ; since V4.2 option to add “bmj_rad_feedback”
=3 : Grell-Freitas ensemble
=4 : Scale-aware GFS SAS
=5 : Grell-3
=6 : Tiedtke
=7 : Zhang-McFarlane from CESM; only works with bl_pbl_physics=2,9
=10 : KF-CuP; modified Kain-Fritsch with trigger function based on PDFs
=11 : Multi-scale Kain-Fritsch; momentum transport added in V4.2
=14 : Scale-aware SAS; use with shcu_physics=4
=16 : Newer Tiedtke
=93 : Grell-Devenyi ensemble
=96 : GFS SAS from YSU; previously option 14
=99 : old Kain-Fritsch

max_dom

cudt

0

minutes between cumulus physics calls; set to 0 (call every time step) when using all cu_physics options except Kain-Fritsch; set all domains to the same value

max_dom

kfeta_trigger

1

the method to determine whether a grid point is convective; only works with cu_physics=1;

=1 : original
=2 : moisture-advection-based trigger; Ma and Tan, 2009
=3 : relative humidity-dependent

single entry

ishallow

0

set to =1 to turn on shallow convection; only works with cu_physics=3 or 5

single entry

cu_diag

0

set to =1 to compute time-averaged time-step surface rainfall and cloud water/ice when using cu_physics=3,5,93; only for WRF-Chem use

max_dom

shcu_physics

0

independent shallow cumulus option; not tied to deep convection;

=0 : no independent shallow cumulus
=2 : Park and Bretherton, from CAM5
=3 : GRIMS
5 : Deng; only works with bl_pbl_physics=2,5,6; new since V4.1

max_dom

cugd_avedx

1

number of grid boxes over which subsidence is spread;

=1 : NSAS grid distance dependent; for large grid distances (low resolution)
=3 : for small grid distances (DX < 5km); only works with cu_physics=5

single entry

nsas_dx_factor

0

set to =1 to turn on NSAS grid distance dependent option

single entry

kf_edrates

0

set to =1 to output entrainment/detrainment rates and convective timescale output variables for KF-based cumulus schemes; only works with cu_physics=1,11,99

max_dom

convtrans_avglen_m

30

averaging time (in mins) for convective transport output variables; only works with cu_physics=3,5,93

single entry

cu_rad_feedback

.false.

set to =.true. to use sub-grid cloud effect to the optical depth in radiation; only works with cu_physics=1,3,5,10,11,93,99; if using cu_physics=3,5,93 must set cu_diag=1

max_dom


The following options show recommended values. If you would like to use any other value, consult the code to understand what you are doing.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

maxiens

1

only works with cu_physics=3,5,93

single entry

maxens

3

only works with cu_physics=3,5,93

single entry

maxens2

3

only works with cu_physics=3,5,93

single entry

maxens3

16

only works with cu_physics=3,5,93

single entry

ensdim

144

only works with cu_physics=3,5,93

single entry


KF-CuP Cumulus Parameterization

The following options are specific to the KF-CuP cumulus parameterization scheme (cu_physics=10).


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

shallowcu_forced_ra

.false.

radiative impact of shallow cumulus by a prescribed max cloud fraction of 0.36

max_dom

numbins

1

number of perturbations for potential temperature and mixing ratio in the CuP PDF; should be an odd number; recommended value is 21

max_dom

thBinSize

1

bin size of potential temperature perturbation increment (0.01 K)

max_dom

minDeepFreq

1

minimum frequency required before deep convection is allowed (0.333)

max_dom

minShallowFreq

1

minimum frequency required before shallow convection is allowed (1.0e-2)

max_dom

shcu_aerosols_opt

0

set to =2 to use this prognostic option to include aerosols in the shallow cumulus scheme; only works for WRF-Chem

max_dom




Ocean Model Physics

The following options are specific to Ocean model physics.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

sf_ocean_physics

0

activates ocean model;

=0 : off
=1 : simple ocean mixed layer (oml) model
=2 : 3D Price-Weller-Pinkel (PWP) ocean model

single entry

omdt

1

time step (mins) when sf_ocean_physics=2; can be set the same as the WRF time step in corresponding nested grids, but should be no less than 1.0 minute

single entry

oml_hml0

50

initial mixed layer depth value when sf_ocean_physics=1;

=0 : from climatology
>0 : constant everywhere (in meters)
<0 : use input from ocean model

single entry

oml_gamma

0.14

lapse rate (K m-1) in deep water (below the mixed layer) when sf_ocean_physics=1

single entry

oml_relaxation_time

0

relaxation time (seconds) when sf_ocean_physics=1 back to original values; e.g., a setting of 259200 seconds = 3 days

single entry

ocean_levels

30

number of vertical levels when sf_ocean_physics=2

single entry



Seaice

The following options are specific to seaice.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

seaice_threshold

100

if skin temperature (TSK) is < this value, water points are changed to sea ice; only works with sf_surface_physics=1,2,3,4,8

a) if water point + sf_surface_physics=1 : sets to land point and permanent ice
b) if water point + sf_surface_physics=2 : sets to land point, permanent ice, sets temperature from 2m to surface, and sets “smois” and “sh2o”

single entry

fractional_seaice

0

set to =1 to treat seaice as a fractional field; only works with sf_sfclay_physics=1,2,3,4,5,7,91; must also set seaice_threshold=0; if set to 0, uses flag for ice or no ice

single entry

seaice_albedo_opt

0

option to set albedo over sea ice;

=0 : uses constant value from namelist option “seaice_albedo_default”
=1 : function of air temperature, skin temperature, and snow
=2 : read-in from input variable ALBSI

single entry

seaice_albedo_default

0.65

default value of seaice albedo when seaice_albedo_opt=0

single entry

seaice_snowdepth_opt

0

method for how snow depth on seaice is treated;

=0 : bounded by “seaice_snowdepth_min” and “seaice_snowdepth_max”;

=1 : read-in from input array SNOWSI (bounded by “seaice_snowdepth_min” and “seaice_snowdepth_max”)

single entry

seaice_snowdepth_min

0.001

minimum snow depth (in meters) on sea ice

single entry

seaice_snowdepth_max

1.e10

maximum allowed accumulation of snow (in meters) on sea ice

single entry

seaice_thickness_opt

0

seaice thickness method;

=0 : uniform value taken from namelist variable “seaice_thickness_default”
=1 : read-in from input variable ICEDEPTH

single entry

seaice_thickness_default

3.0

default value of seaice thickness when seaice_thickness_opt=0

single entry



Lake Model

The following options are specific to the lake model.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

sf_lake_physics

0

set to =1 to turn on the lake model

max_dom

lakedepth_default

50

lake depth (in meters); if no lake depth information is available in the input data, this value is set to 50 m

max_dom

lake_min_elev

5

minimum elevation of lakes; can be used to determine whether a water point is a lake in the absence of a lake category; if the landuse type includes “lake” (e.g., Modis_lake and USGS_LAKE), this variables is ignored

max_dom

use_lakedepth

1

option to use lake depth data provided by the geogrid program

max_dom


Lightning Parameterization

The following options are specific to the lightning parameterization.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

lightning_option

0

lightning parameterization option to allow flash rate prediction without chemistry; must set do_radar_ref=1;

=0 : off
=1 : PR92 based on maximum w; redistributes flashes within dBZ > 20 (for convection resolved simulations)
=2 : PR92 based on 20 dBZ top; redistributes flashes within dBZ > 20 (for convection resolved simulations)
=3 : predicts potential for lightning activity; based on Yair et al., 2010
=11 : PR92 based on level of neutral buoyancy from convective parameterization (for a scale where cumulus parameterization schemes is used; intended for use at 10<dx<50km)

max_dom

lightning_dt

0

time interval (in seconds) for calling lightning parameterization when lightning_option>0; when set to 0, model time step is used

max_dom

lightning_start_seconds

0

start time for calling lightning parameterization when lightning_option>0; recommend at least 10 minutes for spin-up

max_dom

flashrate_factor

1.0

factor to adjust the predicted number of flashes; recommended values:

a) 1.0 for lightning_option=11 between dx=10 and 50 km
b) manual tuning for all other lightning_option>0 settings, independently for each nest

max_dom

cellcount_method

0

method for counting storm cells when lightning_option=1 or 2;

=0 : model determines method
=1 : tile-wide; appropriate for large domains
=2 : domain-wide; appropriate for single storm domains

max_dom

cldtop_adjustment

0

adjustment from LNB (in km) when lightning_option=11; recommend =2

max_dom

iccg_method

0

intra-cloud (IC) : cloud-to-ground (CG) partitioning method;

=0 : uses default of =2 option (below)
=1 : constant everywhere; must also set iccg_prescribed_num and iccg_prescribed_den; all CG
=2 : coarsely-prescribed 1995-1999 NLDN/OTD climatology; based on Boccippio et al., 2001
=3 : parameterization by Price and Rind, 1993; based on cold-cloud depth
=4 : gridded input via arrays “iccg_in_num” and “iccg_in_den” from wrfinput for monthly mapped ratios; points with 0/0 values use ratio defined by iccg_prescribed_num and iccg_prescribed_den

max_dom

iccg_prescribed_num

0.0

numerator of the user-specified prescribed IC:CG

max_dom

iccg_prescribed_den

1.0

denomenator of the user-specified prescribed IC:CG

max_dom



Wind Turbine Drag Parameterization

The following options are specific to the wind turbine drag parameterization.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

windfarm_opt

0

options to turn on wind turbine drag parameterization;

=0 : off
=1 : simulates the effects of wind turbines in the atmospheric evolution and activates the wind farm parameterization by Fitch et al., 2012
=2 : Activates the wind farm scheme (mav scheme) based on Ma et al., 2022; similar to option 1, but it also considers subgrid-scale wind turbine wake effects; this option should be used in combination with windfarm_wake_model and windfarm_overlap_method, as well as with a file “windturbines-ll.txt”

max_dom

windfarm_ij

0

specifies to type of coordinate to use for wind turbine locations;

=0 : turbine coordinates are defined in terms of lat-lon
=1 : turbine coordinates are defined in terms of grid points (i,j)
=2 : valid only when windfarm_wake_model=2; the coordinate of the turbines are defined in terms of lat-lon with the filename “windturbines-ll.txt”

single entry

windfarm_wake_model

2

subgrid-scale wind turbine wake model; only valid when windfarm_opt=2

=1 : Jensen model
=2 : XA model
=3 : GM model (windfarm_method not used)
=4 : Jensen and XA ensemble
=5 : Jensen, XA, and GM ensemble

max_dom

windfarm_overlap_method

4

wake superposition method for the Jensen and XA wind turbine wake model; valid only when windfarm_opt=2

=1 : linear superposition
=2 : squared superposition
=3 : modified squared superposition
=4 : superposition of the hub-height wind speed (Ma et al., 2022)

max_dom

windfarm_deg

0

the rotation degree of the wind farm layout; only valid when windfarm_opt=2 and windfarm_ij=1

max_dom



Hailcasting

The following options are specific to the hailcasting.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

hailcast_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on hailcasting option

max_dom

haildt

0

seconds between WRF-HAILCAST call(s) when hailcast_opt=1

max_dom



Miscellaneous Physics Options


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

bucket_mm

-1

bucket reset value for water accumulation (in mm); useful for long (multi-year) simulations; default value of “-1” means inactive

single entry

bucket_j

-1

bucket reset value for energy accumulation (in Joules); useful for long (multi-year) simulations; default value of -1 means inactive

single entry

isftcflx

0

alternative Ck (exchange coefficient for temperature and moisture) and Cd (drag coefficient for momentum) forulation for tropical storm application;

=0 : off for Ck
=1 : Donelan Cd + constant Z0q for Ck
=2 : Donelan Cd + Garratt Ck

single entry

traj_opt

0

set to =1 to activate forward trajectories

single entry

num_traj

1000

number of trajectories to be released when traj_opt=1

single entry




&stoch


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

nens

1

seed for random number stream; for ensemble forecasts this parameter needs to be different for each member; the seed is a function of initial start time to ensure different random number streams are created for forecasts starting from different intial times; changing this seed changes the random number streams for all activated stochastic parameterization schemes

single entry



Stochastic Kinetic-energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEBS)

The following options are specific to the Stochastic Kinetic-energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEBS), and assumes skebs=1.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

skebs

0

set to =1 to turn on stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS)

max_dom

tot_backscat_psi

1.0e-05

total backscattered dissipation rate for streamfunction; controls amplitude of rotational wind perturbations (in m2/s2)

max_dom

tot_backscat_t

1.0e-06

total backscattered dissipation rate for potential temperature; controls amplitude of potential temperature perturbations (in m2/s2)

max_dom

ztau_psi

10800.0

decorrelation time (in seconds) for streamfunction perturbations

single entry

ztau_t

10800.0

decorrelation time (in seconds) for potential temperature perturbations

single entry

rexponent_psi

-1.83

spectral slope for streamfunction perturbations; -1.83 is default for a kinetic- energy forcing spectrum with slope -5/3)

single entry

rexponent_t

-1.83

spectral slope for potential temperature perturbations; -1.83 is default for a potential energy forcing spectrum with slope -1.832)

single entry

kminforc

1

minimal forcing wavenumber in longitude for streamfunction perturbations

single entry

lminforc

1

minimal forcing wavenumber in latitude for streamfunction perturbations

single entry

kminforct

1

minimal forcing wavenumber in longitude for potential temperature perturbations

single entry

lminforct

1

minimal forcing wavenumber in latitude for potential temperature perturbations

single entry

kmaxforc

1000000

maximal forcing wavenumber in longitude for streamfunction perturbations; default is maximal possible wavenumbers determined by number of gridpoints in longitude

single entry

lmaxforc

1000000

maximal forcing wavenumber in latitude for streamfunction perturbations; default is maximal possible wavenumbers determined by number of gridpoints in latitude

single entry

kmaxforct

1000000

maximal forcing wavenumber in longitude for potential temperature perturbations; default is maximal possible wavenumbers determined by number of gridpoints in longitude

single entry

lmaxforct

1000000

maximal forcing wavenumber in latitude for potential temperature perturbations; default is maximal possible wavenumbers determined by number of gridpoints in latitude

single entry

zsigma2_eps

0.0833

noise variance in autoregressive process defining streamfunction perturbations

single entry

zsigma2_eta

0.0833

noise variance in autoregressive process defining potential temperature perturbations

single entry

skebs_vertstruc

0

defines the vertical structure of random pattern generator;

=0 : constant vertical structure of random pattern generator
=1 : random phase vertical structure with westward tilt

single entry

iseed_skebs

811

seed for random number stream for skebs; this is combined with seed nens, signifying ensemble member number and initial start time to ensure different random number streams for forecasts starting from different initial times and for different ensemble members

single entry


Stochastic Kinetic-Energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEB)

The following options are specific to the Stochastic Kinetic-Energy Backscatter Scheme (SKEB) used to perturb a forecast; assumes skebs=1 and rand_perturb=1.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

rand_perturb

0

set to =1 to create a random perturbation field

max_dom

lengthscale_rand_pert

500000

perturbation correlation lengthscale (meters)

max_dom

timescale_rand_pert

21600.0

temporal decorrelation of random field (in seconds)

max_dom

gridpt_stddev_rand_pert

0.03

standard deviation of random perturbation field at each grid point

max_dom

stddev_cutofkf_rand_pert

3.0

cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation

max_dom

rand_pert_vertstruc

0

vertical structure for random perturbation field;

=0 : constant
=1 : random phase with tilt

single entry

iseed_rand_pert

17

seed for random number stream; this is combined with seed nens, signifying ensemble member number and initial start time to ensure different random number streams are created for forecasts starting from different initial times and for different ensemble members

single entry



Stochastically-perturbed Physical Tendencies (SPPT)

The following options are specific to the Stochastically-perturbed Physical Tendencies (SPPT), and assumes sppt=1.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

sppt

0

set to =1 to turn on stochastically-perturbed physics tendences (SPPT)

max_dom

lengthscale_sppt

150000

random perturbation lengthscale (in meters)

max_dom

timescale_sppt

21600

temporal decorrelation of random field (in seconds)

max_dom

sppt_vertstruc

0

vertical structure for SPPT;

=0 : constant
=1 : random phase

single entry

gridpt_stddev_sppt

0.5

standard deviation of random perturbation field at each grid point

max_dom

stddev_cutoff_sppt

2.0

cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation

max_dom

iseed_sppt

53

seed for random number stream for SPPT; This is combined with parameter nens, signifying ensemble member number and initial start time to ensure different random number streams for forecasts starting from different initial times and for different ensemble members

single entry



Stochastically-perturbed Parameter Scheme (SPP)

The following options are specific to the Stochastically-perturbed Parameter Scheme (SPP), and assumes spp=1.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

spp

0

set to =1 to turn on stochastically-perturbed parameter scheme (SPP); only works with Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3), MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6), & RUC surface scheme (sf_surface_physics=3)

max_dom

spp_conv

0

set to =1 to turn on perturbation of parameters for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3)

max_dom

lengthscale_spp_conv

150000

perturbation length scale (in meters); for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3)

max_dom

timescale_spp_conv

21600

temporal decorrelation of random field (in seconds); for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3)

max_dom

gridpt_stddev_spp_conv

0.3

standard deviation of random perturbation field at each grid point; for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3)

max_dom

stddev_cutoff_spp_conv

3.0

cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation; for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3)

max_dom

vertstruc_spp_conv

1

determines vertical structure for random perturbation; for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3)

=0 : constant
=1 : random phase

single entry

iseed_spp_conv

171

seed for random number stream for spp_conv; for Grell Freitas convective scheme (cu_physics=3)

single entry

spp_pbl

0

set to =1 to turn on perturbation of parameters for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6)

max_dom

lengthscale_spp_pbl

700000.0

perturbation length scale (in meters); for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6)

max_dom

timescale_spp_pbl

21600.0

temporal decorrelation of random field (in seconds); for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6)

max_dom

gridpt_stddev_spp_pbl

0.15

standard deviation of random perturbation field at each grid point; for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6)

max_dom

stddev_cutoff_spp_pbl

2.0

cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation; for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6)

max_dom

vertstruc_spp_pbl

1

determines vertical structure for random perturbation; for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6)

=0 : constant
=1 : random phase

single entry

iseed_spp_pbl

217

seed for random number stream for spp_pbl; for MYNN PBL scheme (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6)

single entry

spp_lsm

1

Turns on perturbation of parameters for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3)

max_dom

lengthscale_spp_lsm

50000

perturbation length scale (in meters); for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3)

max_dom

timescale_spp_lsm

86400

temporal decorrelation of random field (in seconds); for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3)

max_dom

gridpt_stddev_spp_lsm

0.3

standard deviation of random perturbation field at each grid point; for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3)

max_dom

stddev_cutoff_spp_lsm

3.0

cutoff tails of perturbation pattern above this threshold standard deviation; for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3)

max_dom

vertstruc_spp_lsm

1

determines vertical structure for random perturbation; for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3)

=0 : constant
=1 : random phase

single entry

iseed_spp_lsm

317

seed for random number stream for spp_lsm; for RUC LSM (sf_surface_physics=3)

single entry



WRF-Solar Stochastic Ensemble Prediction System (WRF-Solar EPS)

The following options are specific to the WRF-Solar Stochastic Ensemble Prediction System (WRF-Solar EPS), and assumes multi_perturb=1; new since V4.4.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

nens

1

seed for random number stream; for ensemble forecasts this parameter needs to be different for each member; the seed is a function of initial start time to ensure different random number streams are created for forecasts starting from different intial times; changing this seed changes the random number streams for all activated stochastic parameterization schemes

single entry

multi_perturb

0

set to =1 to turn on stochastic perturbations tailored for solar energy applications

max_dom

spdt

-1.0

frequency to update stochastic perturbations (in minutes); negative value indicates every time step

max_dom

pert_farms

.false.

set to =.true. to activate perturbations to FARMS parameterization

max_dom

pert_farms_albedo

0

set to =1 to perturb albedo

max_dom

pert_farms_aod

0

set to =1 to perturb aod (aerosol optical depth)

max_dom

pert_farms_angexp

0

set to =1 to perturb angexp (aerosol Angstrom exponent)

max_dom

pert_farms_aerasy

0

set to =1 to perturb aerasy

max_dom

pert_farms_qv

0

set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_farms_qc

0

set to =1 to perturb qc (cloud water mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_farms_qs

0

set to =1 to perturb qs (snow mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_deng

.false.

set to =.true. to activate perturbations to Deng’s shallow cumulus parameterization scheme (shcu_physics=5)

max_dom

pert_deng_qv

0

set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_deng_qc

0

set to =1 to perturb qc (cloud water mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_deng_t

0

set to =1 to perturb temperature

max_dom

pert_deng_w

0

set to =1 to perturb w (vertical velocity)

max_dom

pert_mynn

.false.

set to =.true. to activate perturbations for MYNN PBL schemes (bl_pbl_physics=5 or 6)

max_dom

pert_mynn_qv

0

set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_mynn_qc

0

set to =1 to perturb qc (cloud water mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_mynn_t

0

set to =1 to perturb temperature

max_dom

pert_mynn_qke

0

set to =1 to perturb w (vertical velocity)

max_dom

pert_noah

.false.

set to =.true. to activate perturbations to Noah LSM (sf_surface_physics=2)

max_dom

pert_noah_qv

0

set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_noah_smois

0

set to =1 to perturb smois (soil moisture)

max_dom

pert_noah_t

0

set to =1 to perturb temperature

max_dom

pert_noah_tslb

0

set to =1 to perturb tslb (soil temperature)

max_dom

pert_thom

.false.

set to =.true. to activate perturbations to Thompson microphysics (mp_physics=8)

max_dom

pert_thom_qv

0

set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_thom_qc

0

set to =1 to perturb qc (cloud water mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_thom_qi

0

set to =1 to perturb qi (ice mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_thom_qs

0

set to =1 to perturb qs (snow mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_thom_ni

0

set to =1 to perturb ni (ice number concentration)

max_dom

pert_cld3

.false.

set to =.true. to activate perturbations to clouds generated with icloud=3

max_dom

pert_cld3_qv

0

set to =1 to perturb qv (water vapor mixing ratio)

max_dom

pert_cld3_t

0

set to =1 to perturb temperature

max_dom

num_pert_3d

15

Number of entries in STOCHPERT.TBL; no need to modify

single entry




&dynamics


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

hybrid_opt

2

dynamical coordinate option;
=0 : original WRF terrain-following coordinate (default for V3)
=2 : Klemp cubic form for etac (became default in V4)

single entry

etac

0.2

znw(k) < etac; eta surfaces are isobaric; 0.2 is a good default value

single entry

rk_ord

3

time integration scheme;

=2 : Runge-Kutta 2nd order
=3 : Runge-Kutta 3rd order; recommended setting

single entry

diff_opt

-1

turbulence and mixing option;

=0 : no turbulence or explicit spatial numerical filters; km_opt is ignored
=1 : evaluates 2nd order diffusion term on coordinate surfaces; uses kvdif for vertical diffusion unless the PBL option is used; may be used with km_opt=1, which is recommended for real-data cases, and km_opt=4
=2 : evaluates mixing terms in physical space (stress form; x,y,z); turbulence parameterization is chosen by specifying km_opt

max_dom

km_opt

-1

eddy coefficient option;

=0 : turned off
=1 : constant; use khdif and kvdif
=2 : 1.5 order TKE closure (3D); not recommeded for DX > 2 km
=3 : Smagorinsky first order closure (3D); not recommended for Dx > 2km
=4 : horizontal Smagorinsky first order closure; recommended for real-data cases
=5 : Scale-aware 3DTKE LES/PBL scheme; must be used with diff_opt=2 and bl_pbl_physics=0, and sf_sfclay_physics=1,5,91; new in V4.2

max_dom

diff_6th_opt

0

6th-order numerical diffusion option;

=0 : no 6th-order diffusion
=1 : 6th-order numerical diffusion
=2 : 6th-order numerical diffusion, but prohibits up-gradient diffusion

max_dom

diff_6th_factor

0.12

6th-order numerical diffusion non-dimensional rate; max value 1.0 corresponds to complete removal of 2dx wave in one timestep

max_dom

diff_6th_slopeopt

0

set to =1 to turn on 6th-order numerical diffusion - terrain-slope tapering

max_dom

diff_6th_thresh

0.1

slope threshold (m/m) that turns off 6th order diff in steep terrain

max_dom

damp_opt

3

upper-level damping flag;

=0 : no damping
=1 : diffusive damping; may be used for real-data cases; dampcoef nondimensional ~ 0.01 to 0.1
=2 : Rayleigh damping; dampcoef inverse time scale (1/s), for e.g., 0.003
=3 : Rayleigh damping; for real-data cases; dampcoef inverse time scale (1/s), for e.g., 0.2

single entry

use_theta_m

1

use moist theta(1+1.61Qv); set to 0 to turn off

single entry

use_q_diabatic

0

set to =1 to turn on inclusion of QV and QC tendencies in advection; helps to produce correct solution in an idealized “moist benchmark” test case (Bryan, 2014); in real-data testing, reduce time_step to maintain stability

single entry

c_s

0.25

Smagorinsky coefficient

max_dom

c_k

0.15

TKE coefficient

max_dom

zdamp

5000

damping depth (in meters) from model top

max_dom

dampcoef

0.2

damping coefficient; see damp_opt

max_dom

w_damping

0

set to =1 to turn on vertical velocity damping flag; for operational use

single entry

w_crit_cfl

1

default vertical courant number where vertical damping begins

single entry

zadvect_implicit

0

set to =1 to use implicit/explicit vertical advection (IEVA) scheme

single entry

base_pres

100000

base state surface pressure (in Pa); real-data cases only; not recommended to change default value

single entry

base_temp

290

base state temperature (in K); real-data cases only

single entry

base_lapse

50

lapse rate (in K); not recommended to change default value; real-data cases only

single entry

iso_temp

200

isothermal temperature in the statosphere; enables the model to be extended to 5 mb; real-data cases only

single entry

base_pres_strat

0

base state pressure (in Pa) at the bottom of the stratosphere; US Standard atmosphere 55 hPa; real-data cases only

single entry

base_lapse_strat

-11

base state lapse rate (dT/d(lnP)) in the stratosphere; approximate to US standard atmosphere -12K; real-data cases only

single entry

use_baseparm_fr_nml

.false.

set to =.true. for backward compatibility; to use with wrfinput files produced prior to V3.4

single entry

use_input_w

.false.

set to =.true. to use vertical velocity from the input file

single entry

khdif

0

horizontal diffusion constant (m2/s)

max_dom

kvdif

0

vertical diffusion constant (m2/s)

max_dom

smdiv

0.1

divergence damping; 0.1 is typical

max_dom

emdiv

0.01

external-mode filter coef for mass coordinate model; 0.01 is typical for real-data cases

max_dom

epssm

0.1

time off-centering (slightly forward) for vertical pressure gradient (or sound waves) in an effort to damp 3-d divergence; set no greater than 0.5

max_dom

non-hydrostatic

.true. model is run in non-hydrostatic mode; set to .false. to run in hydrostatic mode

max_dom

pert_coriolis

.false.

set to =.true. to have coriolis only act on wind perturbation; only for idealized cases

max_dom

top_lid

.false.

set to =.true. for zero vertical motion at the top of domain; only for idealized cases

max_dom

mix_full_fields

.false.

used with diff_opt=2; recommended setting is .true. except for highly-idealized numerical tests; damp_opt must not =1; a setting of .false. subtracts 1D base-state profile before mixing

max_dom

mix_isotropic

0

if =0 : anistropic vertical/horizontal diffusion
=1 : isotropic; only works with km_opt=2, 3

max_dom

mix_upper_bound

0.1

non-dimensional upper limit for diffusion coefficients; only works with km_opt=2, 3

max_dom

h_mom_adv_order

5

horizontal momentum advection order; 5=5th, etc.

max_dom

v_mom_adv_order

3

vertical momentum advection order; 3=3rd, etc.

max_dom

h_sca_adv_order

5

horizontal scalar advection order; 5=5th, etc.

max_dom

v_sca_adv_order

3

vertical scalar advection order; 3=3rd, etc.

max_dom

time_step_sound

0

number of sound steps per timestep; if using a time_step much larger than 6xDX (in km), increase number of sound steps

max_dom

moist_adv_opt

1

advection option for moisture;

=0 : simple
=1 : positive-definite
=2 : monotonic
=3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory)
=4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite

max_dom

scalar_adv_opt

1

advection option for scalars;

=0 : simple
=1 : positive-definite
=2 : monotonic
=3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory)
=4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite

max_dom

tke_adv_opt

1

advection option for TKE;

=0 : simple
=1 : positive-definite
=2 : monotonic
=3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory)
=4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite

max_dom

phi_adv_z

1

vertical advection option for geopotential;

=1 : original
=2 : avoid double staggering of omega

max_dom

chem_adv_opt

1

advection option for variables;

=0 : simple
=1 : positive-definite
=2 : monotonic
=3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory)
=4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite

max_dom

tracer_adv_opt

1

advection option for tracer variables;
=0 : simple
=1 : positive-definite
=2 : monotonic
=3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory)
=4 : 5th-order WENO with positive definite

max_dom

momentum_adv_opt

1

advection option for momentum;

=1 : standard
=3 : 5th-order WENO (Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory)

max_dom

tke_drag_coefficient

0

surface drag coefficient (Cd, dimensionless); only works with diff_opt=2

max_dom

tke_heat_flux

0

surface thermal flux (H/rho x cp); (K ms-1); only work with diff_opt=2

max_dom

fft_filter_lat

91

the latitude (in degrees) above which the polar filter is turned on for a global model simulation; -45 is a reasonable latitude to start using polar filters

single entry

coupled_filtering

.true.

a setting of =.true. means mu coupled scalar arrays are run through the polar filters

single entry

pos_def

.false.

set to =.true. to remove negative values of scalar arrays by setting minimum value to zero

single entry

swap_pole_with_next_j

.false.

set to =.true. to replace the entire j=1 (jds-1) with the values from j=2 (jds-2)

single entry

actual_distance_average

.false.

set to =.true. to average the field at each i location in the j-loop with a number of grid points based on a map-factor ratio

single entry

gwd_opt

0

gravity wave drag option; can be used for all grid sizes with appropriate input fields from geogrid;

=0 : off
=1 : gravity wave drag and blocking
=3 : gravity wave drag, blocking, small-scale gravity drag and turbulent orographic form drag

max_dom

do_avgflx_em

0

set to =1 to output time-averaged mass-coupled advective velocities

max_dom

do_avgflx_cugd

0

set to =1 to output time-averaged convective mass-fluxes from the Grell-Devenyi ensemble scheme; only works when do_avgflx_em =1 and cu_physics=93

max_dom

sfs_opt

0

nonlinear backscatter and anisotrophy (NBA);

=0 : off
=1 : NBA, using diagnostic stress terms; only works with km_opt=2,3 for scalars
=2 : NBA, using TKE-based stress terms; only works with km_opt=2,3

max_dom

m_opt

0

set to =1 to add output of Mij stress terms when NBA is not used

max_dom

tracer_opt

0

set to =2 to activate eight pre-defined tracers (found in the Registry file)

max_dom

rad_nudge

0

set to =1 to turn on nudging toward initial sounding in the TC idealized case

single entry


The following options are specific to deactivating 2nd and 6th order horizontal filters for specific scalar variable classes.

Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

moist_mix2_off

.false.

set to =.true. to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for moisture

max_dom

chem_mix2_off

.false.

set to =.true. to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for chem species

max_dom

tracer_mix2_off

.false.

set to =.true. to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for tracers

max_dom

scalar_mix2_off

.false.

set to =.true. to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for scalars

max_dom

tke_mix2_off

.false.

set to =.true. to deactivate 2nd-order horizontal mixing for TKE

max_dom

moist_mix6_off

.false.

set to =.true. to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for moisture

max_dom

chem_mix6_off

.false.

set to =.true. to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for chem species

max_dom

tracer_mix6_off

.false.

set to =.true. to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for tracers

max_dom

scalar_mix6_off

.false.

set to =.true. to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for scalars

max_dom

tke_mix6_off

.false.

set to =.true. to deactivate 6th-order horizontal mixing for TKE

max_dom




&bdy_control


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

spec_bdy_width

5

total number of rows for specified boundary value nudging; only for real-data cases

single entry

spec_zone

1

number of points in specified zone when specified=.true.; only for real-data cases

single entry

relax_zone

4

number of points in relaxation zone when specified=.true.; only for real-data cases

single entry

specified

.false.

set to =.true. to use a specified boundary condition; can only be used for domain 1; only for real-data cases

max_dom

spec_exp

0

exponential multiplier for relaxation zone ramp when specified=.true.; 0 = linear ramp; 0.33 = ~3*DX exp decay factor; only for real-data cases

single entry

multi_bdy_files

.false.

set to =.true. to instruct real.exe to generate multiple wrfbdy files (one time period per file, using bdy_inname=wrfbdy_d01_<date>)

single entry

periodic_x

.false.

set to =.true. to use periodic boundary conditions in the x-direction

max_dom

symmetric_xs

.false.

set to =.true. to use symmetric boundary conditions on the x start side (west side)

max_dom

symmetric_xe

.false.

set to =.true. to use symmetric boundary conditions on the x end side (east side)

max_dom

open_xs

.false.

set to =.true. to use open boundary conditions on the x start side (west side)

max_dom

open_xe

.false.

set to =.true. to use open boundary conditions on the x end side (east side)

max_dom

periodic_y

.false.

set to =.true. to use periodic boundary conditions in the y-direction

max_dom

symmetric_ys

.false.

set to =.true. to use symmetric boundary conditions on the y start side (south side)

max_dom

symmetric_ye

.false.

set to =.true. to use symmetric boundary conditions on the y end side (north side)

max_dom

open_ys

.false.

set to =.true. to use open boundary conditions on the y start side (south side)

max_dom

open_ye

.false.

set to =.true. to use open boundary conditions on the y end side (north side)

max_dom

nested

.false.

set to =.true. to use nested boundary conditions; must be set to .true. for nests

max_dom

polar

.false.

set to =.true. to use a polar boundary condition (v=0 at polarward-most v-point); use for global application

max_dom

constant_bc

.false.

set to =.true. to use a constant boundary condition; for dfi_opt>0

single entry

have_bcs_moist

.false.

set to =.true. to use the microphysics variables from the wrfbdy file in wrf.exe after running ndown

max_dom

have_bcs_scalar

.false.

set to =.true. to use scalar variables from the wrfbdy file in wrf.exe after running ndown

max_dom




&fdda

The following options are specific to Grid Nudging and assume grid_fdda=1 for each domain.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

grid_fdda

0

option to turn on grid nudging;

=0 : off
=1 : grid analysis nudging on
=2 : spectral analysis nudging on

max_dom

gfdda_inname

wrffdda_d<domain>

defined name of grid nudging input file that is produced when running real.exe

single entry

gfdda_interval_m

0

time interval (in mins) between analysis times

max_dom

gfdda_end_h

0

time (in hours) from the initial forecast time, to stop nudging

max_dom

io_form_gfdda

2

output format for grid analysis data;

=2 : NetCDF
=4 : PHD5
=5 : GRIB1
=10 : GRIB2
=11 : pNetCDF

single entry

fgdt

0

calculation frequency (in mins) for analysis nudging; 0=every time step, which is recommended

max_dom

if_no_pbl_nudging_uv

0

set to =1 to turn off nudging of u and v in the PBL

max_dom

if_no_pbl_nudging_t

0

set to =1 to turn off nudging of temperature in the PBL

max_dom

if_no_pbl_nudging_q

0

set to =1 to turn off nudging of qvapor in the PBL

max_dom

guv

0

nudging coefficient for u and v (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.0003

max_dom

gt

0

nudging coefficient for temperature (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.0003

max_dom

gq

0

nudging coefficient for qvapor (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.0003

max_dom

if_ramping

0

the method for ending nudging;

=0 : nudging ends as a step function
=1 : nudging ramps down at the end of the period

single entry

dtramp_min

0

timestep (in mins) for ramping function

single entry

grid_sfdda

0

type of surface grid nudging;

=0 : none
=1 : nudging for selected surface fields
=2 : FASDAS (Flux-Adjusted Surface Data Assimilation System) nudging

max_dom

sgfdda_inname

wrfsfdda_d<domain>

defined name of surface nudging input file that comes from the OBSGRID program

single entry

sgfdda_interval_m

0

time interval (in mins) between surface analysis times

max_dom

sgfdda_end_h

0

time (in hours) from the initial forecast time, to stop surface nudging

max_dom

io_form_sgfdda

2

surface analysis output format;

=2 : NetCDF

single entry

guv_sfc

0

surface nudging coefficient for u and v (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.0003

max_dom

gt_sfc

0

surface nudging coefficient for temperature (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.0003

max_dom

gq_sfc

0

surface nudging coefficient for qvapor (s-1); a reasonable value is 0.00001

max_dom

rinblw

0

radius of influence used to determine the confidence (or weights) for analysis, which is based on the distance between the grid point to the nearest observation; analysis for grid points without nearvy observations is used at a reduced weight

max_dom



Spectral Nudging

The following options are specific to Spectral Nudging and assume grid_fdda=2 for each domain.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

fgdtzero

0

set to =1 to nudge tendencies to zero in between fdda calls

max_dom

if_no_pbl_nudging_ph

0

set to =1 to turn off nudging of perturbation geopotential (ph) in the PBL

max_dom

if_zfac_uv

0

determines which layers nudging will occur for u and v;

=0 : nudge in all layers
=1 : limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_uv

max_dom

k_zfac_uv

0

below this model level, nudging is turned off for u and v

max_dom

dk_zfac_uv

1

depth (in k dimension) between k_zfac_uv to dk_zfac_uv where nudging increases linearly to full strength

max_dom

if_zfac_t

0

determines which layers nudging will occur for temperature;

=0 : nudge temperature in all layers
=1 : limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_t

max_dom

k_zfac_t

0

below this model level, nudging is turned off for temperature

max_dom

dk_zfac_t

1

depth (in k dimension) between k_zfac_t to dk_zfac_t where nudging increases linearly to full strength

max_dom

if_zfac_ph

0

determines which layers nudging will occur for perturbation geopotential (ph);

=0 : nudge ph in all layers
=1 : limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_tph

max_dom

k_zfac_ph

0

below this model level, nudging is turned off for perturbation geopotential (ph)

max_dom

dk_zfac_ph

1

depth (in k dimension) between k_zfac_ph to dk_zfac_ph where nudging increases linearly to full strength

max_dom

if_zfac_q

0

determines which layers nudging will occur for qvapor;

=0 : nudge qvapor in all layers
=1 : limit nudging to levels above k_zfac_tq

max_dom

k_zfac_q

0

below this model level, nudging is turned off for qvapor

max_dom

dk_zfac_q

1

depth (in k dimension) between k_zfac_q to dk_zfac_q where nudging increases linearly to full strength

max_dom

gph

0

nudging coefficient for perturbation geopotential (ph); a reasonable value is 0.0003

max_dom

ktrop

0

option to cap spectral nudging of potential temperature and water vapor mixing ratio at a user-defined layer above the PBL; nominally selected to represent the tropopause

single entry

xwavenum

0

top wave number to nudge in the x-direction; a reasonable value is 3

max_dom

ywavenum

0

top wave number to nudge in the y-direction; a reasonable value is 3

max_dom



Observational Nudging

The following options are specific to Observational Nudging and assume obs_nudge_opt=1 for each domain.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

obs_nudge_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on observational nudging; must also set auxinput11_invterval and auxinput11_end_h under &time_control in namelist.input

max_dom

max_obs

0

maximum number of observations used for a domain during any given time window

single entry

fdda_start

0

observational nudging start time (in mins)

max_dom

fdda_end

0

observational nudging end time (in mins)

max_dom

obs_nudge_wind

0

set to =1 to turn on wind nudging

max_dom

obs_coef_wind

0

nudging coefficient for wind (s-1)

max_dom

obs_nudge_temp

0

set to =1 to turn on temperature nudging

max_dom

obs_coef_temp

0

nudging coefficient for temperature (s-1)

max_dom

obs_nudge_mois

0

set to =1 to turn on vapor mixing ratio nudging

max_dom

obs_coef_mois

0

nudging coefficient for vapor mixing ratio (s-1)

max_dom

obs_rinxy

0

horizontal radius of influence (in km)

max_dom

obs_rinsig

0

vertical radius of influence (in eta)

single entry

obs_twindo

0

half-period time window over which an observation is used for nudging (in hours)

max_dom

obs_npfi

0

frequency in coarse grid timesteps for diagnostic prints

single entry

obs_ionf

1

frequency in coarse grid timesteps for observational input and error calculation

max_dom

obs_idynin

0

for dynamic initialization, turns on ramping-down function to gradually turn off FDDA before the pure forecast

single entry

obs_dtramp

0

time period (in mins) over which the nudging is ramped down from one to zero

single entry

obs_prt_max

1000

maximum allowed obs entries in diagnostic printout

single entry

obs_prt_freq

1000

frequency in observation index for diagnostic printout

max_dom

obs_ipf_in4dob

.false.

set to =.true. to print observational input diagnostics

single entry

obs_ipf_errob

.false.

set to =.true. to print observational error diagnostics

single entry

obs_ipf_nudob

.false.

set to =.true. to print observational nudging diagnostics

single entry

obs_ipf_init

.true.

enables observational printed warning messages

single entry

obs_no_pbl_nudge_uv

0

set to =1 to turn off wind nudging within the PBL

max_dom

obs_no_pbl_nudge_t

0

set to =1 to turn off temperature nudging within the PBL

max_dom

obs_no_pbl_nudge_q

0

set to =1 to turn off moisture nudging within the PBL

max_dom

obs_nudgezfullr1_uv
obs_nudgezfullr1_t
obs_nudgezfullr1_q

50

vertical influence of full weight height for lowest model level observations, PBL regime 1, winds (uv), temperature (t), and moisture (q)

single entry

obs_nudgezrampr1_uv
obs_nudgezrampr1_t
obs_nudgezrampr1_q

50

vertical influence of ramp-to-zero height for lowest model level observations, regime 1, winds (uv), temperature (t), and moisture (q)

single entry

obs_nudgezfullr2_uv
obs_nudgezfullr2_t
obs_nudgezfullr2_q

50

Vertical influence of full weight height for lowest model level observations, regime 2, winds (uv), temperature (t), and moisture (q)

single entry

obs_nudgezrampr2_uv
obs_nudgezrampr2_t
obs_nudgezrampr2_q

50

vertical influence of ramp-to-zero height for lowest model level observations, regime 2, winds (uv), temperature (t), and moisture (q)

single entry

obs_nudgezfullr4_uv
obs_nudgezfullr4_t
obs_nudgezfullr4_q

-5000

Vertical influence of full weight height for lowest model level observations, regime 4, winds (uv), temperature (t), and moisture (q)

single entry

obs_nudgezrampr4_uv
obs_nudgezrampr4_t
obs_nudgezrampr4_q

50

vertical influence of ramp-to-zero height for lowest model level observations, regime 4, winds (uv), temperature (t), and moisture (q)

single entry

obs_nudgezfullmin

50

minimum depth (in meters) through which the vertical influence function remains 1.0

single entry

obs_nudgezrampmin

50

minimum depth (in meters) through which the vertical influence function decreases from 1 to 0

single entry

obs_nudgezmax

3000

max depth (in meters) in which vertical influence function is non-zero

single entry

obs_sfcfact

1.0

scale factor applied to the time window for surface observations

single entry

obs_sfcfacr

1.0

scale factor applied to horizontal radius of influence for surface observations

single entry

obs_dpsmx

7.5

max pressure change ( in cb) allowed within the horizontal radius of influence

single entry

obs_sfc_scheme_horiz

0

horizontal spreading scheme for surface observations;

=0 : WRF scheme
=1 : MM5 scheme

single entry

obs_sfc_scheme_vert

0

vertical spreading scheme for surface observations;

=0 : regime vif scheme
=1 : original (simple) scheme

single entry

obs_max_sndng_gap

20

max allowed pressure gap (in cb) between soundings for interpolation

single entry

obs_scl_neg_qv_innov

0

set to =1 to prevent nudging toward negative Qv

single entry




&noah_mp


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

dveg

4

dynamic vegetation option; for all options;

LAI = leaf area index FVEG = vegetation fraction SHDFAC = model variable for veg fraction
=1 : off; LAI from table; FVEG = SHDFAC
=2 : on; LAI predicted; FVEG calculated
=3 : off; LAI from table; FVEG calculated
=4off; LAI from table; FVEG = max veg fraction
=5 : on; LAI predicted; FVEG = max veg fraction
=6 : on; use FVEG - SHDFAC from input
=7 : off; use input LAI; use FVEG - SHDFAC from input
=8 : off; use input LAI; calculate FVEG
=9 : off; use input LAI; use max veg fraction
=10 : crop model on; use max veg fraction

single entry

opt_crs

1

stomatal resistance option;

=1 : Ball-Berry
=2 : Jarvis

single entry

opt_sfc

1

surface layer drag coefficient calculation;

=1 : Monin-Obukhov
=2 : original Noah (Chen97)

single entry

opt_btr

1

soil moisture factor for stomatal resistance;

=1 : Noah
=2 : CLM
=3 : SSiB

single entry

opt_run

3

runoff and groundwater option;

=1 : TOPMODEL with groundwater
=2 : TOPMODEL with equilibrium water table
=3 : original surface and subsurface runoff (free drainage)
=4 : BATS (Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme) surface and subsurface runoff (free drainage)
=5 : Miguez-Macho & Fan groundwater scheme (Miguez-Macho et al., 2007, Fan et al., 2007); geogrid must be run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution!
=6 : Variable Infiltration Capacity Model Surface Runoff scheme (Wood et al., 1992); works in V4.4+
=7 : Xiananjiang Infiltration and Surface Runoff scheme (Jayawardena and Zhou, 2000); works in V4.4+
=8 : Dynamic VIC Surface Runoff scheme (Liang and Xie, 2001); works in V4.4+

single entry

opt_infdv

0

infiltration option in dynamic VIC runoff scheme; only works when opt_run=8; works in V4.4+;

=0 : off
=1 : Philip scheme
=2 : Green-Ampt scheme
=3 : Smith-Parlange scheme

single entry

opt_frz

1

supercooled liquid water option;

=1 : no iteration
=2 : Koren’s iteration

single entry

opt_inf

1

soil permeability option;

=1 : linear effect, more permeable
=2 : non-linear effect; less permeable

single entry

opt_rad

3

radiative transfer option;

=1 : modified two-stream; known to cause problems when vegetation fraction is small
=2 : two-stream applied to grid cell
=3 : two-stream applied to veg fraction

single entry

opt_alb

2

ground surface albedo option;

=1 : BATS
=2 : CLASS (Canadian Land Surface Scheme)

single entry

opt_snf

1

precipitation partitioning between snow and rain;

=1 : Jordan, 1991
=2 : BATS; snow when SFCTMP<TFRZ+2.2
=3 : snow when SFCTMP<TFRZ
=4 : use WRF precipitation partitioning
=5 : use wetbulb temperature (Wang et al., 2019)

single entry

opt_tbot

2

soil temperature lower boundary condition;

=1 : zero heat flux
=2 : TBOT at 8 m from input file

single entry

opt_stc

1

snow/soil temperature time scheme;

=1 : semi-implicit
=2 : fully-implicit
=3 : semi-implicit; where temperatures use snow cover fraction

single entry

opt_gla

1

glacier treatment option;

=1 : includes phase change
=2 : slab ice (Noah)

single entry

opt_rsf

1

surface evaporation resistence option;

=1 : Sakaguchi and Zeng, 2009
=2 : Sellers, 1992
=3 : adjusted Sellers to decrease RSURF for wet soil
=4 : option 1 for non-snow; rsurf=rsurf_snow for snow; set in MPTABLE

single entry

opt_soil

1

options for defining soil properties; geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution;

=1 : use input dominant soil texture
=2 : use input soil texture that varies with depth
=3 : use soil composition (sand, clay, orgm) and pedotransfer functions (opt_pedo)
=4 : use input foil properties (BEXP_3D, SMCMAX_3D, etc.); not valid in WRF

single entry

opt_pedo

1

option for pedotransfer functions; only works when opt_soil=3; geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution;

=1 : Saxton and Rawls, 2006

single entry

opt_crop

0

options for crop model;

=0 : no crop model; run default dynamic vegetation
=1 : Liu et al., 2016
=2 : Gecros (Genotype-by-Environment interaction on CROp grown simulator; Yin and van Laar, 2005)

single entry

opt_irr

0

irrigation option; geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution;

=0 : no irrigation
=1 : irrigation on
=2 : irrigation trigger based on crop season planting and harvesting dates
=3 : irrigation trigger based on LAI (leaf area index) threshold

single entry

opt_irrm

0

options for irrigation method; only works when opt_irr>0; geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution;

=0 : method based on geo_em fractions (all three methods are on)
=1 : sprinkler method
=2 : micro/drip irrigation
=3 : surface flooding

single entry

opt_tdrn

0

tile drainage option; only confirmed to work with opt_run=3; geogrid must have been run with GEOGRID.TBL.ARW.noahmp; use with caution; new since V4.4;

=0 : no tile drainage
=1 : simple drainage
=2 : Hooghoudt’s equation-based tile drainage

single entry

soiltstep

0.0

soil process timestep (in seconds) for solving soil water and temperature; new since V4.4;

=0 : same as main NoahMP model timestep;
= N*dt_noahmp : typically 15 or 30 mins

single entry

noahmp_output

1

Noah-MP output levels; new since V4.4;

=1 : standard output
=3 : standard output with additional water and energy budget term

single entry

noahmp_acc_dt

0.0

bucket reset time interval (mins) between outputs for accumulation; only works with noahmp_output=3

single entry




&dfi_control

The following options are specific to Digital Filter Initialization (DFI) and assume dfi_opt>0.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

dfi_opt

0

digital filter initialization option; supports nesting with no feedback;

=0 : no DFI
=1 : digital filter launch (DFL)
=2 : diabatic DFI (DDFI)
=3 : twice DFI (TDFI); recommended

single entry

dfi_nfilter

7

type of digital filter to use when dfi_opt>0;

=0 : uniform
=1 : Lanczos
=2 : Hamming
=3 : Blackman
=4 : Kaiser
=5 : Potter
=6 : Dolph window
=7 : Dolph; recommended
=8 : recursive high-order

single entry

dfi_write_filtered_input

.true.

when set to =.true., writes a wrfinput file with a filtered model state before beginning a forecast

single entry

dfi_write_dfi_history

.false.

set to =.true. to write wrfout files during filtering integration

single entry

dfi_cutoff_seconds

3600

cutoff period (in seconds) for the filter; should not be longer than the filter window

single entry

dfi_time_dim

1000

maximum number of time steps for the filtering period; this value can be larger than necessary

single entry


The following settings show an example for 1 hour backward integration for a model simulation that starts at 2004-03-13_12:00:00.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

dfi_bckstop_year

2004

4-digit year of stop time for backward DFI integration

single entry

dfi_bckstop_month

3

2-digit month of stop time for backward DFI integration

single entry

dfi_bckstop_day

13

2-digit day of stop time for backward DFI integration

single entry

dfi_bckstop_hour

11

2-digit hour of stop time for backward DFI integration

single entry

dfi_bckstop_minute

0

2-digit minute of stop time for backward DFI integration

single entry

dfi_bckstop_second

0

2-digit second of stop time for backward DFI integration

single entry


The following settings specify 30 minutes of forward integration for a model simulation that starts at 2004-03-13_12:00:00.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

dfi_fwdstop_year

2004

4-digit year of stop time for forward DFI integration

single entry

dfi_fwdstop_month

3

2-digit month of stop time for forward DFI integration

single entry

dfi_fwdstop_day

13

2-digit day of stop time for forward DFI integration

single entry

dfi_fwdstop_hour

12

2-digit hour of stop time for forward DFI integration

single entry

dfi_fwdstop_minute

30

2-digit minute of stop time for forward DFI integration

single entry

dfi_fwdstop_second

0

2-digit second of stop time for forward DFI integration

single entry

dfi_savehydmeteors

0

Option for radar data assimilation:

=0 : sets hydrometeors to 0 and lets them spin up in DFI
=1 : keeps hydrometeors unchanged

single entry




&grib2


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

background_proc_id

255

background generating process identifier (typically defined by the originating data center) to identify background data used in creating the data; this is octet 13 of Section 4 in the grib2 message

single entry

forecast_proc_id

255

analysis or generating forecast process identifier (typically defined by the originating data center) to identify the forecast process used to generate the data; this is octet 14 of Section 4 in the grib2 message

single entry

production_status

255

production status of processed data in the grib2 message; see Code Table 1.3 of the grib2 manual; this is octect 20 of Section 1 in the grib2 record

single entry

compression

40

the compression method to encode the output grib2 message; only supported types are:

=40 : jpeg2000
=41 : PNG

single entry




&scm

The Single Column Model (SCM) can only be run for a single domain. All options require only a single entry in the namelist.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

scm_force

0

set to =1 to turn on single column forcing

scm_force_dx

4000

DX for SCM forcing (in meters)

num_force_layers

8

number of SCM input forcing layers

scm_lu_index

2

SCM landuse category; 2= dryland, cropland, and pasture; others can be found in the LANDUSE.TBL file in the run/ or test/em_real/ directory

scm_isltyp

4

SCM soil category; 4= silt loam; others can be found in the SOILPARM.TBL file in the run/ or test/em_real/ directory

scm_vegfra

50

SCM vegetation fraction (%)

scm_canwat

0

SCM canopy water (kg m-2)

scm_lat

36.605

SCM latitude

scm_lon

-97.485

SCM longitude

scm_th_adv

.true.

turns on theta advection in SCM

scm_wind_adv

.true.

turns on wind advection in SCM

scm_qv_adv

.true.

turns on moisture advection in SCM

scm_vert_adv

.true.

turns on vertical advection in SCM

scm_ql_adv

.false.

set to =.true. to turn on liquid advection in SCM

scm_force_skintemp

0

set to =1 to turn on SCM forcing by skin temp

scm_force_flux

0

set to =1 to turn on SCM forcing by surface fluxes

num_force_soil_layers

5

number of SCM soil forcing layers

scm_soilt_force

.false.

set to =.true. to turn on soil temperature forcing in SCM

scm_soilq_force

.false.

set to =.true. to turn on moisture forcing in SCM

scm_force_th_largescale

.false.

set to =.true. to turn on large-scale theta forcing in SCM

scm_force_qv_largescale

.false.

set to =.true. to turn on large-scale qv forcing in SCM

scm_force_ql_largescale

.false.

set to =.true. to turn on large-scale ql forcing in SCM

scm_force_wind_largescale

.false.

set to =.true. to turn on large-scale wind forcing in SCM




&tc


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

insert_bogus_storm

.false.

set to =.true. to insert a bogus tropical cyclone

single entry

remove_storm

.false.

set to =.true. to remove the original tropical cyclone; does not work if a TC did not already exist

single entry

num_storm

1

the number of bogus TCs in the domain

single entry

latc_loc

-999

center latitude of the bogus TC

max_bogus

lonc_loc

-999

center longitude of the bogus TC

max_bogus

vmax_meters_per_second

-999

wind max of bogus storm (m s-1)

max_bogus

rmax

-999

maximum radius outward from storm center of bogus TC

max_bogus

vmax_ratio

-999

ratio for representative maximum winds; 0.75 for 45 km grid, and 0.9 for 15 km grid

max_bogus

rankine_lid

-999

top pressure limit for the TC bogus scheme

single entry




&diags

To output fields on pressure levels (p_lev_diags=1), the following variables must be set in the &time_control record:

  • auxhist23_outname='wrfpress_d<domain>_<date>' (modify output stream and file name accordingly)

  • io_form_auxhist23=2 (2=netCDF file format)

  • auxhist23_interval=180,180 (interval in minutes for each domain)

  • frames_per_auxhist23=1,1 (number of files output per interval period)


To vertically interpolate diagnostics to z-levels (z_lev_diags=1), the following additional variables must set in the &time_control record (note the use of stream 22, instead of 23, as is used above):

  • auxhist22_outname=’wrfpress_d<domain>_<date>’ (modify output stream and file name accordingly)

  • io_form_auxhist22=2 (2=netCDF file format)

  • auxhist22_interval=180,180 (interval in minutes for each domain)

  • frames_per_auxhist22=1,1 (number of files output per interval period)


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

p_lev_diags

0

set to =1 to output pressure level diagnostics

single entry

num_press_levels

0

number of pressure levels

single entry

press_levels

0

specifically state the desired pressure levels (in Pa); one per num_press_levels

max_plevs

use_tot_or_hyd_p

2

pressure option;

1 : use total pressure
2 : use hydrostatic pressure

single entry

p_lev_missing

-999

missing value below ground

single entry

z_lev_diags

0

set to =1 to vertically interpolate diagnostics to z-levels

single entry

num_z_levels

0

number of height levels to interpolate to

single entry

z_levels

0

list of height values (in meters) to interpolate data to; positive numbers are for heights above mean sea level (i.e., a flight level); negative numbers are for levels above ground

max_zlevs

z_lev_missing

-999

missing value below ground

single entry

extrap_below_grnd

1

method used for extrapolating below ground;

=1 : no extrapolation
=2 : extrapolate adiabatically

single entry

solar_diagnostics

0

set to =1 to turn on solar forecasting diagnostics for additional solar-related outputs; see full description in the “output diagnostics” section of the WRF Output chapter; new since V4.2

single entry




&afwa

The following options are specific to AFWA diagnostics, and assumes afwa_daig_opt=1.

Note

These options cannot be used with an OpenMP configuration.


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

afwa_diag_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on AFWA diagnostics

max_dom

afwa_ptype_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on precipitation type option

max_dom

afwa_vil_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on vertical int liquid option

max_dom

afwa_radar_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on radar option

max_dom

afwa_severe_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on severe weather option

max_dom

afwa_icing_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on icing option

max_dom

afwa_vis_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on visibility option

max_dom

afwa_cloud_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on cloud option

max_dom

afwa_therm_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on thermal indices option

max_dom

afwa_turb_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on turbulence option

max_dom

afwa_buoy_opt

0

set to =1 to turn on buoyancy option

max_dom

afwa_ptype_ccn_tmp

264.15

CCN temperature for precipitation type calculation

single entry

afwa_ptype_tot_melt

50

total melting energy for precipitation type calculation

single entry




&ideal


Namelist Parameter

Default Setting

Description

Set for 1 or Multiple Domains (max_dom)

ideal_case

0

set to =1 to indicate this is an idealized test case; mandatory for all idealized cases

single entry